Effect of varying the vitamin E allowance on the contractile function of the heart muscle

Experimental rats received diets containing varying amounts of vitamin E (100, 12.5 and 0 mg alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg food) during 4 months. It was found that although subnormal intake (12.5 mg/kg) of DL-alpha-tocopherol resulted in a 60% decrease of its concentration in the rat blood serum, it induced a significant lowering in the hemolytic stability of red blood cells, pronounced impairment of the rats' myocardial contractile function was observed as compared to the animals which received optimal doses of the vitamin (100 mg/kg food). The impairment was expressed in a decrease of the tension developed, depression of Starling's curve (the ratio between the initial length and the tension developed), the lowering of the myocardial resistance to Ca2+ excess, resulting in a more rapid development of the calcium-induced contracture. An increased vitamin E deficiency (0 mg DL-alpha-tocopherol/kg food), an 11-fold lowering of tocopherol concentration in the blood and a drastically enhanced hemolysis of red blood cells did not lead to a further impairment of the myocardial contractile function parameters studied.     

Characteristics of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and vitamin D allowance in the Far North

Examination of children aged 3 to 17 years and adult population including parturients living in Naryan-Mar and northern settlements of the Nenets national district revealed the reduced calcium and elevated phosphorus concentrations in the blood serum of the examinees as compared with respective parameters in analogous population groups living in the middle zone of Russia (Moscow and Kazan). These changes, particularly marked in winter and spring, are determined by national and local features of the diet poor in calcium and containing excess amount of phosphorus. The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood serum of the population living in the Extreme North was 2 times lower than that in the population of the middle zone, constituting 15-20 and 30-40 ng/ml, respectively. The reason for a lower vitamin D supply in the North is insufficient insulation.     

The vitamin allowance and vitamin requirements of the operators of a chemical plant in the city of Rustavi

Excretion of thiamine, riboflavin, N1-methyl nicotinamide and ascorbic acid with urine, TDP-effect, ascorbic acid and vitamin A content in the blood have shown higher vitamin requirements in the operators, as compared to subjects of the control group, this was caused by unfavourable effects of the chemical factors of the production environment. The levels of the biochemical parameters characterizing normal providing of the operators with vitamins could be achieved by additional vitamins administered to the workers (2 dragees of "Hexavitum").     

The vitamin B6 allowance of hypertension patients and the effect of dietotherapy

A total of 111 patients with essential hypertension (the II stage) and obesity (the II degree) were investigated for providing with vitamin B6. The functional methods used for the vitamin assay (ACT activity of red blood cells and pyrodoxale-5-phosphate effect) have revealed significant vitamin B6 deficiency in 81.1% of the patients. Vitamin B6 deficiency was intensified in the course of the dietotherapy. Correction of vitamin B6 deficiency with a therapeutic dose of pyridoxine (20 mg/day) during 20-22 days, in the presence of the diet, has promoted optimization of providing with vitamin B6: normalization of pyrodoxale-5-phosphate effect. The hypotensive effect and decrease of excessive body mass in patients who received dietotherapy and pyridoxine (20 mg/day) were more pronounced than in those who received the same diet and the multivitamin "Undevitum".     

高效液相色谱法测定植物油中的VK1

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定植物油中VK1含量的方法。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX Rx-SIL正向色谱柱,以80%正己烷-20%异丙醇为流动相,流速为0.5mL/min,PDA检测波长250nm。结果:VK1浓度在0.5～30μg/mL范围内,峰面积与含量具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9998);方法的精密度良好,相对标准偏差为1.2%,加标回收率为91.8%。结论:样品前处理操作简单、分离效果好、保留时间缩短。可作为植物油中VK1含量的一种快速检测方法。     

The vitamin E allowance of rats on different combinations of sunflower and soybean oils in their diets

Soybean oil and its combinations with sunflower oil, as 1:1 and 1:3, were used in the rations intended for rats. As it is evidenced by the data on the content of tocopherol in the tissues, malonic dialdehide in the liver, diene conjugates in the liver and red blood cells, and red blood cell resistance, the fatty products used in the rations sufficiently provided the animals with antioxidants. The role of tocopherol isomers and phosphatides, as synergists of antioxidants in varying combinations of soybean and sunflower oils, formed for simultaneous intake of linoleic and linolenic acids with the ration, has been analyzed.     

