灰色模型在疲劳寿命预测中的应用

疲劳寿命预测的问题是疲劳研究中的重要课题。影响疲劳寿命的因素多且复杂,利用灰色理论方法进行疲劳寿命预测,提出了非等间距GM(1,1)模型和中心逼近式GM(1,1)模型两种预测疲劳寿命的方法。通过对实验数据进行分析和整理,然后建立微分方程,利用MATLAB软件计算得到灰色预测值。与实验数据值进行比较,得出结果表明灰色模型方法具有很高的预测精度,证明灰色理论是一种简单可行的、可靠的分析方法。     

水润滑艉轴承的磨损寿命研究

磨损破坏是水润滑艉轴承最为常见的破坏形式,对其磨损寿命的预测和研究有着重要的现实意义。根据水润滑艉轴承的Streibeck曲线和Meeks模型设计轴承加速寿命试验,并通过试验获得轴承的寿命特征参数;采用基于灰色估计法求解Weibull分布,获得轴承的寿命评估模型;将寿命特征参数代入评估模型中,获得水润滑艉轴承的寿命分布模型。实验结果表明该模型的精度很高,在工程实践中可以利用该模型对滑动轴承的磨损可靠性寿命进行预测。     

铁路列车轴承疲劳寿命预测方法研究

研究本项目旨在将神经网络理论和灰色预测方法引入到轴承健康管理中,研究滚动轴承振动机理、信号特征及其非线性动力学模型,提取机车高速运行时滚动轴承的温度和振动信号,采用神经网络与灰色预测相结合的方法对电力机车轴承进行健康管理的仿真试验和轴承寿命预测方法研究。     

基于多SVM误差加权的轴承剩余寿命预测

针对传统的以概率统计为基础的轴承寿命预测方法需要大量的轴承寿命试验数据,且运行周期较长,难以满足特定工况下轴承寿命状态预测的问题。通过多SVM的预测误差进行加权获得轴承的剩余寿命。首先采集多个轴承的全过程寿命振动数据,针对获取的多个轴承的振动数据进行特性提取并利用主成分分析进行特性约简,实现对轴承运行寿命评估特性指标的建立,并利用粒子群算法改进的多个支持向量机模型进行剩余寿命预测建模,利用所建立的多个模型对要预测的轴承特征数据进行预测,并通过各个模型的误差权重来实现轴承剩余寿命的准确预测。通过实验分析验证了模型的有效性。     

锥齿轮疲劳寿命预测的灰色GM(1,1)模型

齿轮疲劳寿命的评价与预测需要大量的齿轮疲劳试验数据,而灰色GM(1,1)模型则可以对小样本实验数据进行分析。介绍了灰色GM(1,1)模型的原理,建立了一个实例的齿轮疲劳寿命的GM(1,1)模型,预测结果具有较高的精度。证明了将灰色系统理论用于弧齿锥齿轮的疲劳寿命试验数据预测是可行的。     

滚动轴承磨损寿命数据的灰色预测

为了克服用概率方法对滚动轴承磨损寿命预测数据不足的缺陷,用滚动轴承磨损失效循环次数构造时间序列,提出应用灰色系统理论对少量已有的滚动轴承磨损寿命数据进行预测,扩充样本容量。研究表明利用灰色系统理论能在试验数据较少的情况下,建立灰色预测模型,来构造磨损寿命的数据序列,得到较精确的预测结果。利用此方法可以缩短试验的时间,节约试验的费用,对滚动轴承磨损寿命预测及可靠性评估是有益的。     

基于K-S检验和动态灰色模型的机械设备剩余寿命预测方法

提出了一种基于K-S检验和动态灰色模型的机械设备剩余寿命预测方法。提出以Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验为基础的K-S距离作为描述机械设备退化状态的性能指标,通过退化指标序列动态训练灰色模型、更新模型参数,预测退化指标的变化趋势并确定到达设定失效阈值时的预测步数,以此计算机械设备的剩余使用寿命。最后通过轴承全寿命样本数据对其验证,并与传统的二次曲线拟合预测法和静态灰色模型预测法进行比较,结果表明所提出的方法更能有效地预测轴承的剩余寿命,具有较高的预测精度。     

基于全卷积层神经网络的轴承剩余寿命预测

传统的数据驱动的轴承剩余寿命预测方法需要基于知识和经验,通过人工建立性能退化指标,费时费力,为此,采用卷积神经网络对输入信号进行特征自学习和剩余寿命预测。将传统卷积神经网络中的全连接层全部更换为卷积层与池化层,以减少神经网络需训练的参数;采用加权平均方法对预测结果进行降噪处理。轴承加速寿命实验数据集验证了所提方法的有效性。     

车辆发动机可靠性寿命试验数据的预测方法

针对车辆发动机可靠性寿命试验时间长的问题,提出采用灰色系统预测理论对车辆发动机可靠性寿命试验数据进行预测,建立了发动机可靠性寿命试验数据的无偏灰色预测GM(1,1)幂模型,通过采用试验数据序列与预测数据序列总体分布函数相等性检验方法确认无偏灰色预测GM(1,1)幂模型用于发动机可靠性寿命试验数据预测是可行的。算例结果表明,采用灰色理论预测方法预测发动机可靠性寿命试验数据并进行相关的分布函数参数估计有较高的精度,可达到缩短发动机可靠性寿命试验时间和节约试验费用目的。     

基于粒子群算法的地下管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测

以灰色理论为基础,探讨了PSO算法的用法.分析了在灰色理论的基础上用PSO算法预测剩余寿命的可行性,对地下管道进行寿命预测.利用该方法,可以在测量数据很少的情况下,预测地下管道的剩余寿命.实例计算表明,基于PSO算法的灰色理论优化方法优于现有的灰色预测方法和基于GA的灰色理论优化方法.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.