Irrigation System Salinity Management Modelling

A salinity managem ent model is developed for analysing an irrigation system (small or large), which consists of a hydro-salinity su bmodel, a soil m oistu re chemistry submodel, and a groundwater salinity submodel. The hydro-salinity submodel calculates water and salt budgets for an irrigation system in order to determine the recharge rate into the groundwater reservoir. The soil moisture chemistry submodel predicts soil moisture m ovemen t and transport of solutes in the unsaturated soil profile considerin g the cation exchan ge, precipitation an d dissolution of gypsu m and lime in the soil solution. The three-dimensional grou ndwater salinity submodel predicts the spatial and temporal changes in groun dwater salinity, as well as temporal variations in the salin ity of pumped water.     

Real-Time Operation of Reservoir System by Genetic Programming

Reservoir operation policy depends on specific values of deterministic variables and predictable actions as well as stochastic variables, in which small differences affect water release and reservoir operation efficiency. Operational rule curves of reservoir are policies which relate water release to the deterministic and stochastic variables such as storage volume and inflow. To operate a reservoir system in real time, a prediction model may be coupled with rule curves to estimate inflow as a stochastic variable. Inappropriate selection of this prediction model increases calculations and impacts the reservoir operation efficiency. Thus, extraction of an operational policy simultaneously with inflow prediction helps the operator to make an appropriate decision to calculate how much water to release from the reservoir without employing a prediction model. This paper addresses the use of genetic programming (GP) to develop a reservoir operation policy simultaneously with inflow prediction. To determine a water release policy, two operational rule curves are considered in each period by using (1) inflow and storage volume at the beginning of each period and (2) inflow of the 1^st, 2^nd, 12^th previous periods and storage volume at the beginning of each period. The obtained objective functions of those rules have only 4.86 and 0.44?% difference in the training and testing data sets. These results indicate that the proposed rule based on deterministic variables is effective in determining optimal rule curves simultaneously with inflow prediction for reservoirs.     

Reliability Improved Stochastic Dynamic Programming for Reservoir Operation Optimization

Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) is widely used in reservoir operation problems. Besides its advantages, a few drawbacks have leaded many studies to improve its structure. Handling the infeasible conditions and curse of dimensionality are two major challenges in this method. The main goal of this paper is proposing a new method to avoid infeasible conditions and enhance the solution efficiency with new discretization procedure. For this purpose, an optimization module is incorporated into regular SDP structure, so that, near optimal values of state variables are determined based on the available constraints. The new method (RISDP) employs reliability concept to maximize the reservoir releases to satisfy the downstream demands. Applying the proposed technique improves the reservoir operating policies compared to regular SDP policies with the same assumptions of discretization. Simulation of reservoir operation in a real case study indicates about 15% improvement in objective function value and elimination of infeasible conditions by using RISDP operating policies.     

黄材水库溢洪道滑坡稳定可靠度分析

文章采用蒙特卡罗法、罗森帕卢思法和可靠度指标法对湖南省黄材水库溢洪道滑坡进行了稳定可靠度分析。分析结果认为溢洪道滑坡不稳定，因此提出了加固处理措施。     

钱塘江河口盐度预报预警系统研制及应用

为提高钱塘江杭州河段取水口取水安全保证率,基于C/S架构,应用平面二维数学模型和GIS技术研发了钱塘江河口盐度预报预警系统。系统由信息管理、盐度预报、盐度预警等功能模块组成,实际应用表明,系统可视化程度高、操作方便快捷,通用性好,为科学调度上游水库下泄流量和保证水厂取水提供了科学依据。     

Basin/Reservoir System Integration for Real Time Reservoir Operation

This paper demonstrates the basin/reservoir system integration as a decision support system for short term operation policy of a multipurpose dam. It is desired to re-evaluate and improve the current operational regulation of the reservoir with respect to water supply and flood control especially for real time operation. The most innovative part of this paper is the development of a decision support system (DSS) by the integration of a hydrological (HEC-HMS) and reservoir simulation model (HEC-ResSim) to guide the professional practitioners during the real time operation of a reservoir to meet water elevation and flood protection objectives. In this context, a hybrid operating strategy to retain maximum water elevation is built by shifting between daily and hourly decisions depending on real time runoff forecasts. First, a daily hydro-meteorological rule based reservoir simulation model (HRM) is developed for both water supply and flood control risk. Then, for the possibility of a flood occurrence, hourly flood control rule based reservoir simulation model (FRM) is used. The DSS is applied on Yuvac?k Dam Basin which has a flood potential due to its steep topography, snow potential, mild and rainy climate in Turkey. Numerical weather prediction based runoff forecasts computed by a hydrological model together with developed reservoir operation policy are put into actual practice for real time operation of the reservoir for March – June, 2012. According to the evaluations, proposed DSS is found to be practical and valuable to overcome subjective decisions about reservoir storage.     

