Pairwise Optimal Weight Realization—Acceleration Technique for Set-Theoretic Adaptive Parallel Subgradient Projection Algorithm

The adaptive parallel subgradient projection (PSP) algorithm was proposed in 2002 as a set-theoretic adaptive filtering algorithm providing fast and stable convergence, robustness against noise, and low computational complexity by using weighted parallel projections onto multiple time-varying closed half-spaces. In this paper, we present a novel weighting technique named pairwise optimal weight realization (POWER) for further acceleration of the adaptive PSP algorithm. A simple closed-form formula is derived to compute the projection onto the intersection of two closed half-spaces defined by a triplet of vectors. Using the formula inductively, the proposed weighting technique realizes a good direction of update. The resulting weights turn out to be pairwise optimal in a certain sense. The proposed algorithm has the inherently parallel structure composed of q primitive functions, hence its total computational complexity O(qrN) is reduced to O(rN) with q concurrent processors (r: a constant positive integer). Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed technique for r=1 yields significantly faster convergence than not only adaptive PSP with uniform weights, affine projection algorithm, and fast Newton transversal filters but also the regularized recursive least squares algorithm     

Adaptive threshold nonlinear algorithm for adaptive filters withrobustness against impulse noise

A new adaptation algorithm for adaptive filters is proposed, introducing “adaptive threshold” in the nonlinear correlation function. The adaptive threshold controlled by the long-term average of the error signal power makes the filtering system highly robust against impulse noise, which is demonstrated by the results of simulation and theoretical calculation     

Robust M-estimate adaptive filtering

An M-estimate adaptive filter for robust adaptive filtering in impulse noise is proposed. Instead of using the conventional least-square cost function, a new cost function based on an M-estimator is used to suppress the effect of impulse noise on the filter weights. The resulting optimal weight vector is governed by an M-estimate normal equation. A recursive least M-estimate (RLM) adaptive algorithm and a robust threshold estimation method are derived for solving this equation. The mean convergence performance of the proposed algorithm is also analysed using the modified Huber (1981) function (a simple but good approximation to the Hampel's three-parts-redescending M-estimate function) and the contaminated Gaussian noise model. Simulation results show that the proposed RLM algorithm has better performance than other recursive least squares (RLS) like algorithms under either a contaminated Gaussian or alpha-stable noise environment. The initial convergence, steady-state error, robustness to system change and computational complexity are also found to be comparable to the conventional RLS algorithm under Gaussian noise alone     

A robust model reference adaptive control for nonminimum phase systems

In this paper, a new direct model reference adaptive control method for nonminimum phase systems is presented. The parameter estimation scheme combines adaptive data filtering with a recursive least-squares algorithm with parameter projection and signal normalization. The problem of minimum phase of the plant is handled by adaptive input output data filtering. This data filtering permits one to relocate the reros of the plant estimated model inside the unit circle and to define a good data model, which is a key issue for robust control. The scheme robustness with respect to unmodeled dynamics is also simultaneously improved. The performance of the control algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples.     

An effective 2-stage method for removing impulse noise in images

In this paper, a robust 2-stage impulse noise removal system is proposed to remove impulse noise from extremely corrupted images. The contributions are in two-fold. First, a neuro-fuzzy based impulse noise detector (NFIDET) is introduced to identify the noisy pixels. NFIDET is a powerful noise detector that can handle image corruption even up to 90% with zero miss and false detection rate with a simple neuro-fuzzy structure. This is the best result among the other impulse noise detectors in the literature. Second, this paper presents a new approach for weight calculation of adaptive weighted mean filter by using robust statistical model. An adaptive robust weighted mean (ARWM) filter removes a detected noisy pixel by adaptively determining filtering window size and replacing a noisy pixel with the weighted mean of the noise-free pixels in its window. A Geman–McClure robust estimation function is used to estimate the weights of the pixels. Simulation results also show that the proposed robust filter substantially outperforms many other existing algorithms in terms of image restoration.     

An adaptive digital image watermark algorithm based on gray-scale morphology

An adaptive digital image watermark algorithm with strong robustness based on gray-scale morphology is proposed in this paper. The embedded strategies include: The algorithm seeks and ex-tracts adaptively the image strong texture regions. The algorithm maps the image strong texture region to the wavelet tree structures, and embeds adaptively watermark into the wavelet coefficients corre-sponding to the image’s strong texture regions. According to the visual masking features, the algorithm adjusts adaptively the watermark-embedding intensity. Experimental results show the algorithm is robust to compression, filtering, noise as well as strong shear attacks. The algorithm is blind watermark scheme. The image strong texture region extraction method based on morphology in this algorithm is simple and effective and adaptive to various images.     

