高直臂小间距等厚板材零件步进式冲锻工艺

针对高直臂小间距、不能展平的等厚板材零件,提出了步进式冲锻成形工艺。该工艺先通过冲压成形零件的大间距两直臂,然后通过若干次弯曲工步来缩小两直臂间距直至达到目标值。每次弯曲成形后对工件弯曲变形部位需进行冷锻平整,选择合理的工步数是保证冷锻过程中不出现材料重叠、起皱或破裂等现象的关键。建立了流线型弯曲的数学模型,通过该模型得到每个弯曲工步极限图。采用数值模拟结合试验的方法获得了无工艺缺陷的产品,产品性能优良,生产效率高。该步进式冲锻工艺为成形高直臂小间距等厚金属板材零件提供了新途径。     

薄板液压成形起皱预测及控制研究进展

板材拉深成形广泛应用于航空航天、汽车制造、船舶工业等领域,是金属塑性加工领域的研究热点。随着工业生产向整体化、轻量化、高精度、低成本不断发展,以火箭燃料贮箱箱底为代表的大型曲面封头厚径比小于0.3%,起皱成为制约其拉深成形的主要缺陷之一,严重影响零件质量、模具使用寿命和工业生产的稳定性。综述板材拉深成形起皱理论预测、数值模拟和工艺试验的最新研究现状,重点介绍板材液压成形技术对于起皱控制的研究进展,表明通过合适的液压成形可以成形出无起皱缺陷、厚径比较小的零件。提出现有问题并对未来研究方向进行展望。     

螺旋台阶零件多步成形过程数值模拟

鉴于零件对材料增厚及表面质量没有严格要求,采用无压边拉深来完成零件螺旋台阶面的成形,不仅模具结构简单,而且材料利用率高.围绕零件成形难点部位,以特征点的形式详细分析了拉深成形过程中特征区域的应力、应变、厚度和成形极限等模拟结果.在分析拉深工序的基础上,进一步对零件进行多工步模拟分析.结合等效塑性应变、厚度分布及成形极限等信息分析了其它工步作用过程中的变形特点.通过数值模拟结果与实际冲压结果的对比,验证了多工步数值模拟结果的有效性.     

镁合金板材液压梯温拉深成形新工艺

结合镁合金板材热拉深工艺的研究状况,根据镁合金常温下塑性差及拉深过程中板材的变形特点,提出新的镁合金板材液压梯温拉深成形工艺,指明新工艺能够提高极限拉深比的本质,并分析了新工艺的可行性。为进一步研究镁合金板料的塑性加工问题及研制合适的液压梯温拉深模具装置奠定技术基础。     

拉深孔成形的工艺参数优化与实验研究

为了探讨拉深孔成形技术对提高板料成形性能的有效性，以圆筒形件为研究对象，研究了拉深孔成形条件下的成形性能。采用数值模拟、人工神经网络和遗传算法进行板材成形工艺参数优化，得到了最优化的压边力和拉深孔相对密度等拉深工艺参数。根据优化后的结果设计并完成了相关的工艺实验，取得了与有限元模拟相一致的结果，证明了拉深孔成形技术是一种提高板材成形性能的行之有效的方法。     

薄壁深抛物线形零件固体颗粒介质成形工艺

薄壁抛物线形壳体成形过程为拉深和胀形两种变形模式的复合,极易发生起皱和破裂。固体颗粒介质成形是采用固体颗粒代替刚性凸模或凹模(或弹性体、液体)对板料进行成形的工艺。板材在颗粒介质内压的作用下成形,可以有效防止抛物线形件拉深成形过程中侧壁的起皱;由于颗粒内压是非均匀分布的,故可以有效控制抛物线形件成形过程中的破裂,提高板材的成形极限。根据固体颗粒介质成形工艺的特点,提出了两次成形薄壁深壳体零件的工艺,建立了数值分析模型,通过数值模拟和试验对该成形过程和工艺参数进行了分析。结果表明,采用固体颗粒介质成形工艺过程简单、成形工件壁厚分布均匀、表面质量好、回弹小。     

电机罩盖冲压工艺及模具设计

某罩盖是汽车电机产品上的一种阶梯形拉深件,其形状较为复杂,由大、小两部分圆筒组成,存在与拉深外径相差悬殊的小直径凸台,需要采用冲裁、拉深、成形等多种冲压工艺制成,成形较困难。根据零件的结构特点及技术要求,结合该零件的冲压工艺难点,同时考虑到零件生产效率的提高以及制造成本的降低,制订了5种冲压成形工艺方案,经分析比较,选出了最佳的零件成形工艺方案,并设计了落料、拉深复合模以及拉深、成形、冲孔、挤边复合模。生产验证说明,该工艺能成功解决该类两阶梯直径相差悬殊的小直径凸台成形问题,得到质量合格的罩盖零件。     

采用可移动凹模的板材液压成形技术

提出一种改进的板材液压成形新工艺,即采用可移动凹模,实现拉深与胀形的复合液压成形。在整个变形过程中,板材初始变形部分始终与可移动凹模接触,从而抑制已变形区进一步变形,使变形更加均匀,实现变形的顺序控制,板材成形极限得到提高。从试验和数值模拟两方面对可移动凹模板材液压成形技术进行了研究,分析各种工艺参数,如摩擦因数等对板材成形性的影响,并且分析了可移动凹模对板材成形极限的影响。     

筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形试验研究

分析了颗粒软凹模成形的工艺特点,设计了筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形试验模具,对筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形进行了试验研究,成形出了质量良好的圆筒零件.颗粒软凹模拉深成形零件各部分的厚度均减小,而且随着拉深高度的增加,减薄量增大.与刚性模具拉深工艺相比,该工艺可有效提高板材的拉深成形极限.颗粒软凹模拉深成形和刚性模具拉深筒形件各部位表面微观形貌的对比分析表明:颗粒软凹模成形可抑制凸模圆角区域微裂纹的产生.     

汽车前桥空心短轴的热挤压成形工艺数值模拟研究

针对某汽车前桥短轴类零件成形制造中存在的生产效率和材料利用率低的问题,提出并设计了热挤压成形制造工艺。通过正交法设计多组参数条件进行数值模拟,实现了热挤压终成形工步的工艺参数优化,获得了最优的成形效果,达到了提高生产效率、材料利用率以及零件质量的目标。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.