Eco-political Decision Making and Techno-political Alternative Strategies in the Inter-state Development of the Jordan Valley and Dead Sea Beyond the Peace

The interstate region of the Jordan Valley and Dead Sea is the focus of international cooperation and regional economic development for peace and confidence building in the aftermath of the 'Declaration of Principles' between Israel and the PL O in September 1993, and the 'Treaty of Peace' between Jordan and Israel in October 1994. Eco-political decision making, which would sustain water development and water ecology in a framework of peaceful cooperation, is elaborated in this study with some techno-political strategic alternatives to combine the 'M D S Canal for co-generation with application of hydropowered seawater RO desalination' and 'the lower Jordan Peace Drainage Canal with brackish RO desalination'. This study suggests the priorities in the assessment of techno-political altern atives to share the resou rces and benefit among the riparian states, taking into account the incentives for eco-political decision making, inter-state regional economic development, and the will for peaceful cooperation.     

Water quality and quantity in Jordan's Dead Sea wadis

An evaluation of a potential water supply for the city of Amman, Jordan was conducted for five tributaries (wadis) to the Dead Sea. The total average discharge of approximately 0.85 m³/s (26.8 million cubic metres (MCM)/year) represents a significant quantity of water given the limited fresh-water supplies in the region. Although the raw water concentrations sometimes exceeded allowable concentrations for metals and pathogens, standard drinking water treatment associated with desalination facilities should alleviate most water quality concerns. The total construction cost is estimated to be between $85 and $95 million. Assuming a 15-year design life, this corresponds to a cost of $0.22/m³. This is feasible compared to alternative water supply options.     

Techno-political Decision Making for Water Resources Development: The Jordan River Watershed

Discussions on water resources development generally focus on a variety of techn ical options, often without considering the potential political repercussions of each option. This paper incorporates both technical and political considerations in a 'technopolitical' decision-making framework. Water resources developm ent alternatives are then examined to evalu ate their respective priorities for development in Israel, Palestine and Jordan, which are the major riparians of the Jordan River. Particular account is taken of the Middle East peace negotiations, and consequent political changes. Each proposal is designed to provide incentives for sharing resources and benefits among the riparian states.     

中部地区水资源与区域经济的协调发展

中部6省水资源丰富,是经济发展和中部崛起的重要禀赋,但在水资源的开发利用上仍然存在一定的问题。比较了中部地区和东西部地区的水资源现状,并选取了一定的指标来分析和评价全国各地区的水资源支撑能力,评价结果表明中部地区水资源现状与其发展比较适应,最后得出结论并对中部地区未来水资源可持续发展提出对策建议。     

水电开发与四川民族地区的社会发展

论述了四川少数民族地区的战略地位,在分析了目前四川民族地区社会经济发展所存在的问题的基础上,阐述了“三州”地区富集的水资源和巨大的开发潜力以及水电开发对民族地区经济发展,社会稳定所起的重要作用。     

岩溶地区地下水的开发利用

文山县白石岩暗河出露在盘龙河下游河段。通过3期工程建设,封堵了暗河,抬高水位133m,形成地下水库约3 000-4 000万m^3,并在坝后装机12.5MW,可提高其下游盘龙河上17座梯级电站（其中：完建16座）的效益,其成功开发说明在岩溶地区对地下水的开发利用不仅是可行的,而且亦可获得巨大的社会效益和经济效益。     

The Aral Sea and the Dead Sea: Disparate lakes with similar histories

In spite of significant differences in their sizes, depths, salinity and other properties, the Aral Sea and the Dead Sea share many features, as illustrated by a comparison of the histories of both water bodies. Fifteenth and early sixteenth century maps, based on the ‘Geography’ of Ptolemy, contain both lakes. The first successful limnological surveys of the lakes were made in the same year 1848, when Alexey Butakov explored the Aral Sea and William Lynch mapped the Dead Sea. Paintings and drawings by Taras Shevchenko (Aral Sea) and David Roberts (Dead Sea) document the landscapes around the lakes in the first half of the 19th century. The water balance of both lakes has been strongly negative in the past decades, leading to a decreased water surface area and volume for both lakes, their increased salinity and deterioration of their local infrastructures. Complex and expensive mitigation schemes have been proposed for both lakes, based on the import of large quantities of water from distant sources via canals or pipelines (i.e. Siberian rivers or Caspian Sea to supply water to the Aral Sea, Mediterranean Sea or Red Sea, to be connected with the Dead Sea). Less dramatic solutions to improve the local situations already have resulted in improved water quality in the Aral Sea, and partial restoration of its fisheries. In contrast, the Dead Sea remains much too saline to support higher forms of life. Nevertheless, a biblical prophecy predicts that even this most hypersaline of all lakes will eventually be teeming with fish of many kinds.     