基于维生素E组成的植物油掺棕榈油鉴别研究

目的 建立基于维生素E组成的植物油掺棕榈油鉴别方法。方法 采用正相高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法测定大豆油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、玉米油、棕榈油等植物油中α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚和α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育三烯酚8种维生素E组成,使用主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）构建植物油品种识别和掺假油鉴别模型。结果 不同种类植物油中的生育酚和生育三烯酚的组成差异很大,棕榈油中含高水平的生育三烯酚,这成为其区别于其他5种植物油的一个重要特点。结合PCA可以将棕榈油、葵花籽油、大豆油、橄榄油等相互区分开来。采用PCA建立了针对菜籽油、大豆油、橄榄油、葵花籽油、玉米油中掺棕榈油的鉴别模型,当棕榈油掺杂浓度大于等于25%时,模型可准确识别出掺假油。结论 采用正相液相色谱-荧光检测方法测定植物油中α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚和α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育三烯酚8种维生素E组成,结合化学计量学法,可实现对常见植物油掺棕榈油的鉴别。     

HPLC法同时测定植物油中维生素A和不同构型维生素E含量

以石油醚为溶剂,用索氏提取法提取了黑芝麻、白花生、黑花生、葵花籽、大豆、棉花籽的油脂。油样品先用正己烷溶解,然后用甲醇定容,其中正己烷含量为20%(v/v),用Hypersil ODS2 5μm色谱柱,甲醇为流动相,对所提油脂中维生素A、α-维生素E、γ-(β)维生素E、δ-维生素E含量进行检测。实验结果表明,在204nm波长下,维生素A、α-维生素E、γ-(β)维生素E、δ-维生素E在0~200μg/m L范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,标准曲线相关系数r均大于0.9978。维生素A、α-维生素E、γ-(β)维生素E、δ-维生素E加标平均回收率分别为97.83%、98.58%、98.75%、99.93%。     

HPLC法同时测定植物油中维生素A和不同构型维生素E含量

以石油醚为溶剂,用索氏提取法提取了黑芝麻、白花生、黑花生、葵花籽、大豆、棉花籽的油脂。油样品先用正己烷溶解,然后用甲醇定容,其中正己烷含量为20%（v/v）,用Hypersil ODS2 5μm色谱柱,甲醇为流动相,对所提油脂中维生素A、α-维生素E、γ-（β）维生素E、δ-维生素E含量进行检测。实验结果表明,在204nm波长下,维生素A、α-维生素E、γ-（β）维生素E、δ-维生素E在0²00μg/m L范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,标准曲线相关系数r均大于0.9978。维生素A、α-维生素E、γ-（β）维生素E、δ-维生素E加标平均回收率分别为97.83%、98.58%、98.75%、99.93%。      

