两相自然循环系统的静态漂移特性及输热能力限分析

基于分岔理论及其ＤＥＲＰＡＲ数值方法,运用最简单的均相模型计算出典型两相自然循环系统的静态分岔解图,详细讨论了由浮力和阻力随加热功率（含汽率）的非线性变化特性引起的静态分岔机理;导出对应于强迫循环系统的Ｌｅｄｉｎｅｇｇ不稳定性现象及其判断准则;定义稳定性裕度、自然循环系统输热能力限、静态分岔迟滞现象;讨论了系统压力、欠热度、阻力、几何构型等参数对运行稳定性及输热能力限的影响;强调指出了简单理论预测     

漂移流模型分析两相自然循环系统静态漂移特性的探讨

基于分岔理论及其DERPAP数值方法，运用漂移流模型分析典型两相自然循环系统的静态分岔解图，并与均相流模型的结果进行了比较。结果表明：与用均相流模型得到的解图相比，用漂移流模型得到的静态分岔解图的不稳定运行区域和输热能力限相对较小。     

两相自然循环系统的静态分岔特性机理分析

基于分岔理论及其DERPAR数值方法及均相模型,计算出两相自然循环系统的静态分岔解图,进一步得到不同压力下质量含汽率和空泡份额随加热功率的变化曲线图;深入讨论了流型转变对两相自然循环流动不稳定性的影响;分析了系统压力、含汽率、汽液两相密度差引起的不稳定性的机理;并比较了不同系统压力、欠热度、阻力、几何构型等参数对质量含汽率和空泡份额的影响。强调指出两相自然循环系统的静态分岔现象主要是由于汽液两相密度差引起的。随着压力的升高,汽液两相密度差异减小,有利于系统的稳定性。     

低干度自然循环两相流动系统的静态分岔特性

基于一维两相四方程漂移流模型，采用数值模拟的方法对5MW低温核供热堆热工模拟回路（HTRL-5）的自然循环进行模拟，分析在自然循环系统中存在的分岔特性及其参数效应。结果表明：在一定条件下低干度自然循环两相流动系统存在静态分岔现象，并且静态分岔点出现在特征曲线的切点上；当压力高到一定程度或热流密度小到一定程度系统的分岔点消失。     

两相自然循环非线性特征及实验研究

采用均相模型,基于分岔理论预测了两相自然循环系统的流量漂移(静态分岔)相关特性,并对其进行了实验验证.同时,对系统的动态参数时序进行了时域和频域分析,研究了特定工况下沸腾喷发弛张动态不稳定性机理.通过对系统相关时序的相空间重构与分维分析,探讨了系统随加热功率变化的非线性演化规律.     

两相自然循环非能动系统静态分岔特性和参数效应研究

耗散结构在流体动力学中存在,两相自然循环非能动系统稳定性是耗散结构在多相流体动力学中的问题,运用分岔理论及其DERPAR数值方法给出系统随参数变化的演化过程的静态分岔解图图谱。以静态分岔解图呈现的迟滞现象（多平衡解）定义了输热能力限、静态漂移稳定性准则、稳定性裕度、比质量流量输热能力、分岔现象消失—呈单值性的临界参数区的系统演化的自组织特性的物理本质—系统的稳态和时间相关态随着特征参数的演化。用低压下的实验数据与理论计算分析进行比较,变化趋势吻合,尚需进一步验证。     

一维自然循环比例分析的理论模型

整体性能试验研究是验证先进非能动压水堆核电站堆芯冷却系统设计有效性的核心技术,一回路系统两相自然循环热工水力特性比例分析是确定整体性能试验装置尺度的主要理论依据。以一维漂移流模型为基础,对整个一回路两相自然循环系统控制方程积分,并求得稳态解,由此获得了系统的流动条件。应用初始流动条件与边界条件,对两相自然循环系统控制方程直接无量纲化,最终得到了整体性能试验装置与实际非能动电站热工水力特性的相似准则。     

摇摆条件下自然循环流动不稳定性非线性演化特性研究

针对摇摆运动下自然循环流动不稳定性的非线性演化特性进行了分析。应用非线性时间序列分析方法对不同流动状态的时间序列进行幅度谱分析、吸引子重构,并基于相空间重构理论,计算包括关联维数（CD）、Kolmogorov熵（K熵）和最大李雅普诺夫指数（MLE）在内的几何不变量的值,根据计算结果分析了摇摆运动下两相自然循环系统流动不稳定性的非线性演化特性。分析结果表明：随着无量纲功率的增大,系统几何不变量的值先增加后减小,系统由极限环运动经倍周期分岔发展成混沌振荡,最终回到稳定流动;系统非线性特征先增强后减弱,是由于热驱动力、流动阻力和摇摆引起的驱迫外力之间的相互反馈及耦合程度不同所致。     

基于CATHARE程序的自然循环静态流量漂移模拟

针对中低压自然循环系统静态流量漂移现象的特点,利用大型系统热工程序CATHARE对不同压力和阻力分布下的自然循环系统进行模拟分析,探索静态流量漂移的影响因素。分析结果表明,同等过冷度条件下,低压更易诱发静态流量漂移;加热段出口阻力分布对阻力影响较大。同时,结合计算数据分析系统静态分岔及迟缓现象。     

