利用煤矸石制备陶粒的配比和烧结制度的试验研究

以煤矸石为主要原料,采用烧结法研制陶粒.通过研究原料配比和烧成制度对陶粒性能的影响,得出制备陶粒的最佳配比为煤矸石∶粉煤灰∶混合料=80∶ 10∶10,外掺1％甲基纤维素;利用正交试验确定了煤矸石陶粒的最佳烧结制度:预热温度300℃、预热时间15 min,烧成温度1100℃、烧成时间45 min,分析表明影响陶粒吸水率的主要因素是预热时间,影响堆积密度的主要因素是烧结时间.并对产品进行了微观结构分析(SEM).     

影响烧结陶粒性能的因素分析

本文拟探讨原料的掺入量、原料的粒度和烧结过程中升温速率对陶粒性能--筒压强度、堆积密度和吸水率的影响。以金尾矿、粉煤灰和煤粉为原料烧制陶粒。结果发现在原料粉煤灰、煤粉与水的质量比为35∶5∶30的情况下,金尾矿掺入量的质量比为65时,陶粒筒压强度最大;在金尾矿、煤粉与水的质量比为65∶5∶30的情况下,粉煤灰掺入质量比的增加,对陶粒筒压强度、堆积密度影响不显著;原料中的金尾矿粒度越细,陶粒筒压强度越大,堆积密度越小,吸水率越大;在烧结过程中,升温速率的提高,将引起陶粒筒压强度减小,堆积密度减小,吸水率增大。     

硼泥陶粒制备工艺的优化实验研究

本文根据硼泥的化学成分设计了制备硼泥陶粒的原料比例,参考相关资料制定了陶粒的预热温度、烧结温度、烧结时间等制备工艺参数,进行基础实验.通过基础实验确定烧制硼泥陶粒的主要影响因素及适宜的工艺参数,进行正交试验,确定制备硼泥陶粒的合理原料配比和最佳的焙烧制度:预热温度450℃,焙烧温度1200℃,焙烧时间15 min.制备出硼泥陶粒试样的技术性能为:表观密度833 kg/m3,筒压强度4.7 MPa,1h吸水率2.3％,远低于吸水率≤22％的国家标准规定,既具有高强膨胀的特性,又具有极低的吸水率.     

牛粪、矿渣与污泥烧制高强陶粒研究

本研究用牛粪、矿渣、污泥进行陶粒烧制实验,确定了最佳配比为牛粪10％,污泥35％,矿渣55％,最佳烧制工艺为干燥2h,预热温度350℃,预热时间20 min,焙烧温度1200℃,焙烧时间10 min.性能检测为堆积密度为417 kg,/m3、密度等级为500级、吸水率为0.9％、筒压强度为10 MPa,完全符合轻集料及其试验方法(GB/T17431.1-1998)中规定的高强陶粒的要求.     

污泥和石英尾矿制备建材陶粒的烧结温度研究

为了处理城市污水处理厂的污泥,将污泥配以石英砂尾矿、粘合剂和河道底泥添加剂可以生产轻质陶粒。利用脱水污泥,经过粉磨、干燥、焙烧等加工工艺,按照陶粒原料组成以污泥∶石英砂尾矿∶粘结剂∶河道底泥=4∶4∶3∶3、进料温度为400℃、预热时间为20 min、烧结时间为25 min为条件,考察烧结温度对陶粒性能的影响,结果表明,烧结温度为1 080℃时,陶粒的筒压强度最大、吸水率和堆积密度最小。     

高强淤泥陶粒轻集料的性能与制备技术

在系统分析淤泥理化性质的基础上,研究了最高烧结温度对淤泥陶粒性能的影响.研究结果表明,所用南京市九龙湖地区的湖泊淤泥的化学成分在Riley膨胀区范围内,矿物组成合理,粒度较细,有利于陶粒生料在高温下产生气体,形成体积膨胀,具备烧制淤泥陶粒的基本条件.淤泥陶粒的堆积密度、表观密度、吸水率和筒压强度均受到最高烧制温度的显著影响.在1050℃时烧制的淤泥陶粒筒压强度为6.65 MPa,属于高强陶粒轻集料;高温烧结后陶粒的矿物组成发生明显变化;最高烧结温度对淤泥陶粒显微形貌的影响主要表现为微孔数目的变化.     

