纳米粗糙间隙中季戊四醇四酯的薄膜润滑行为

采用分子动力学模拟方法建立光滑和粗糙2种固体壁面结构,研究季戊四醇四酯润滑剂在不同压力、薄膜厚度下,在恒定剪切速度和温度下的薄膜润滑行为。分析壁面间润滑薄膜的密度分布,以及剪切过程中润滑剂的速度分布。输出固体壁面在x向和z向的力学响应,并计算摩擦因数。结果表明：表面纳米结构降低了润滑薄膜的厚度,减弱了润滑薄膜分层现象;当润滑薄膜厚度较大时,V形纳米沟槽有助于减小薄膜润滑系统的摩擦因数;润滑薄膜厚度较小时,V形纳米沟槽表面润滑状态容易从流体润滑转变到边界润滑状态,摩擦因数增大。     

悬浮于润滑油中的颗粒运动分析及其对油膜压力的影响

对含有固体颗粒的局部润滑流域建立格子Boltzmann(LBM)离散模型,分析固体颗粒在润滑油中的动力学特性;考虑颗粒形状的影响,推导计入单个固体颗粒运动的润滑方程,并分析得到油膜压力;将油膜流动特性与颗粒动力学计算相结合,分析不同形状的颗粒运动对于油膜压力的影响。分析发现,当颗粒进入润滑油后,经过很短的瞬时颗粒就会达到一个瞬态稳定的状态,无论颗粒在油膜厚度方向的初始位置位于两壁面之间的中线上侧还是下侧,颗粒都会向中线位置移动;当颗粒速度为0时对于油膜压力的影响较大,随着颗粒速度逐渐增大,颗粒对于油膜压力的影响逐渐减小;当颗粒的宽度在油膜厚度方向相同时,长宽比越大的颗粒对于油膜压力的影响也越大;当颗粒长轴相等时,颗粒在油膜厚度方向的宽度越大,则其对于油膜压力的影响也越大,即颗粒形状对于油膜流动的阻碍能力越强,则其对于油膜压力的影响越大。     

分子动力学模拟环烷烃含碳量对边界润滑的影响

研究了四种不同含碳量的环烷烃润滑膜在不同负载下的边界润滑行为。建立具有正弦曲面凸峰的粗糙面边界润滑系统模型,采用分子动力学模拟了四种润滑膜分别在25～500 MPa的四种负载下沿膜厚方向的密度分布。在系统的上、下固体壁面施加方向相反的剪切速度,计算出壁面原子的应力、固液界面摩擦力、正压力和摩擦因数。试验测量了环己烷油膜的摩擦因数。结果表明,分子含碳量不同的四种环烷烃润滑剂均出现分层现象,随着润滑剂分子含碳量的增加,密度分布曲线中间区域的波谷值越高,层间的原子数越多,分层越不明显;润滑剂分子含碳量越大,承载能力越高;环己烷和环十二烷润滑膜在50 MPa时相继破裂,环二十四烷润滑膜在100 MPa时破裂,环四十八烷润滑油膜承载能力超过500 MPa;模拟计算边界润滑状态下环己烷油膜的摩擦因数,符合试验测量值。     

薄膜润滑中固—液相变的模拟

本文以分子动力学方法模拟了薄膜润滑中润滑剂的固液相变。模拟系统由两个平行的固体壁面和界于壁面间的流体分子构成。薄膜中流体分子的运动规律可由系统运动方程解得,再通过平均得到薄膜液体的宏观特性。计算结果表明,在薄膜润滑中润滑剂的一些性质会变成与膜厚有关的参量,一定条件下还会发生由壁面诱发的相变。薄膜中润滑剂的相变临界压力随膜厚的减小而降低,当相变压力低于系统给定压力时,润滑剂会发生固化。这种现象与薄膜中有序结构的发展规律有关。随着压力增加,流体分子的有序结构由壁面逐渐向薄膜中部发展,因此较厚的润滑膜需要较高的压力才能形成贯穿全膜的有序结构而产生相变。     

活塞裙部型线对流体动力润滑特性的影响

从活塞裙相对于气缸壁面变速润滑运动的状态出发，建立了雷诺方程，再以椭圆-双曲面表达热态时活塞裙部型面的形状，以解析式模拟裙部表面和气缸壁面之间的油膜分布，在最小油膜厚度不能小于气缸壁面和裙部表面的粗糙度的前提下，用有限元方法解雷诺方程，得出分布的油膜压力。并用油膜压力合力与侧压力是否平衡来判断裙部型面的设计是否合适。在计算过程中还发现中凸点附近的曲率半径不能过小。     

