某乘用车车内怠速噪声控制研究

以某车型车内怠速噪声为研究对象,首先通过试验测试分析导致车内怠速噪声过大的噪声异常峰值及其频率。接着有针对性地开展Trouble Shooting试验,锁定空调管路和排气系统第一挂钩安装横梁为问题点。然后综合利用试验调校和仿真优化方法,对空调管路振动响应和横梁动力学特性进行整改。最后对该车型车内怠速噪声进行改善,达到目标值要求。上述研究内容可为同类车型NVH性能开发过程中规避技术风险提供方案借鉴,同时表明综合运用试验调校与仿真优化技术是控制车内怠速噪声的一种快速、精准和有效的方法。     

电动轿车空调系统振动噪声传递路径测试分析

为控制某纯电动汽车怠速空调开启工况时车内噪声,开展空调系统振动噪声传递路径研究。首先,采用Benchmark分析、整车-子系统性能分解、旋转件阶次频率分析等方法,获得了该纯电动汽车空调系统关键零部件振动噪声传递路径,发现冷却风扇安装支架刚度和空调管路振动是引起车内噪声偏大的主要因素;然后,提出了安装支架刚度加强方案和空调管路减振措施;最后通过试验数据验证,经过改进后该车型怠速空调开启工况车内噪声由46.2dB(A)降低到44.5dB(A),满足了目标值45.0dB(A)要求。上述研究方法可为纯电动汽车空调系统振动噪声传递路径分析提供参考,亦可为相关车型空调系统结构设计提供借鉴。     

基于车身悬置动刚度的车内降噪研究

燃油车在定置工况下由于车身各板件振动引起的车内噪声对乘坐舒适性有较大影响,通过发动机、悬置等与车身的连接点传递至车身的振动是引起车身板件振动的主要原因。对某重卡车身悬置安装点动刚度及噪声传递函数进行了计算,发现其X向动刚度及噪声传递函数远低于企业标准;基于此明确了提高悬置安装点动刚度降低车内噪声的方法,通过对悬置支架结构优化改进,提升了悬置安装点动刚度。试验结果表明:改进方案能够降低车辆怠速及定置额定转速两种工况下的车内噪声,悬置安装点动刚度的优化有益于降低特定工况下的车内噪声。     

汽车空调压缩机噪声异常问题的诊断与试验

某国产轿车存在空调开启时车内噪声较大及怠速时车内出现间歇性异常噪声问题,为寻找振源,对样车及其压缩机系统进行了试验诊断与分析,包括样车摸底试验、压缩机安装状态的刚体模态试验、压缩机在消声室中的台架试验等,最终确定压缩机噪声较大原因为空调管路制冷剂冲击导致的管路振动噪声向车内的直接传递,间歇性异常噪声原因为压缩机工作频率与发动机8阶工作频率的拍频。根据诊断结果,提出了相应的改进措施,并进行了改进后样车的试验验证,结果表明改进效果比较明显。     

汽车电子燃油泵中无刷无位置传感器直流电机的控制分析

在汽车中汽车电子燃油泵主要是负责将一定量的油压、流量的燃油,从油箱输送到电动机内,属于汽车动力系统的核心部件之一。但是,随着能源危机的日益凸显,使得传统燃油朝着多元化、新型化的方向发展。在使用中新型燃油内的一些具备化学性质的成分会使得燃油内的电子燃油泵受到腐蚀,进而降低了汽车电子燃油泵的使用寿命,同时也降低了汽车电子燃油泵可靠性。通过实践中证明,在汽车电子燃油泵内使用无刷电机能够降低电机转换中的噪声,且无机械的转向部件,在多元化的燃油泵中得到了广泛的应用。本文主要探讨的是汽车电子燃油泵中无刷无位置传感器直流电机的控制,首先分析了汽车电子燃油泵与无刷直流电机概述,同时阐述了无刷直流电的控制原理及控制系统的设计,最后总结了实验调试结果。     

冷启动车内噪声优化

车内噪声是评价汽车NVH特性的重要指标。随着现代汽车技术的不断发展,以及人们对驾驶舒适性的要求越来越高,使得对车内噪声的控制越来越严格。本文针对某轿车在研发过程中出现冷启动车内噪声嘈杂的问题,对其进行试验分析和诊断,最终确定机油泵、液压转向泵及排气系统是造成车内噪声嘈杂的主要原因,其中排气噪声对车内噪声的大小影响比重较大。     

动力总成悬置隔振性能与车内噪声相干性分析

为研究动力总成悬置振动对车内噪声的影响,以某国产轿车为研究对象,在怠速工况下对动力总成悬置振动和车内噪声进行测试.基于相干性理论,对动力总成悬置振动频谱图和车内驾驶员右耳位置噪声频谱图比较分析,找出影响车内噪声的悬置及其对车内噪声影响较大的传递方向.结果表明,动力总成悬置隔振性能与车内噪声相干性很好,尤其是左侧悬置Z方向的振动对车内噪声的影响最大.     

汽车燃油供给系统布置设计要素

介绍汽车燃油供给系统布置设计要素,包括燃油箱、燃油泵、安全阀、燃油滤清器、碳罐、燃油管路及加油口盖等零件在整车上的布置空间要求。     

基于GT-Power分析运用的排气系统优化

针对某车型怠速工况下车内噪声较大问题,采用消去法进行了噪声源排查,确定排气口辐射噪声是影响怠速车内噪声较大的主要原因.文中利用GT-Power软件建立了排气系统模型,并与实验设计方法相结合,通过调整排气系统内部管道和隔板的穿孔率,提高了排气主消声器的传递损失,最后通过制作样件对改进方案进行实车验证,整车怠速噪声达到目标要求.     

液动控制活门关闭过程水锤分析与实验研究

在某型飞机飞行过程中,其燃油系统因液动控制活门关闭过程产生水锤效应,导致剧烈噪声并引发管路振动,严重影响飞行安全。通过分析系统工作原理并进行仿真计算后,提出调低射流传感器响应频率、降低活门匹配腔压力、缩小管路通径等方案解决了此问题。研究结果可以为液动控制活门系统水锤问题的解决及飞机燃油系统设计优化提供指导和借鉴。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.