加强水能管理推进有序开发

在新的历史时期,农村水电作为清洁可再生能源面临着前所未有的发展机遇,特别是《可再生能源法》的出台给水能资源开发利用和农村水电发展提供了法律保障。此时,我们探讨如何加强水能管理,具有十分深远的意义。     

水能资源开发趋势及问题研究

本文深入分析了水能资源开发及变化趋势,对目前水能资源开发中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出了相应的措施及建议。     

中国与大湄公河地区国家的水能开发合作

大湄公河次区域(GMS)具有丰富的自然资源、日益增长的和可培训的劳动力、丰富的土地资源和战略位置,成为经济快速增长的地区,唯一缺少的是资金和技术。水能开发合作可以缓解该地区的电力供求不平衡。在大湄公河次区域,这种水能开发合作的效益包括:更低的成本、改善供电服务质量、减少温室效应的气体和其它污染物的排放。在过去的三年中,中国与大湄公河地区的电力贸易达到3.02亿kW·h,贸易额达到1300万美元。     

西北诸河区域经济社会发展需水量预测

根据西北诸河经济社会发展特点和水资源条件,采用多种方法对比分析,预测经济社会发展趋势及规模,考虑现状用水、一般节水、强化节水和超常节水4种节水模式,分别预测区域经济社会发展相应的需水量,并从用水效率、用水定额、用水结构、用水增长率等多方面分析用水合理性。经分析,强化节水模式下,到2030年西北诸河河道外需水量为657.11亿m3,预测结果基本合理,能够真实反映西北诸河未来的用水需求。     

中国水能资源开发研讨会在京召开

[本刊讯]2009年12月18日,由国家能源专家咨询委员会可再生能源专业委员会主办、水利部水电局承办的中国水能资源开发研讨会在北京召开.国务院参事、国家能源专家咨询委员会主任徐锭明出席会议并讲话,国家能源专家咨询委员会专家、水利部水电局局长、国际小水电组织协调委员会主席田中兴作了题为小水电大战略的主旨报告.     

Regional Options for Addressing the Water,Energy and Food Nexus in Central Asia and the Aral Sea Basin

This article explores the water, energy and food nexus in Central Asia as an avenue to seek regional solutions to common challenges. A benefit-sharing scheme was in place between the countries in the Central Asia in the Soviet Union era, but since independence unilateral action has been the norm. It is concluded that a regional integrative approach would be beneficial in the water, energy and food nexus. Collaborative options include exploring existing regional frameworks with a focus on additional investment in hydropower power generation, regional power market development, irrigation reforms, and addressing regional environmental public goods such as water flows and quality.     

南水北调受水区土壤盐碱化防治措施概述

分析了土壤发生盐碱化的机理，介绍了一些减渗、排水以及控制地下水位的方法，提出了防治土壤盐碱化的工程措施和管理对策。     

坚持用科学发展观指导水能资源的科学利用

我国是水能资源大国,早在1904午就已经开始使用水能进行发电,在我国电力发展初期,小水电起到了举足轻蓖的作用.新中国成立后,小水电的建设解决了山区用电问题,提高了山区人民物质文明和精神文明水平.改革开放以来,民营资本解决了长期困扰小水电建设的资金问题,在极短的时间内建成了大批的小型水电站,使山区人民得以快速脱贫致富,与全国人民一起共同迈入小康社会.     

吉林省水能资源开发利用条例

第一章 总则 第一条 为合理开发、利用水能资源,实现水能资源可持续利用,根据《中华人民共和国水法》、《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》和其他有关法律、法规,结合本省实际,制定本条例。     

宁陕县水能资源开发利用思考

介绍宁陕县水能资源情况,指出当前水电开发面临的主要问题,并对今后的发展提出意见和建议.     

推进农村水电资源开发建设保障农村水电事业健康发展——泰顺县农村水电发展问题的思考

随着鼓励开发小水电政策的深入,农村水电投资主体逐渐多元化,股份制合作和招商引资等政策的实施,使泰顺县农村水电进入了快速发展的时期,经历了一个不平凡的发展历程.在新的历史时期,农村水电又被赋予了新的历史使命.因此,对泰顺农村水电发展进行回顾的同时,进一步理清发展思路,谋求发展良策,保障农村水电事业健康发展.     

必须重视海平面上升对沿海水利建设的影响

海平面上升已是严峻事实,沿海水利建设必须重视海平面上升的影响,在河口整治规划、海堤设计与建设、海涂围垦、防潮防咸工程、排灌工程等方面,充分考虑海平面上升问题。     

陕西水能开发项目中的泥沙问题

河流泥沙及其处理是水利工作的一个难题,也是一门专业学科.在多泥沙河流上建设水能开发项目,对泥沙问题设计重视和研究不够,将会给工程运行带来严重后果.结合陕西省水能开发项目设计审查中常遇的相关泥沙问题,提出相应的对策供设计中研究参考.