现代水库洪水调度系统研究

国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室自1998年以来,组织有关院校、科研单位以及有关部门研究开发出水库洪水调度系统标准化“开发模板”,并进行了现实水库（群）洪水调度系统建设与开发试点。该系统经过1998年、1999年两个汛期的运行,其系统运行稳定,功能齐全,操作简单,使用方便,预报精度优良,调度方案合理,并在实际使用中取得了显著的经济效益。     

Partially and Fully Constrained Ant Algorithms for the Optimal Solution of Large Scale Reservoir Operation Problems

This paper presents a constrained formulation of the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACOA) for the optimization of large scale reservoir operation problems. ACO algorithms enjoy a unique feature namely incremental solution building capability. In ACO algorithms, each ant is required to make a decision at some points of the search space called decision points. If the constraints of the problem are of explicit type, then ants may be forced to satisfy the constraints when making decisions. This could be done via the provision of a tabu list for each ant at each decision point of the problem. This is very useful when attempting large scale optimization problem as it would lead to a considerable reduction of the search space size. Two different formulations namely partially constrained and fully constrained version of the proposed method are outlined here using Max-Min Ant System for the solution of reservoir operation problems. Two cases of simple and hydropower reservoir operation problems are considered with the storage volumes taken as the decision variables of the problems. In the partially constrained version of the algorithm, knowing the value of the storage volume at an arbitrary decision point, the continuity equation is used to provide a tabu list for the feasible options at the next decision point. The tabu list is designed such that commonly used box constraints for the release and storage volumes are simultaneously satisfied. In the second and fully constrained algorithm, the box constraints of storage volumes at each period are modified prior to the main calculation such that ants will not have any chance of making infeasible decision in the search process. The proposed methods are used to optimally solve the problem of simple and hydropower operation of “Dez” reservoir in Iran and the results are presented and compared with the conventional unconstrained ACO algorithm. The results indicate the ability of the proposed methods to optimally solve large scale reservoir operation problems where the conventional heuristic methods fail to even find a feasible solution.     

新立城水库水雨情自动测报系统可靠性的改进措施及效果分析

本文介绍了新立城水库水雨情自动测报系统在更新改造中针对原系统存在的可靠性不高问题,分析产生原因,采取了一些有效的改进措施,经实际运行证明效果很好.     

水库自动化系统防雷技术

随着水利自动化系统的不断发展和推广,各大水库陆续建立起自己的自动监测系统,水库是雷电发生频繁地区.这对自动化系统的安全产生很大的威胁.对水库自动化系统防雷技术包括电源防雷、通讯防雷、信号防雷和中心控制室的防雷做了详细的介绍,有利于提高水库自动化系统运行的安全性和可靠性.该技术成功地应用在辽宁省大伙房水库和柴河等各大水库自动化系统中,运行效果良好.     

基于SKYLINE的水库三维管理系统

为了增强水库安全管理的直观性,利用Skyline三维地理建模软件和3DSMAX三维建模软件,通过遥感影像和数字高程模型(DEM)的叠加以及三维模型数据的加载,研制了水库安全运行三维管理系统。系统由三维浏览功能、水库业务管理和水库政务管理等功能模块组成。示范应用表明水库三维管理有效地管理了水库相关信息,有助于政府部门决策及水库管理人员对水库及其周边环境的了解,提高有关部门的管理效率和科学决策水平。     

基于Web的实时水库洪水调度自动化系统

利用Visual Studio．NET集成开发环境、采用SQL Server数据库设计和开发了结构合理、功能齐全、界面友好、具有很强实用性的基于Web的水库洪水调度系统，可实现在Internet环境下从卫星云图、气象预报信息、水雨情实时信息、防洪工情信息的收集处理到水库洪水预报调度方案的制定、评价与优选及防汛会商决策。简要介绍了系统结构和功能、运行环境、规范化和标准化设计，提出了解决问题的途径和方法。     