开式自然循环系统启动特性实验研究

对开式自然循环系统的启动过程进行了实验研究,并详细分析了不同加热功率和不同入口过冷度条件下系统出现的实验现象和流动特性,最后给出了自然循环系统在启动过程中的流动不稳定性边界图。结果如下:在低加热功率下,随着入口过冷度的减小系统会依次经历单相稳定、两相振荡和两相稳定流动;增大加热功率会使系统的两相流动不稳定范围增大,甚至很难形成稳定的两相流动。在两相振荡阶段,系统会出现由闪蒸诱发的不稳定流动以及由沸腾喷发和闪蒸共同诱发的不稳定流动两种模式,这两种不同模式的流动不稳定性均属于密度波不稳定性。     

Bifurcation and hysteresis phenomena in the two－phase natural circulation system

The static bifurcation of the two-phase natural circulation (TPNC) system was studied theoretically and numerically.By the DERPAR algorthm the solution diagram was calculated,which shows that the static bifurcation occurs under some conditions in the TPNC systems.Also,it shows that the static bifurcation occurs under some conditions in the TPNC systems.Also,it shows that,in a region of multiple solutions.the static instability may occur.It is defined as a region of thermal-siphon instability induced flow rate jumping.By means of the solution diagram,the stability margin can be determined in this region.Furthermore.the heat input at the peak of the solution diagram is defined as the maximum capacity of heating load that can be used to judge the capacity of the TPNC of a given geometry topological structure,Meanwhile,it is interesting that the TPNC systems have the hystersis phenomenon defined as thermal-siphon hysteresis.Some parametric effects related were also studied.     

Lower bound limit load of a circumferentially cracked pipe under combined mechanical loading

In a study on extension of the reference stress method, for J simplified assessment, to a three dimensional (3D) configuration under combined loading, lower bound limit analysis has been developed by J. Desquines. In the present paper the limit load for cracked pipe, with a 3D circumferential flaw, under pressure, tension and bending is detailed. The limit load is explicitly defined as a yield surface is the 3D space loading. A simple algorithm is proposed to solve the non linear problem associated to the reference stress calculation. Moreover, the lower bound solution is compared with Elastic Compensation Method (ECM) results computed on a 3D finite element mesh of the cracked pipe. The lower bound yield surface underestimates the numerical limit loads with a discrepancy lower than 20%.     

Finite element dynamic bifurcation buckling analysis of torispherical head of BWR containment vessel subjected to internal pressure

In this paper the bifurcation buckling pressure for the torispherical head of the Mark II type BWR containment vessel subjected to dynamically applied internal pressure is calculated, using a finite element program for a dynamic analysis. Three kinds of dynamic loadings, that is, step loading, ramp loading and pulse loading are considered in the present analysis. The minimum bifurcation buckling pressure is predicted for the respective loadings. The minimum bifurcation buckling pressure for dynamic loading is much lower than the bifurcation buckling pressure for static loading.     

运动状态下压水堆自然循环比例模拟方法研究

对于安装在车、船或艇上的压水反应堆进行运动状态下的模拟试验研究,是研究其安全性的重要手段.以静止状态的反应堆自然循环比例模拟方法为基础,通过刚体运动理论获得运动装置上各点的加速度,然后带人动星方程加速度项,从而获得运动相似准则数.在此基础上,分析了等高度和变高度模拟方法,其中,变高度模拟涉及位移与角加速度等运动变量的不等时性,需要注意.     

Estimation of the Lyman-α signal of the EFILE diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field in vacuum

The electric field induced Lyman-α emission diagnostic aims to provide a non intrusive and precise measurement of the electric field in plasma, using a beam of hydrogen atoms prepared in the metastable 2 s state. The metastable particles are obtained by means of a proton beam extracted from a hydrogen plasma source, and neutralised by interaction with vaporised caesium.When a 2 s atom enters a region where an electric field is present, it undergoes a transition to the2 p state(Stark mixing). It then quickly decays to the ground level, emitting Lyman-α radiation,which is collected by a photomultiplier. The 2 s→2 p transition rate is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the electric field, and depends on the field oscillation frequency(with peaks around 1 GHz). By measuring the intensity of the Lyman-α radiation emitted by the beam it is possible to determine the magnitude of the field in a defined region. In this work, an analysis of the behaviour of the diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field is presented. Electric field simulations obtained with a finite element solver of Maxwell equations, combined with theoretical calculations of the Stark mixing transition rate, are used to develop a model for the interpretation of photomultiplier data. This method shows good agreement with experimental results for the static field case, and allows to measure the field magnitude for the oscillating case.     

Comments on the application of bifurcation analysis in BWR stability analysis

Currently, BWR stability analysis is most often performed by the application of system codes which provide the time evolution of the neutron flux or thermal power at a defined operational point (OP) after imposing a system parameter perturbation. However, in general it is impossible to understand the real stability state of the BWR at a specific OP by the application of system code analysis alone. Hence, we are exploring methods developed in the nonlinear dynamics field in order to reveal the nature of the BWR stability states when power oscillations are observed. A powerful method is bifurcation analysis. In order to motivate this “nonlinear thinking” versus “linear thinking”, in this paper we will demonstrate some examples of phenomena which can only be understood in nonlinear terms by application of bifurcation theory and where linear interpretation leads to incorrect conclusions.