假肢接受腔硅胶材料的力学性能研究

采用HY0580的压缩试验机,在反复压缩模式下模拟假肢接收腔/硅胶材料界面,研究了4种不同表面结构的硅胶内衬套材料的力学压缩性能。结果表明:4种不同表面结构的硅胶内衬套材料在载荷分别为0.5 N、3 N、7 N、10 N的试验工况下进行压缩试验时,都是在相同载荷(4.5 N)时出现平台期;在同等载荷的情况下,因1和4号硅胶材料正反两面均为光面,表面微凸体不高,粗糙度较小,2和3号材料与皮肤接触的反面上微凸体较高,粗糙度较大,故1号和4号材料的变形比2号和3号小,说明材料表面的各种纹路对缓解皮肤的压力有一定作用,硅胶材料反面上的粗大微凸体,增加了与皮肤的粘结性,有利于降低皮肤摩擦损伤的风险,提高残肢患者穿戴舒适性。     

机车牵引齿轮材料摩擦磨损性能试验研究

以某高速机车牵引齿轮材料42Cr Mo-17Cr Ni Mo6为研究对象,在销盘往复摩擦磨损试验机上研究接触载荷和相对滑动速度对其摩擦磨损性能的影响规律;利用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌,进而分析材料摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:机车牵引齿轮材料的摩擦因数随载荷和速度的增加而降低并逐渐趋于稳定;机车牵引齿轮材料在摩擦条件下在磨损表面形成了犁沟,由于载荷和速度的增加使得犁沟间距变宽、摩擦表面更加平整,从而导致材料摩擦因数减低。     

磁场条件下钢轨材料的摩擦磨损性能试验研究

基于HSR-2M高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,试验研究在永磁体磁场条件下,法向载荷、往复速度等参数对钢轨材料摩擦性能的影响,通过磨痕形貌分析其磨损机制,并与无磁场条件下的结果进行对比。试验结果表明:磁场的引入可以在一定程度上减小钢轨材料的摩擦因数、磨损率;增大滑动速度对摩擦因数和磨损率均有减小作用,增大载荷能够降低摩擦因数,但磨损率增加;磁场能够提高钢轨材料在摩擦过程中的磨损性能。无磁场时,钢轨材料磨损形式为典型的磨粒磨损,摩擦系统的磨损率和摩擦因数较大;有磁场时,磨损形式主要为黏着磨损,摩擦因数和磨损率较小。     

双粗糙面滑动过程摩擦因数的变化分析

采用W-M函数建立具有分形特征的三维双粗糙面接触模型,考虑了接触界面间的黏着效应,在滑动速度、法向载荷及界面剪切强度等参数变化下,运用有限元方法探讨了粗糙体在滑动过程中摩擦因数的变化情况。结果显示,滑动速度、法向载荷及界面剪切强度等参数对摩擦因数的变化有一定的影响,边界润滑工况下平均摩擦因数为0.28,无润滑工况下平均摩擦因数为0.713,最大界面剪切强度时的平均摩擦因数为0.73;随着界面剪切强度的减小、法向载荷的增大、滑动速度的增加,滑动摩擦因数有所减小。与相关文献结论或实验结果进行比较,证明了上述结果的正确性。分析结果可为摩擦学设计和摩擦材料的制备提供理论参考。     

影响井下防喷器胶筒与套管间摩擦因数的因素

通过摩擦试验,研究了正压力、相对滑动速度以及润滑条件对井下防喷器胶筒与套管间摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:相同正压力下,无润滑剂和水润滑摩擦时,两者间的摩擦因数随着滑动速度的增加而增加,在油润滑时,滑动速度的增加有利于润滑膜的形成,使摩擦因数降低;在相同正压力和相对滑动速度下,油润滑摩擦因数均值最小,水润滑时次之,无润滑剂时最大;正压力的影响无规律性。     