非线性Volterra系统的总体全解耦自适应滤波

研究输入、输出观测数据均受噪声干扰时的非线性Volterra系统的全解耦自适应滤波问题.基于总体最小二乘技术和Volterra滤波器的伪线性组合结构,运用约束优化问题的分析方法研究Volterra滤波过程,从而建立了一种总体全解耦自适应滤波算法.并建立了分析该算法收敛性能的参数反馈调整模型,分析表明,该算法可使各阶Volterra核稳定地收敛到真值.仿真实验的结果表明,当输入、输出观测数据均受噪声干扰时,总体全解耦自适应滤波算法的鲁棒抗噪性能和滤波精度均优于全解耦LMS自适应滤波算法.     

Adaptive Detection of Signals in Impulsive Noise Environments

A detector structure and an adaptive algorithm are proposed for the reception of signals in noise backgrounds possessing broad-tailed probability distributions typical of impulsive noise. The adaptive detector combines the best features of linear matched filtering and hard-limiting receiver structures resulting in a small-signal SNR performance which is an improvement over either of these detectors alone. Furthermore, the adaptive detector is relatively easy to implement and is shown to provide efficient and robust performance for a wide range of underlying noise distributions.     

一种基于多尺度核学习的仿射投影滤波算法

为了提高强非线性信号的噪声消除和信道均衡能力,在核学习自适应滤波方法的基础上,该文提出一种基于惊奇准则的多尺度核学习仿射投影滤波方法(SC-MKAPA)。在核仿射投影滤波算法的基础上,对核组合函数结构进行改进,将多个不同高斯核带宽作为可变参数,与加权系数共同参与滤波器的更新;利用惊奇准则将计算结果稀疏化,根据仿射投影算法的约束条件对惊奇测度进行改进,简化其方差项,降低了计算的复杂度。将该算法应用于噪声消除、信道均衡以及MG时间序列预测中,与多种自适应滤波算法及核学习自适应滤波算法进行仿真结果的对比分析,验证了该算法的优越性。     

A Novel Normalized Sign Algorithm for System Identification Under Impulsive Noise Interference

To overcome the performance degradation of adaptive filtering algorithms in the presence of impulsive noise, a novel normalized sign algorithm (NSA) based on a convex combination strategy, called NSA-NSA, is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is capable of solving the conflicting requirement of fast convergence rate and low steady-state error for an individual NSA filter. To further improve the robustness to impulsive noises, a mixing parameter updating formula based on a sign cost function is derived. Moreover, a tracking weight transfer scheme of coefficients from a fast NSA filter to a slow NSA filter is proposed to speed up the convergence rate. The convergence behavior and performance of the new algorithm are verified by theoretical analysis and simulation studies.     

基于M估计变步长自适应仿射投影算法的稳健时延估计

该文提出了一种基于M估计变步长自适应仿射投影方法的稳健时延估计(TDE)算法。该算法将自适应仿射投影算法应用于时延估计,无须事先假定信号和噪声的统计特性,自适应调整自身参数;应用稳健M估计理论,抵消重尾噪声干扰。数值仿真表明,在高斯噪声、非高斯噪声甚至冲激噪声的干扰下,该文算法比高阶统计量法和最小均方自适应法有更强的稳健性和更高的估计精度。     

Robust motion estimation for night-shooting videos using dual-accumulated constraint warping

This paper introduces a novel concept of dual-accumulated constraint projection warping, as a robust and efficient motion estimation solution for night video stabilization. Small imaging-sensors used in compact hand-held cameras become very prone to noise and blur under low illumination condition. Restricted lighting results in dark boundaries and degrades textural information of the frame. Presence of these combined textural artifacts makes night-shooting a hard problem for accurate motion estimation. At poor lighting, local intensity variations result in failure of inter-frame feature or block matching correspondence. In the proposed technique, use of projection ensures accuracy under local perturbations, noise and blur conditions, while dual-accumulation eliminates the effect of dark-regions adding robustness to night-shooting condition. Efficiency of the proposed algorithm over the existing motion estimation techniques is tested and verified over different categories of night shooting videos. In addition to night video stabilization the proposed scheme also performs well under normal illumination.     

