雾沫夹带对蒸馏塔板效率的影响

在塔板上液体完全混合的条件下,雾沫夹带对蒸馏塔板效率的影响,导出了一个新的关系式.著名的Colburn关系式是本文关系式的一种特殊情况(λ_o=1).计算结果表明,用于校正雾沫夹带对塔板效率的影响,本文关系式与Colburn关系式相比,具有较小的误差.     

气相夹带对蒸馏塔板效率的影响

本文给出了在完全泡沫状态或以泡沫为主的混合状态下进行蒸馏操作时包括气相夹带的板效率模型,导出了Lewis的第一、第二和第三种情况的板效率计算式,讨论了气相夹带对板效率的影响,并与FRI的实验值作了比较.     

效率的不肯定性和蒸馏塔的过量设计因素

把概率论应用于二元塔的设计以估算计及级效率中的不肯定性的过量设计因素。从美国化学工程师协会的关联式导出的Murphree蒸汽效率,被证明为把观察的效率过多预测了平均5％。E_(obad)/E_(Pred)比有一个约为0.11的估计标准误差。效率被假设为平常分布的,而对于要做的分离所要求的级数的大致统计分布是用Monte Carlo模拟法取得的。对于系统设计有90％信心来说,在1.07到1.28范围内的过量设计因     

浅谈车身四门两盖胶泡的改善

为了改善解决四门两盖胶的缺陷问题,运用鱼骨刺图的分析方法对影响因素进行分析筛选和验证.结果 表明:在四门包边工艺中,焊装折边胶与包边的距离、折边胶的胶径以及包边厚度是导致密封胶胶泡的主要影响因素.通过对焊装折边胶与包边的距离、折边胶的胶径以及包边厚度进行控制调整,最终将涂装四门两盖单台胶泡数量由6个降低至0.5个,实际...     

蒸馏塔工艺设计

简述唐山三友集团重碱生产中7^#馏塔工程的设计过程，并对其中的难点进行讨论。     

原油蒸馏塔的模拟计算

在深入研究石油馏分虚拟组分切割方法的基础上，按照原油常压蒸馏塔的工艺原理，提出了联合使用BP法和SR法，以功能模块组合的流程模拟法求解原油常压蒸馏塔的新途径。它具有收敛性好、计算精度高等特点，为进一步实现原油常压蒸馏塔的优化和炼油厂全流程的模拟与优化奠定了基础。     

新型焦油蒸馏塔

正本实用新型涉及一种焦油蒸馏过程中生产中温沥青同时得到二蒽油的新型焦油蒸馏塔,包括塔体、原料入口、塔顶酚油气相出口、酚油液相回流入口、萘油采出口、洗油采出口、一蒽油采出口、二蒽油采出口、塔板、中温沥青排出口,其特征在于,所述的焦油蒸馏塔的塔板数量为62～75块,二蒽油采出口位于塔体侧部;中温沥青排出口位于塔釜下部。所述的二蒽油采出口设置于距离蒸馏塔顶部60～71块塔板处。该装置通过     

分段螺纹式塑料瓶盖的模具设计

设计分析了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)分段螺纹式瓶盖的结构特点与成型工艺;详细介绍了应用Pro/E软件进行注射模结构设计的过程。该注射模采用热流道结构,模具动作平稳可靠,可实现自动化生产,生产效率高,塑件质量稳定。     

φ3.2m蒸馏塔与φ2.8m蒸馏塔对比

<正> 我厂原有φ2.8m蒸馏塔三台,在扩建时,为了满足提高产量的需要,将两台φ2.8m塔改为φ3.2m的塔,采用天津碱厂的图纸,并作了局部修改。此两台φ3.2m蒸馏塔已先后于1986年10月和12月投入生产,根据初步查定的情况,对φ3.2m塔(以下简称大塔)和φ2.8m塔(以下简称小塔)对比如下:     

泡罩齿缝张开程度与空气流量的关系

本文是前文的继续。利用空气-水系统,分别对矩形、三角形和梯形三种型式的单一齿缝进行实验,发现了前人工作的不足之处;并进一步考虑到泡罩的实际操作情况,指出在Rogers-Thiele积分式中,将泡罩环隙气速的影响予以忽略是不够妥当的。在此基础上,提出了具有环隙气速影响的积分式,并在具有矩形齿缝的单泡罩内,对相应的积分式加以验证。验证结果,当Re>2000时,齿缝张开程度的计算值与实验值相比,其最大偏差为±3％,表明该式尚能反映操作的实际情况。     

AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLID PARTICLES IN BUBBLE COLUMN SLURRY REACTORS IN THE BUBBLE FLOW REGIME

Physical mechanisms responsible for the suspension of solid particles in semi-batch bubble column slurry reactors in bubble flow are identified, thus allowing the classification of solids into four states: free, engaged, wake-entrained and captured particles. A theory is then presented to predict the axial distribution of solids when wake-entrained and captured particles are absent. Reasonable agreement is found between the theory and experimental data obtained in this work and those reported by otherinvestigators.     

AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLID PARTICLES IN BUBBLE COLUMN SLURRY REACTORS IN THE BUBBLE FLOW REGIME

Physical mechanisms responsible for the suspension of solid particles in semi-batch bubble column slurry reactors in bubble flow are identified, thus allowing the classification of solids into four states: free, engaged, wake-entrained and captured particles. A theory is then presented to predict the axial distribution of solids when wake-entrained and captured particles are absent. Reasonable agreement is found between the theory and experimental data obtained in this work and those reported by otherinvestigators.     

COUNTING EFFICIENCY OF THE API AEROSIZER

The Aerosizer (Amherst Process Instruments, Inc. Hadley MA) is a time-of-flight instrument frequently used to measure the size distribution of an aerosol. However, if the Aerosizer’s counting efficiency, defined as the number of particles counted divided by the total number entering the instrument, is not 100% or varies with particle size, the resulting size distribution will be inaccurate.Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of particle diameter, particle concentration, photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltage, and model type on the Aerosizer’s counting efficiency. To calculate counting efficiency, the number of particles between 0.3 and 10 μm recorded by the Aerosizer was divided by the number of particles of the same size collected on each stage of a cascade impactor.Particle diameter, aerosol concentration, Aerosizer model, PMT voltage, and the diameter interaction terms influenced counting efficiency. Counting efficiencies were less than 1% for particles smaller than 0.45 μm, and more than 100% for particles larger than 7 μm. Increasing the PMT voltage increased the counting efficiency for the smaller particles, but also created false, larger particles. Counting efficiency decreased as count rate increased for count rates greater than 20,000 particles per second. The Aerosizer LD counted particles more efficiently than the Aerosizer Mach 2 because of improved laser and optics systems. Four regression models that relate counting efficiency to the salient operating parameters were developed, one for each combination of Aerosizer model and photomultiplier tube voltage studied.     

淤浆鼓泡床中固体粒子的悬浮特性

研究了三相鼓泡床中的临界固含率,以空气作气相,水、乙醇-水、丙酮-水、萜松醇-二甲苯作液相,石英砂、煤、雷奈镍作为固相。分析了鼓泡柱的高径比、气体速度、固体粒子的大小和比重、液体的粘度对临界固含率的影响,提出了含有这些参数的无因次数群的关联式,讨论了本文提出的关联式和文献报导的差别。     

如何提高汽提塔的汽提效率

从氨汽提塔结构入手,分析塔内状况及物料分布对汽提效率遥影响,提出运行中如何改变汽提塔物料分布以提高汽提效率的方法。     

摩托车尾罩注塑模具设计

分析了摩托车尾罩的结构特点,介绍了该塑料件的注塑模具结构,以及该模具设计中浇注系统设计时面积比和流动比的校核方法。还介绍了此模具抽芯机构及复位机构的结构特点,以及在进行冷却系统设计时确定冷却水管数目的详细计算过程及模具中部分零件的材料选用,     

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CLOSURES ON THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF BUBBLE COLUMN FLOWS

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are performed for two-dimensional bubble columns to examine the effect of different interfacial force closures on the computed liquid velocity and gas holdup profiles. In this regard, six different drag closure relationships and three different virtual mass formulations are incorporated in the framework of the Los Alamos National Laboratory's code CFDLIB. The Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model is used. The results are compared with the experimental results of Mudde et al. (1997), the gas holdup correlation of Anabtawi et al., (2003), and CFD simulations of Pan et al. (2000). With the exception of one, all the correlations studied give good agreement (within engineering accuracy) between the computed results and the experimental data.     

加热炉热效率提高的途径

WAYOFRAISETHETHERMALEFFICIENCYOFFURNCE1前言管式加热炉是一种火力加热设备,它利用燃料在炉膛内燃烧产生的高温火焰与烟气作为热源,加热炉管内高速流动的介质,使其达到工艺要求的温度。其主要特点是加热温度高（可达1000ap）,传热能力大和便于操作管理,它在生产和建设中具有十分重要的地位。实践证明,加热炉效率的高低与节约能源、降低成本有极密切的关系。对于炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置,加热炉是主要耗能设备,其能耗占装置总能耗的80％一83％,因此降低加热炉燃料消耗,提高加热炉热效率是实现装置“低能耗、高效率…     

影响先进再燃区脱硝效率的因素分析

建立实验装置 ,对有喷氨的先进再燃区中脱硝效率的主要影响因素进行研究 ,这些因素包括 :再燃区温度、再燃区过量氧系数、初始 NH3 /NO浓度比例、初始天然气 /NO浓度比例 .研究表明 ,再燃区的较佳温度为 1 1 0 0℃～ 1 2 0 0℃ ,再燃区较佳过量氧系数为 0 .7,初始 NH3 /NO浓度比为 0 .9～ 1 .2之间 ,初始天然气 /NO浓度比为 3～ 5之间有利于脱硝 .该研究为再燃区运行参数的优化选择提供根据