低硅铁尾矿陶粒烧结工艺优化试验

为提高铁尾矿循环利用的附加值,采用低硅铁尾矿制备烧结型轻质陶粒.结合低硅铁尾矿的化学成分,确定该类陶粒原材料质量比例为铁尾矿70％,膨润土20％及铝矾土10％.经成球盘制备成团球,采用正交试验进行烧结工艺参数设计,以确定合理烧结制度.试验结果表明:低硅铁尾矿陶粒最优烧结制度为预热温度400℃,预热时间20 min,烧结温度1140℃,烧结时间15 min.在该工艺条件下,低硅铁尾矿陶粒的堆积密度为705 kg·m-3,表观密度1612 kg·m-3,吸水率9.67％,筒压强度6.81 MPa,满足国家规范的要求.     

800密度等级的渣土陶粒制备及性能研究

为进一步促进城市渣土资源化利用,本文研制了800密度等级,粒径不同(10~15 mm,15~25 mm)的渣土陶粒.探究了原料配方、烧制工艺对渣土陶粒性能的影响规律,同时采用超景深光学显微镜和扫描电镜对渣土陶粒的微观结构进行了分析.研究结果表明:(1)渣土:粉煤灰质量配比为75∶25时,预热温度500 ℃,预热时间20 min,焙烧时间15 min,焙烧温度1190 ℃下,可制备出不同粒径(10~15 mm,15~25 mm)的800密度等级渣土陶粒;(2)15~25 mm粒径的渣土陶粒,筒压强度为4.6 MPa,堆积密度729 kg/m3,表观密度1329 kg/m3,1 h吸水率为1.7%,烧失量1.4%;10~15 mm粒径的渣土陶粒,筒压强度为5.2 MPa,堆积密度760 kg/m3,表观密度1483 kg/m3,1 h吸水率为1.6%,烧失量1.4%;(3)不同粒径下的渣土陶粒微观结构均比较疏松,其中小粒径渣土陶粒内部结构相比大粒径较疏松,孔隙较多,孔径较大.     

污泥与油页岩半焦制备陶粒滤料的研究

采用造粒、干燥、预热、烧结工艺，以油页岩半焦、粉煤灰、污泥三种固体废弃物为原料制备污水处理厂用人工陶粒滤料。以盐酸可溶率、筒压强度、空隙率和比表面积为陶粒滤料主要性能指标，探究陶粒烧制过程中原料配比、烧结温度及原材料特性等因素对陶粒性能的影响。实验结果表明：油页岩半焦与粉煤灰的最佳比例为3∶5,煅烧温度超过1125℃时陶粒的比表面积和空隙率有明显的降低。随着陶粒原料中污泥含量的提高，盐酸可溶率和筒压强度逐渐降低，而空隙率和比表面积逐渐升高，但仍符合CJ/T 299-2008标准的要求。油页岩半焦中残余的有机组分有利于陶粒制备过程中孔隙的形成。     

钨冶炼渣制备高强烧结陶粒及其性能研究

基于钨冶炼废渣难处理的现状，提出一种制备高强度陶瓷颗粒的无害化利用途径。以钨冶炼废渣为主要原料，黏土作为塑形剂和助烧剂，采用高温烧结法制备性能优良的高强陶粒。系统研究了原料配比、预热条件和烧结条件对陶粒性能的影响，并探讨了烧结过程中物相变化对陶粒性能的影响。在m（钨渣）∶m（黏土）为6∶4、预热温度为400℃、预热时间为20 min、烧结温度为1 150℃、烧结时间为30 min的优化条件下，可获得单颗粒抗压强度为15.64 MPa、筒压强度为18.37 MPa、表观密度为1 713 kg/m3、堆积密度为892 kg/m3、1 h吸水率为8.79%的陶粒产品，其常见重金属浸出毒性符合GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》要求，可作为高强度建筑骨料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。