超声处理对AZ91合金微观组织的影响(英文)

通过在AZ91合金熔体中引入超声振动研究超声处理对合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,超声处理并不改变合金的相组成,但对凝固组织有显著影响;随着超声功率的增加,层片状共晶组织的面积分数呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当超声功率为600 W时达到最高,而Al8Mn5相的平均面积变化规律则完全相反,Mg17Al12相的面积分数则随着超声功率的增加而逐渐降低。讨论了组织细化及相分数改变的超声处理机制。     

超声凝固细晶技术的研究与发展

详细介绍了超声波对锡锑合金、铝基合金、镁合金以及铁基合金等合金凝固组织的细化效果及其作用机理;超声凝固细晶技术是在金属凝固过程中引入适当强度的超声振动,以细化组织的一种新型技术,与传统的细品技术相比,超声技术减少了对环境和材料本身的污染,提高了材料的可回收性;同时,对超声细晶技术的发展前景进行了展望.     

超声波处理对高碳钢凝固组织的影响

主要研究超声处理对高碳钢凝固组织的作用,分析了超声波功率水平、实验温度对凝固组织的影响。结果表明,超声处理可以明显细化高碳钢的凝固组织;随着超声功率的增加,组织细化程度提高,功率提高到一定程度,细化作用不再明显增强;超声处理效果与实验温度密切相关,温度较低时,树枝晶组织发达,温度为1570℃时,几乎完全转变为等轴晶组织。对高碳钢凝固过程进行超声处理时,起主要作用的是声空化、声流以及超声空化产生的局部高温。     

超声参振对Al-Fe合金凝固过程的影响

在Al-Fe合金的凝固过程中引入不同功率的超声振动,利用受控凝固和受控振动相结合的实验装置和方法,研究了超声参振对Al-Fe合金熔体温度场以及组织形态和抗拉强度的影响.实验表明:熔体的温度场随振动功率的增加和振动时间的延长而升高,并趋于一个平衡的温度场;超声参振可以显著细化先共晶FeAl3相,Al-Fe合金生长的组织形态的差异主要取决于凝固速度;超声参振凝固的Al-Fe合金的热稳定性好,有良好的应用前景.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and tensile strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructural features and tensile strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. AZ91 melts were subjected to ultrasonic waves of different power levels for 5 min using an ultrasonic device with frequency of about 20 kHz and maximum power of 600 W and cast in sand moulds. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment of the melt prior to casting had a significant effect on the size and sphericity of α-Mg dendrites as well as on the size, continuity, sphericity and distribution of intermetallic particles formed during cooling and solidification of the alloy. Increasing the applied ultrasonic power resulted in smaller, more rounded and better distributed grains and particles. The microstructural effects were mainly attributed to the cavitation and streaming phenomena which took place during ultrasonic treatment in the melt. Tensile strength of the alloy was significantly improved by ultrasonic treatment of the melt. Discontinuity and refinement of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ particles in the ultrasonically treated samples is thought to be the main reason for this improvement. The paper also examines different possible mechanisms responsible for microstructural modification of different phases under ultrasonic treatment conditions.     

Pb-Sn合金在功率超声场中的凝固过程研究

研究了功率超声在铅锡合金凝固过程的作用,分析了超声功率、施振温度、熔体的冷却方式等参数的影响机制。结果表明,在功率超声作用下,声空化效应和声流效应使含铅5%的铅锡合金的凝固组织明显细化,随着超声功率的增加,合金组织的细化程度提高,但功率提高到一定程度时,细化作用减弱;施振温度、熔体的冷却方式等参数对超声在铅锡合金凝固过程的作用有较大的影响。     

巴氏合金变质处理的绿色方法

功率超声具有独特的变质作用，是一种绿色无污染的环保型变质处理方法。研究了功率超声对巴氏合金凝固过程的影响。结果表明，在巴氏合金的凝固过程中导入功率超声，能够显著细化巴氏合金组织，但随超声功率增大，热效应变明显，合金凝固后的组织又变得粗大。根据该结果，分析了功率超声变质细化的机理。     