不同食用植物油中维生素E组分及含量研究

通过对9个不同品种的138个食用植物油样品中维生素E组分及含量的测定,分析研究不同食用植物油中维生素E组分及含量的分布情况。结果表明:9个油脂品种、101个一级油样品中维生素E含量范围为5.9~1 246.6 mg/kg,平均值652.4 mg/kg,维生素E总量的平均值排序为大豆油棉籽油玉米油葵花籽油菜籽油米糠油花生油芝麻油山茶油;不同油脂样品中维生素E的组分有明显差别,米糠油含有最齐全的8种维生素E组分,并且生育三烯酚含量的平均值占维生素E总量平均值的44.2%;玉米油含有3种生育酚和2种生育三烯酚,棉籽油中含有3种生育酚和1种生育三烯酚,但这两种油脂中生育三烯酚含量平均值分别仅占维生素E总量平均值的5.8%和2.8%;大豆油、菜籽油、花生油、葵花籽油均含有α-、γ-、δ-生育酚3种组分;山茶油中含有α-、γ-生育酚2种组分;芝麻油仅含有γ-生育酚1种组分。除芝麻油之外,所有油脂中均含有α-生育酚和γ-生育酚,其中葵花籽油中α-生育酚含量最高,大豆油中γ-生育酚含量最高。同一油脂品种、不同等级的油脂中维生素E含量也存在差异,总体趋势是维生素E含量随油脂精炼程度的加深而降低,但个别二级菜籽油样品中维生素E含量低于一级菜籽油,这与所采集油脂样品的来源不同有关。不同油脂品种、不同等级的食用植物油中维生素E组分及含量因油料品种、油脂精炼工艺的不同显示出明显差异。     

超高效合相色谱(UPC^(2))技术快速测定植物油中的维生素A和维生素E北大核心CSCD

为了使植物油中脂溶性维生素E异构体得到更好的分离,建立一种超高效合相色谱(UPC^(2))快速分离和测定植物油中维生素A和维生素E的方法。样品经异丙醇溶解,过0.22μm有机相滤膜后直接进样分析。分析条件为HSS C_(18)SB色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm, 1.8μm),CO_(18)和0.2%甲酸甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温50℃,检测波长290 nm。结果表明:维生素A和维生素E在测定范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0.999 5及以上,样品回收率为82.00%~106.82%,RSD在0.94%~3.57%之间,日内精密度与日间精密度的RSD分别为1.94%~3.51%与3.74%~5.13%,并采用已建立的方法对26份植物油样品中的维生素A和维生素E含量进行测定,表明植物油中维生素E含量最高,其中以α-生育酚和γ-生育酚为主,β-生育酚含量较低。该方法简单高效、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于植物油中脂溶性维生素A和维生素E的分离检测。     

Enzymatic activity of xenobiotic metabolism in rats with a varying body allowance of vitamin B1

Vitamin B1 in rats induced in the liver elevation of activity of metabolic enzymes of xenobiotics bound with membranes (dimethylaniline N-demethylase, aniline n-hydroxylase, aryl esterase). At the same time activity of the cytoplasmatic enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase was appreciably lowered. An additional load with thiamine (20 mg/kg) led to a drop in activity of the membrane-bound enzymes. Vitamin B1 deficiency modified the effect of the inductor phenobarbital. Additional administration of vitamin B1 to thiamine-deficient animals normalized the thiamine level in the liver, and activity of hydroxylase, aryl esterase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and significantly decreased demethylase activity. In vitamin B1-deficient animals high detergent concentrations significantly suppressed NADH-dichlorophenol-indophenol-reductase activity, while low concentrations activated this enzyme as compared to the control.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定植物油中8种维生素E异构体

为准确、快速地测定植物油中8种维生素E异构体,建立了均质快速提取法结合反相高效液相色谱法同时测定植物油中8种维生素E异构体的方法,并采用该方法对14种常见植物油进行测定。结果表明:与传统的皂化法和固相萃取法比较,均质快速提取法前处理快速简便,测定准确度和精密度高,重现性好;8种维生素E异构体在15 min内可以实现良好分离;在0.5~10μg/mL质量浓度范围内8种维生素E异构体线性关系良好(R²>0.999),检出限为0.02~0.05μg/mL,定量限为0.07~0.17μg/mL,相对标准偏差在2.48%~5.79%之间,加标回收率在90.00%~110.00%之间;不同食用植物油中生育酚和生育三烯酚的种类和含量存在明显差异。建立的均质快速提取法结合反相高效液相色谱法适用于植物油中8种维生素E异构体的同时测定。     