鲁棒总体均方最小自适应滤波:算法与分析

本文研究了在输入输出观测数据均含有噪声的情况下如何有效地进行鲁棒自适应滤波的问题.以总体均方误差(TMSE)最小为准则,基于最速下降原理,通过对总体均方误差梯度进行修正,提出了一种鲁棒的总体均方最小自适应滤波算法.通过与已有算法的对比分析表明,该算法能够有效地降低权向量的每步调整量对噪声的敏感程度.仿真实验的结果进一步表明,该算法的鲁棒抗噪性能和稳态收敛精度明显地高于其它同类方法,而且可以使用较大的学习因子,在高噪声环境下仍然保持良好的收敛性.     

基于最优导频的自适应Kalman滤波信道估计方法

针对时变信道中的子载波间干扰(ICI)和噪声的统计模型不准确引起的滤波发散问题,介绍了一种基于最优导频预滤波的自适应Kalman联合算法。该算法通过使用最优导频滤除ICI,获得理想信道初始状态,然后将其作为Kalman滤波初始信息在时域上进行自适应Kalman信道估计。最后仿真实验表明,和传统的基于导频的Kalman滤波(KF)算法相比,该方法能有效抑制KF发散和改善信道估计精度。     

偏差补偿比例互相关熵算法

为了解决输入信号含有噪声和非高斯输出噪声的稀疏系统辨识问题,本文提出一种偏差补偿比例更新互相关熵算法。基于互相关熵的自适应滤波算法可以消除非高斯噪声的影响, 进一步应用无偏准则来解决含噪输入信号带来的估计偏差问题。另外,将比例更新机制引入算法,通过自适应调节步长参数以增强算法的跟踪性能。仿真结果表明所提算法对于输入信号受噪声干扰和非高斯输出噪声环境下的稀疏系统辨识问题具有强的鲁棒性和稳态性能。      

Video Block Motion Estimation Based on Gray-Code Kernels

Motion in modern video coders is estimated using a block matching algorithm that calculates the distance and direction of motion on a block-by-block basis. In this paper, a novel fast block-based motion estimation algorithm is proposed. This algorithm uses an efficient projection framework that bounds the distance between a template block and candidate blocks. Fast projection is performed using a family of highly efficient filter kernels-the gray-code kernels-requiring only 2 operations per pixel per kernel. The projection framework is combined with a rejection scheme which allows rapid rejection of candidate blocks that are distant from the template block. The tradeoff between computational complexity and quality of results can be easily controlled in the proposed algorithm; thus, it enables adaptivity to image content to further improve the results. Experiments show that the proposed adaptive algorithm outperforms other popular fast motion estimation algorithms.     

一种基于离散余弦变换与奇异值分解的数字图像水印算法

结合奇异值分解（SVD）和离散余弦变换（OCT）的特点,提出了一种基于离散余弦交换与奇异值分解的数字图像水印算法.该算法能够很好地解决透明性和鲁棒性之间的矛盾.算法中采用经过置乱变换的灰度图作为水印,不仅增加了嵌入的信息量,而且提高了水印的安全性.实验结果表明,该算法不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对常见攻击如：叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、滤波以及几何攻击等具有较好的鲁棒性.     

改进权值算法在物联网噪声过滤中应用

提出了一种自适应线性权值算法过滤传感网散粒噪声,算法首先提取散粒噪声的特征参数,然后对参数进行线性迭代变换,计算获得自适应权值参数,从而有效实现对散粒噪声的过滤。实验结果表明,该算法能过滤传感网中的散粒噪声,且效果良好。     

脉冲噪声图像的中-均值滤波算法

由于在图像信息的获取和传输过程中,图像常常受到不同程度的脉冲噪声污染。为了有效地去除高浓度脉冲噪声,提出了一种基于中－均值滤波器的噪声去除算法。该方法根据脉冲噪声特点,设定一个简单的噪声检测算子,根据噪声检测结果设定自适应滤波窗口,同时根据噪声密度选择中值和均值滤波器。为了更加有效地保留图像的原有信息,对非噪声点不做滤波处理。仿真结果表明,所提出的中－均值滤波方法不仅能有效地去除高浓度的脉冲噪声,而且能很好地保留图像的原有信息,并具有较短的滤波处理时间。     

基于新息的自适应增量Kalman滤波器

在一定环境条件下,当系统的量测方程没有进行验证或校准时,使用该量测方程往往会产生未知的系统误差,从而导致较大的滤波误差。增量方程的引入可以有效解决欠观测系统的状态估计问题。该文考虑带未知噪声统计的线性离散增量系统,首先提出一种基于新息的噪声统计估计算法。可以得到系统噪声统计的无偏估计。进而,提出一种新的增量系统自适应Kalman滤波算法。相比已有的自适应增量滤波算法,该文所提算法得到的状态估计精度更高。两个仿真实例证明了其有效性和可行性。