不同类型基础油单向和往复滑动时摩擦因数比较

以150SN、150N、PAO6和季戊四醇酯为例,采用 MM-1P 摩擦磨损试验机和 PLINT 试验机,分别测试4类基础油在单向和往复滑动下的摩擦因数,为润滑油产品选择相应摩擦特性的基础油提供依据。试验结果表明：单向滑动时Ⅱ类基础油150N 和Ⅳ类基础油 PAO6的摩擦因数随负荷的增加而增大,Ⅰ类基础油150SN 和Ⅴ类基础油季戊四醇酯的摩擦因数随负荷的增加而减小;往复滑动时摩擦因数的最大值和稳态平均值按 PAO6、150N、150SN、季戊四醇酯的顺序依次降低。     

永磁场条件下45钢与GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能试验研究

基于HSR-2M高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,研究在永磁体磁场条件下滑动速度、载荷等参数对45#钢/GCr15钢摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响,通过磨痕形貌分析其磨损机制,并与无磁场条件下的试验结果进行对比。试验结果表明:磁场的引入可以在一定程度上减小摩擦因数和降低磨损率,证明磁场能够改善45#钢/GCr15钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能;增大滑动速度将降低摩擦因数和磨损率,增大载荷将降低摩擦因数,增加磨损率。无磁场时,摩擦副的摩擦磨损为典型的磨粒磨损,磨损系统的磨损率和摩擦因数较大;有磁场时,磨损形式主要为黏着磨损,摩擦因数和磨损率较小。     

PVA-Silk复合水凝胶的摩擦磨损性能研究

选用高分子聚乙烯醇(PVA)和蚕丝(Silk)为原料,采用反复冷冻-解冻法制备PVA-Silk复合水凝胶。在往复式微摩擦试验机上研究PVA-Silk复合水凝胶的摩擦磨损性能,采用激光位移传感器测量PVA-Silk复合水凝胶的磨损深度,在扫描电镜上观察PVA-Silk复合水凝胶磨损后的微观形貌。结果表明,PVA-Silk复合水凝胶在摩擦磨损过程中随载荷的增大,启动摩擦因数增大,平均摩擦因数的增幅减小;随着滑动速率的增加,启动摩擦因数呈先减小后增大的趋势,平均摩擦因数的增幅减小。最大磨损深度随着磨损时间和载荷的增加而增大,磨损宽度没有明显变化,经过10min放置后磨损深度可恢复66.7%。磨损后表面存在明显的往复滑动褶皱,但没有明显的材料黏着剥落现象,放置一段时间后材料会产生恢复,褶皱消失。     

多绳摩擦提升机树脂基摩擦衬垫的摩擦学行为

采用CFT往复摩擦磨损试验机研究多绳摩擦提升机树脂基摩擦衬垫在干摩擦条件及不同载荷和滑动速度下摩擦因数的变化规律,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对摩擦衬垫试样的磨损形貌进行观察分析。试验结果表明：不同树脂基摩擦衬垫摩擦因数变化规律具有一致性,即摩擦因数随载荷与滑动速度的增加而减小;由于摩擦衬垫的成分不同,其摩擦因数的主要影响因素不同;磨损形式也由于材料的不同出现黏着磨损、疲劳磨损以及热磨损;载荷对摩擦衬垫磨损的影响比滑动速度更显著。     

不同交联密度下硫化丁腈橡胶摩擦特性的分子动力学模拟

建立了不同交联密度(0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6)硫化丁腈橡胶-铁基板分子动力学摩擦模型,分析了在剪切摩擦过程中交联密度对摩擦因数、相对原子浓度、摩擦界面温度和橡胶分子均方位移的影响,并对模型的准确性进行了试验验证。结果表明:硫化丁腈橡胶-铁基板摩擦副的摩擦因数随交联密度的增加而增大,该变化趋势与试验结果一致。硫化交联可以有效提高橡胶分子之间的刚度,限制分子链发生移动,导致摩擦界面相对原子浓度和橡胶分子均方位移减小;橡胶分子刚度增加,使得橡胶基体与铁基板的相对位移增大,铁基板移动需要克服更多的原子性黏结,即黏附摩擦力增加,导致摩擦界面摩擦因数增大;而相对位移增大也导致更多的能量损耗,使摩擦界面产生更多的热量,摩擦界面温度上升。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.