典型工况下动车组设备舱气动载荷与损伤规律

京广高铁武广段运用的CRH-3C型高速动车组设备舱内支架、裙板吊挂等焊缝位置以及其它应力集中点常有疲劳裂纹出现,而该现象在京津城际上运用的同型号动车组中却比较罕见。针对这种现象,考虑是武广段大量的隧道群所致。为了对此进行验证,在某动车组设备舱内裙、底板布置了大量气压和应变传感器,在沪昆高铁南昌西-宜春段进行了不同速度下大量的隧道通过、交会等典型工况测试,获得了丰富的气动载荷和动应力数据。以此试验为基础,对若干工况下,关键位置气动载荷和动应力的变化规律进行研究发现,伴随气压幅值突变,大多位置应力水平均有提高,裙板中央以及靠近车头的前部底板等处尤为明显。上述结论对武广段的CRH-3C型动车组设备舱疲劳破坏现象给出了合理解释,并对今后基于不同线路特点,有针对性的动车组型号选择和设备舱结构的优化设计提供了建议。     

某ABS阀支架振动疲劳分析及其优化设计

为了解决某ABS阀支架断裂失效问题,首先基于有限元方法对其进行模态分析,分析结果表明其前两阶固有模态频率与发动机的激励频率相一致,将产生共振,不满足模态性能要求。然后采集横梁左、右端的载荷谱,将其转换为功率谱密度载荷,并通过单位激励的频率响应分析,建立单位激励与应力之间的传递函数,以此对其进行振动疲劳分析,分析结果表明该支架的疲劳循环次数低于目标值,不满足疲劳性能要求,并且其危险点与断裂位置相同。再采用霍克-吉维斯直接搜索算法对该支架进行参数优化,并新增一条加强筋,得到最终对优化方案。优化之后该支架的第一阶频率能够避开发动机激励频率,其疲劳循环次数高于目标值,其重量也降低了16%,能够同时满足模态性能、疲劳性能和轻量化的要求。最后对优化方案进行道路验证和测试,测试结果表明该支架的振动激励降低了39.3%,优化效果比较明显,并且没有出现开裂现象。     

高速动车组齿轮箱疲劳裂纹机理分析研究

齿轮箱作为高速动车组牵引系统重要传动设备,在运用过程中主要承受来自于线路激扰的冲击作用,齿轮箱体出现了疲劳裂纹。以某型齿轮箱体为研究对象,统计开裂齿轮箱体的运营里程并对其进行疲劳断口分析,疲劳裂纹源发生于齿轮箱体内侧拐角处,该部位存在因齿轮箱体结构及凹坑等缺陷引起的应力集中。基于高速铁路线路测试,得到典型工况下轴箱、齿轮箱体的振动加速度信号及表面的动应力响应,并对齿轮箱体的自由模态进行分析研究。研究结果表明,列车高速直线运行时,轮轨激扰引起的齿轮箱体振动频率与其固有频率产生了交集,齿轮箱体产生局部共振,共振使齿轮箱体局部产生较高的动应力幅值,从而导致箱体出现裂纹。该研究对确保高速列车运用安全及齿轮箱体新型结构的设计提供参考。     

某轻型载货车储气罐支架振动断裂分析与优化

为了有效解决某轻型载货车储气罐支架的断裂故障,首先基于建立的储气罐支架有限元模型进行振动特性分析,分析结果表明其前三阶固有频率接均处于发动机激励频率范围之外,不会产生共振。其次测试各种道路的时域载荷,测试结果表明其中角度搓板路的激励频率与储气罐支架第一阶固有频率相接近,从而引起共振,不满足振动特性要求。然后对其进行振动强度分析,分析结果表明其应力水平不达标,其最大应力点与开裂处一致。再对其进行振动疲劳寿命预测分析,分析结果表明其疲劳寿命也不达标,其危险点也与失效位置相同。再采用集成平台对储气罐支架的结构进行优化设计,优化之后其模态频率、振动强度和振动疲劳均符合性能要求,并且其重量也有所减轻,总体优化效果较佳。最后整车试验结果表明优化之后储气罐支架的振动大幅度降低,并且没有发生失效。     