常规加热和微波加热对两种植物油维生素E含量的影响

目的 研究常规加热和微波加热两种加热方式对植物油中维生素E的8种异构体的影响。方法 大豆油、棕榈油进行常规加热和微波加热后, 用异辛烷进行超声提取, 最后用正相高压液相色谱法测定。结果 两种加热方式都会使植物油中维生素E的含量降低, 其中微波加热对维生素E的影响更大。结论 加热时间过长会影响植物油的品质, 同时也能通过对植物油中维生素E的检测推论该植物油是否经过加热处理。     

The vitamin allowance of the pupils in a rural vocational and technical school and their prophylactic vitaminization]

The actual nutrition and providing with vitamins C and B1 was studied in boys aged 16-17 years, students of a rural trade school (Volsk of Saratov Province). Although the caloric value of their ration was high enough the content of animal proteins was only 42-48 g/day. The content of ascorbic acid in the ration comprised 48%, in the spring of 1987 it was 17%, and of 1988-29% of the recommended standard, vitamin B1 levels did not show seasonal differences. Vitamin C and B1 deficiencies in the spring were proved by their low excretion levels in urine, and by a low concentration of vitamin C and decreased activity of B1-dependent enzyme transketolase in the blood. Intake of "Undevitum" (1 dragee/day) during 4 months was conductive to the improvement of the student providing with vitamins.     

The vitamin status of miners working at deep levels and its correction

Providing with ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and niacin was studied in miners at deep levels before and after intake of correcting doses of vitamins. Enrichment of the food ration with vitamins produced a positive effect on the working capacity of the miners under study. The levels of vitamin consumption (vitamin-energy coefficients) have been estimated correcting the vitamin balance in miners working at deep levels.     

尾菜有机肥对土壤肥力及圆白菜和小茴香产量和品质的影响

目的 研究尾菜有机肥对土壤肥力及圆白菜和小茴香的产量与品质的影响。方法 采用不同量尾菜有机肥和商品有机肥对比的方法研究尾菜有机肥对土壤及蔬菜的影响。 结果 尾菜有机肥能提升土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,与CK差异达显著水平;与CK相比,施用尾菜有机肥后,圆白菜增产幅度为5.51%~19.74%,小茴香为6.20%~14.84%。结论 确定了尾菜有机肥用量的适宜用量为每公顷使用45吨尾菜有机肥,为蔬菜尾菜资源化利用提供理论依据。     

大户种植对烟叶生产可持续发展的影响

摘要:随机抽取部分烤烟大户和常规种植农户进行调查,分析了种植大户在经济效益、社会效益和生态效益方面对烟叶生产可持续发展的促进作用,并结合实际,提出了培育和发展烤烟种植大户需要重点解决的问题及应采取的对策和措施,旨在探索新形势下烟叶生产的有利形式,为其可持续发展提供参考。       

The vitamin D allowance of premature infants and their phosphorus-calcium metabolic status with different types of feeding and rickets prevention

The content of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium and phosphorus in blood serum was measured in 80 premature infants aged 12 to 120 days depending on the type of feeding and rickets prevention. Administration of vitamin D in a dose of 400 IU and increase of calcium consumption up to 110-120 mg and of phosphorus to 45-57 mg per kg body weight at the expense of calcinated cottage introduction into the diet provide for the optimal levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium in the blood of these children. Administration of calcium and phosphorus to children receiving breast feeding in doses of 80-90 and 33-37 mg/kg, respectively, is not sufficient for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis and endogenous supply with vitamin D even if the latter is given prophylactically. When children are fed with the mixture Maliutka, the maximal permissible dose of vitamin D may amount to 800 IU a day. Administration of vitamin D in a dose of 3750 IU is fraught with a danger of hypervitaminosis D in the presence of high alimentary supply with calcium and phosphorus and does not make calcium homeostasis return to normal in the presence of low supply with these mineral substances.