于桥水库洪水调度系统

根据于桥水库洪水调度系统的发展概况,着重介绍了于桥水库洪水调度系统的最新组成情况,详细论述了该系统所包含的6个子系统,即数据采休子系统、数据处理子系统、水量自动计量子系统、洪水预报与洪水调度子系统、语言查询子系统、信息发布于子系统的功能、特点、设备配置、工作模式、工作原理以及工作内容。     

Multi-Objective Optimization of the Reservoir System Operation by Using the Hedging Policy

In the present study the WEAP-NSGA-II coupling model was developed in order to apply the hedging policy in a two-reservoir system, including Gavoshan and Shohada dams, located in the west of Iran. For this purpose after adjusting the input files of WEAP model, it was calibrated and verified for a statistical period of 4 and 2 years respectively (2008 till 2013). Then periods of water shortage were simulated for the next 20 years by defining a reference scenario and applying the operation policy based on the current situation. Finally, the water released from reservoirs was optimized based on the hedging policy and was compared with the reference scenario in coupled models. To ensure the superiority of the proposed method, its results was compared with the results of two well-known multi-objective algorithms called PESA-II and SPEA-II. Results show that NSGA-II algorithm is able to generate a better Pareto front in terms of minimizing the objective functions in compare with PESA-II and SPEA-II algorithms. An improvement of about 20% in the demand site coverage reliability of the optimum scenario was obtained in comparison with the reference scenario for the months with a higher water shortage. In addition, considering the hedging policy, the demand site coverage in the critical months increased about 35% in compared with the reference scenario.     

分布式光纤测温系统在西龙池水库监测渗流

分布式光纤温度传感系统是近年来发展起来的一种用于实时测量空间温度场分布的传感系统。它是一种分布式的、连续的、功能型光纤温度传感器。文中简述了分布式光纤温度传感测量系统的基本原理和将其应用于沥青混凝土面板坝渗流测量的一种方法。     

石佛寺水库综合自动化系统集成框架及关键技术研究

针对石佛寺水库各子系统相对独立的问题,对石佛寺水库的系统集成问题进行了研究。根据石佛寺水库的系统现状和用户需求,设计了详细的系统总体框架和系统体系结构,并对系统集成过程中遇到的关键问题制定了相应的解决方案。为水库的信息化集成提供了一个有效的解决思路。系统采用开放的、基于J2EE标准的设计方案,提供了强大的服务器端Java技术支持,保证应用系统的跨平台要求。采用数据元标准化解决了水库及跨部门的信息共享问题,为水库的管理决策和水库各单位提供了科学准确的信息。采用XML的信息交换系统使各个孤立、数据源异构的子系统耦合成了一个有机的整体,各子系统只需安装相应的信息交换插件和映射关系数据,就可轻松实现信息交换。异构数据源集成后保证了系统的集成性、一致性、完整性、和访问安全性。     

水库大坝渗流安全监测系统的设计

大坝是水库组成的重点结构,由于不同时间段水库贮存量大小不一,大坝结构承受了不同程度的冲击力。渗流现象是水库大坝常见的现象,其会导致大坝结构出现不同的渗漏问题,降低了混凝土结构的稳定性。从水库大坝的安全角度考虑,在设计大坝构造时需配备相对应的安全监测系统,防止大坝渗流过多破坏了坝体结构。ADMS系统具有强大的数据分析功能,针对这一点,采用了ADMS系统作为安全监测的主导系统,分析了水库大坝渗流安全的相关问题。     

系统工程在水库调度中的应用初析

概述了系统工程理论方法在水库调度中的应用现状,提出了水库调度研究中系统工程将要面对和需要解决的若干新理论和应用问题.     

基于FDDI的水库运行监控系统设计

将传统意义上的大坝安全自动监测与评价系统、水情自动测报系统、闸门自动监控等系统采用网络结构实现统一后,结合办公自动化组成了一套完整的水库监控自动化系统。文章给出了典型系统结构和数据流程,同时对有关技术问题进行了探讨。