某前保险杠过渡支架振动开裂分析与优化

为了解决某前保险杠过渡支架的开裂问题,首先基于建立前保险杠总成有限元模型,对其进行振动特性分析,并且进行模态测试对标,分析结果表明其不会发生共振。然后采集纵梁前端在坏路的激励载荷,测试结果表明该前保险杠总成的第一阶模态频率与搓板路的激励频率相同,从而引起偶合共振。再对该前保险杠总成进行振动疲劳分析,分析结果表明其最低寿命低于实际工程设目标值,并且其危险点与开裂区域一致。再采用Isight集成平台对过渡支架进行多学科多目标优化分析,分析结果表明该过渡支架能够满足振动特性和疲劳性能设计要求。最后对其优化方案进行路试验证分析,分析结果表明优化之后过渡支架的振动幅值下降了32.1%,并且顺利通过了道路耐久试验。     

高速动车组裙板振动疲劳特性研究

主要用有限元软件ANSYS来建立某高速动车组支架和裙板的几何模型,进行网格划分,建立有限元模型,计算转向架裙板在EN 12663∶2000标准下的气动荷载静力,并与材料相关的许用应力做了比较,证明其满足静强度的相关要求。对支架和裙板的整体模态和应力应变进行分析,着重关心和分析吊钩的应力应变情况,计算出支架吊钩部件产生最大应力时的对应频率。在此基础上,用谐响应分析来仿真转向架裙板的振动情况,并计算了裙板在不同工况下吊钩目标节点的交变应力幅值,然后根据吊钩材料的S-N疲劳寿命曲线估算了吊钩的使用寿命,为工程实际应用提供了设计依据。     

透平叶片全域动应变-叶尖振动映射方法研究

针对高速旋转叶片振动导致的叶片裂纹甚至断裂而影响设备运行安全的问题,研究了叶片全域动应变与叶尖振动幅值的映射关系,提出一种透平叶片弯曲及扭转共振下叶片动应变非接触式测试方法,可实现基于叶尖振动幅值的叶片动应变反演,为叶片疲劳寿命预测奠定基础。首先,以某透平叶片为对象,对叶片进行模态分析获取全域应变和幅值比,进行叶尖振动测量点的优化;其次,运用振动台对叶片进行振动激励试验,获得叶片1阶、2阶共振下模态频率和应变-位移响应比,并对有限元分析模型进行修正。研究结果表明,所提出的叶片动应变测试应变-位移相对误差小于10%,频率误差小于1%,证明了叶片动应变测试方法的有效性。     

某载货车储气筒支架振动分析及其优化设计

针对某载货车储气筒支架的开裂问题,首先基于储气筒总成有限元模型对其进行模态分析,分析结果表明其前两阶固有频率与发动机激励频率重合,会产生共振,不满足动态特性要求.再采集车架端的激励信号,对其进行频率响应分析,分析结果表明其应力水平超过材料屈服,并且危险点与开裂区域相符,不满足强度性能要求.再采用邻域培植多目标遗传算法对...     

基于模态分析的某客车车身NVH性能优化

针对某客车存在的车身共振问题,对白车身进行模态分析、获取其模态参数,分析出产生共振的原因为车身一阶模态频率与轮胎不平衡产生的激励频率相近;建立白车身有限元模型,进行模态仿真分析;通过对比试验及仿真的白车身模态参数,验证模型的准确性;针对其一阶模态频率,对白车身模型进行模态应变能分析,选取车身一阶模态振型下刚度不足位置,对白车身进行加强,提高白车身一阶模态频率,使之避免与轮胎激励频率相近而造成的车身共振,实现白车身NVH性能的改善.     

前副车架振动特性分析及其优化设计

为了解决某SUV在高速时产生的振动与噪声问题,基于前副车架有限元分析模型和自由模态计算对其进行振动特性分析,获取其低阶模态频率及其阵型,分析结果表明其第1阶扭转频率处于发动机激励频率范围之内,将引起前副车架产生共振,从而产生剧烈振动和噪声。基于霍克-吉维斯直接搜索法对前副车架的料厚进行优化设计,得到了各个零部件最优的厚度值,分析结果表明优化之后其前4阶模态频率均有所提高,并且均处于发动机的激励频率范围之外,能够避免发生共振,满足模态设计要求。对前副车架的优化方案进行模态试验,试验结果表明其模态频率及其阵型的测试值与仿真值基本一致。整车道路试验结果表明优化之后前副车架的振动明显减少,最终成功解决了该故障问题。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.