功率超声细化Sn-Sb合金凝固组织工艺研究

通过金相组织分析和力学性能实验,研究了不同的功率超声处理工艺对Sn-Sb合金凝固组织和力学性能的影响,分析了功率超声空化和声流在凝固过程中的作用情况,得出了功率超声最佳的处理工艺,并对超声波的空化和声流作用在金属凝固过程中的变化情况进行了论述。     

超声细化处理AZ80镁合金过程中的声场数值模拟

采用不同强度超声对AZ80镁合金熔体进行处理以改善合金的凝固组织。当施加的超声强度为30.48W/cm2时,合金的平均晶粒尺寸由未经超声处理时的303μm降低为148μm。为了进一步了解超声改善镁合金微观组织的机理,采用数值模拟的方法研究超声声压对空化泡行为的影响,并且对熔体中的超声场分布情况进行分析。结果表明,熔体内不同位置所受的声压是不同的,因此不同位置上的铸锭试样的晶粒细化程度也不同。随着超声强度的增加,声压值增加,而合金的晶粒尺寸则随之降低。     

物理场对3003/4004复合铸锭凝固组织的影响

采用电磁搅拌、功率超声、超声电磁复合场等不同物理场制备3003/4004铝合金复合铸锭。结果表明,在电磁搅拌作用下,界面附近4004合金一侧α(Al)组织从未施加外场的树枝状转变为花瓣状。在功率超声作用下,4004合金中α(Al)及共晶硅组织都得到了良好的细化。在超声和电磁场联合作用下,界面处4004合金中的α(Al)组织同样得到细化,并且界面处的共晶硅组织较单独超声铸锭的更细小,其形貌从未施加外场时的粗大板条状及施加超声后的细针状转变为细小短棒状。     

功率超声对铝熔体作用机理研究

研究了在一定超声参数条件下,功率超声对高温铝熔体凝固过程的影响.通过与常规铝锭粗大的柱状晶对比,在高温铝熔体中加入功率超声,能使铝锭晶粒细化,组织分布均匀,铝锭微观晶粒组织表现为细小的等轴晶.着重论述了空化效应及其产生的高温高压理论,从而讨论了局部高温高压在铝熔体凝固过程中引发的各种效应和动力学问题,并从空化效应、声流效应和力学效应等方面,探讨了功率超声对高温铝熔体凝固过程中的作用机理.通过对铝锭组织结果分析总结出,功率超声对高温铝熔体凝固过程是多种效应综合作用的结果,这为功率超声有效应用于铸造提供一定的理论基础.     

AZ91D镁合金的冷却凝固特性研究

采用DSC对AZ91D镁合金的冷却凝固特性进行了研究。研究发现,AZ91D镁合金的液相线温度为595℃,固相线温度为470℃,液、固相线温度差为125℃,属于宽结晶温度范围低熔点合金。该合金的平均自由线收缩率为1.572%,冷却凝固时倾向于体积凝固方式,容易形成粗大的离异共晶组织。     

侧部导入超声处理对共晶Al-Si合金凝固特性的影响

研究了功率超声处理对ZL102铝硅合金凝固特性的影响。研究发现:在凝固过程中进行超声处理能显著细化共晶硅相,改善其形貌及分布;通过对比未处理、300 W超声波及500 W超声波处理条件下铝硅合金不同部位的力学性能及断口形貌,发现功率超声处理明显提高铝硅合金的力学性能,且随着处理功率的增大,合金的力学性能随之提高。并分析了超声波在铝硅合金中传播时衰减的原因,通过数学方法得到衰减方程,并探讨了其衰减规律。     

超声场作用下Mg-3Ca合金除气及细化的工艺研究

对Mg-3Ca合金熔体进行超声处理来研究超声功率、施振时间和施振温度对合金除气及凝固组织的影响。结果表明,采用超声波处理技术,可以有效去除Mg-3Ca合金熔体中的气体,从而提高铸锭的致密度。超声除气效果与施振功率、处理时间及处理温度密切相关。当施振功率过小、处理时间过短或过长及处理温度过高或过低均不会有良好的除气效果。熔体处理温度为:700℃,超声功率为150W,处理时间为120s时除气效果最好,除气率可达53.8%。另外,超声波在去除熔体中气体的同时,也使得铸锭的凝固组织变得细小、均匀。粗大的树枝晶不利于气泡的上浮和熔体补缩;而均匀、细小的等轴晶则有利于这一点。     