热弹性流体动力润滑椭圆接触问题的完全数值解

本文提出了一个热弹性流体动力润滑椭圆接触问题的完全数值解,并且描述了其相应的求解过程。通过联立求解允许润滑油粘度和密度沿油膜厚度方向变化的一般雷诺方程、弹性方程、润滑油膜的能量方程、固体的热传导方程以及润滑油的粘度方程和密度方程,求解出了不同滚动速度和滑滚比下的油膜压力分布、油膜厚度和形状、油膜内和固体内的三维的温度分布以及接触处的滑动摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数。所得到的数值结果表明：在一般中、低速情况下,热效应对压力分布、油膜厚度以及滚动摩擦系数的影响较小,但对滑动摩擦系数的影响则相当显著;在接触区外,油膜温升相比之下是微小的,而接触区内的温升明显地随滚动速度和滑滚比的增加而增加;在油膜接触区内,存在着一个形状和位置都与压力峰基本一致的温度高峰区;在固体与油膜之间的两个分界面上,温升一般略低于油膜中层温升,而进入固体以后,温升沿垂直于油膜的方向迅速衰减。本文所研究的问题系稳态问题润滑剂仍被假定为牛顿流体。     

液体圆柱静压导轨设计参数对其性能的影响

为研究液体圆柱静压导轨的初始参数对导轨性能的影响,以内反馈节流形式的液体圆柱静压导轨为研究对象,列出力平衡方程、流量连续性方程,经推导和线性化处理得到液体圆柱静压导轨的线性化微分方程组,利用Laplace变换得到传递函数,推导出液体圆柱静压导轨的数学模型。从时域、频域内分别分析初始油膜厚度、油液黏度、供油压力对导轨性能的影响。研究表明在低频段减小初始油膜厚度、增大油液黏度和供油压力,在高频段增大初始油膜厚度,可增大导轨动态刚度,提高支承的稳定性,减小导轨间隙相对稳态位移值。在高频段,油液黏度、供油压力对液体圆柱静压导轨的动态性能影响不大。研究工作对液体圆柱静压导轨的设计提供参考价值。     

点接触乏油混合润滑的数值模拟研究

基于改进的统一Reynolds方程,对点接触乏油混合润滑进行数值模拟,研究供油量、载荷、卷吸速度等对混合润滑性能的影响。分析时将润滑区域分为两部分,在压力区润滑油完全充满间隙,在空穴区润滑油部分充满间隙,这两区域的润滑特性都采用离散化的Reynolds方程求解;采用快速傅立叶变换算法求解弹性变形,采用GaussSeidal低松弛迭代逐行扫描法求解压力。结果表明:随着初始供油量的变化,润滑油油膜压力、油膜厚度以及部分油膜比例都会受到影响;速度对点接触乏油混合润滑的影响主要表现在油膜厚度分布上,而载荷的影响主要表现在压力分布上;随着载荷的升高,油膜压力将增大,而油膜厚度有轻微的减小,随着速度的升高润滑油油膜厚度减小。     

热流固耦合下柱塞泵配流副参数对摩擦性能的影响

为探讨热流固耦合下柱塞泵配流副参数对摩擦性能的影响,建立配流副的润滑模型,采用有限差分法对雷诺方程、能量方程和弹性变形方程进行求解,考虑黏度-温度、黏度-压力的关系,利用松弛迭代法求得热流固耦合下油膜压力、弹性变形与油膜温度分布的数值解,并运用MATLAB得到油膜压力、弹性变形、油膜温度分布云图;分析配流副参数对油膜承载力、摩擦力、摩擦转矩和摩擦因数的影响。结果表明：缸体倾斜角度和初始油膜厚度对油膜承载力的影响较大,增大缸体倾斜角度和减小初始油膜厚度,可提高油膜承载能力;减小润滑油黏度、增大初始油膜厚度能有效降低润滑摩擦过程中的摩擦力和摩擦因数。     

可倾瓦径向滑动轴承流体润滑性能分析

本文研究了可倾瓦径向滑动轴承流体润滑性能。推导了可倾瓦径向滑动轴承油膜厚度,得到可倾瓦径向滑动轴承的Reynolds方程,应用Matlab软件计算得到了油膜压力分布、油膜厚度分布,油膜承载力。计算结果表明:轴瓦的油膜压力3D分布呈现抛物面形分布,且下瓦油膜压力最大,油膜厚度最小,当偏心率较小时,承载力缓慢增大,当偏心率较大时,承载力急剧上升。该结论为轴承的设计与选用提供理论依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.