Ultrasonic flaw detection of discontinuous defects in magnesium alloy materials

Phased array ultrasonic testing, an effective ultrasonic testing(UT) technology, has been widely used in steel inspection because of its high accuracy, sensitivity, and efficiency. However, as its application in as-cast magnesium alloys has just begun, more research is needed. Considering the important role of the gain compensation in quantifying defects in magnesium alloys by ultrasonic phased array technology, the effects of microstructure, the position, size, and overlap of defects, and boundary distance(distance from the defect position to the side surface of the test casting) on gain compensation of as-cast AZ80 and AZ31 magnesium alloys were studied. Results show the gain compensation increases with the increase of grain size. There is a strict linear positive correlation between gain compensation and defect depth, but such relationship no longer exists due to the defects overlap, orientation and boundary distance. In addition, there is a strict linear negative correlation between the gain compensation and defect size.     

电磁连铸对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过电磁连铸和普通连铸方法对AZ31镁合金进行连铸实验,对比分析有、无电磁场作用下的铸坯凝固宏观、微观组织和力学性能,并利用扫描电镜分析镁合金的断裂机理。结果表明:当表观直流电流为40~50 A时获得最佳磁场分布,此时电磁连铸的镁合金组织细小、均匀,树枝晶呈破碎状,其力学性能尤其是塑性变形能力显著提高,常温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率较普通连铸分别提高17%,50%和81%,断口形貌显示其断裂具有韧性断裂的特性。     

超声振动对Mg-8Li-3Al合金凝固组织及性能的影响

在Mg-8Li-3Al合金的凝固过程中,不同功率的超声波被引入到合金熔体中。在超声作用下研究Mg-8Li-3Al合金的微观结构、耐腐蚀性能和力学性能。基于超声空化作用及声流作用,对超声细化机制进行分析。结果表明：在施加超声波后,合金的α相形貌从粗大的蔷薇状结构变为细小的近球状结构。当超声波功率为170W时,能够获得细小的球状结构。与没有施加超声场的合金相比,施加超声场（功率170W,作用时间90s）后的合金耐腐蚀性明显提高,力学性能也有很大改善,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了9.5%和45.7%。     

Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied in the solidification of AZ91D alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to 104 μm. Besides the grain refinement, the morphology of the primary α-Mg is changed from dendritic to rosette, then to globular shape with changing the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface by the magnetic pressure, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the AZ91D alloy. The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

Research on Prediction Method of Liquation Cracking Susceptibility to Magnesium Alloy WeldsEI北大核心CSCD

Magnesium alloys has a wide application prospect due to their good properties, such as high specific strength and specific stiffness, but the susceptibility of liquation cracking is also pretty high. The liquation in partially melted zone of AZ-series magnesium alloys were investigated with circular-patch welding test. The AZ91, AZ31 base alloys were welded with AZ61 and AZ92 filler wires by using the cold metal transter metal inert-gas (CMT-MIG) welding. The results show that, the liquation occurred along the weld edge of AZ91 with the eutectic reaction occurring between gamma(Mg17Al12) phase and Mg-rich phase. The liquation susceptibility of AZ31 was pretty low as gamma(Mg17Al12) was not present in base metal of AZ31. Meanwhile, a new method for predicting liquation cracking based on binary phase diagram was proposed. When the initial solidification temperature of weld is higher and the solidification temperature range of weld is shorter than those of base metal, the liquation crack susceptibility of weld is mostly higher. When the initial solidification temperature of weld is close to or below that of base metal, and the solidification temperature range of weld is close to or longer than that of base metal, the liquation cracking susceptibility of weld is lower. This method worked well on predicting the effect of composition of base metal and filler wires on liquation cracking, and the predicting results are consistent with the experimental results. That is, the liquation cracking susceptibility is higher with AZ91 base metal used than that with AZ31 base metal. And, the liquation cracking susceptibility is lower with AZ92 filler wire than that with AZ61 filler wire.     

超声波振动处理时间对铸锭组织的影响

研究各种超声波振动处理时间下, 超声波振动对铝合金铸锭组织的影响, 分析超声波对铝合金铸锭细化率的影响因素, 并且对超声波振动处理时期的铸锭内部温度分布进行比较.