影响发酵型保健酒发酵因素的探讨

正本文通过对各种发酵酒发酵工艺条件的分析,探讨了菌种及菌种量、料液比及料米比、发酵醪p H、发酵温度、发酵醪糖度、SO2浓度等因素对发酵工艺的影响,以期提高发酵型保健酒的品质,开拓发酵型保健酒市场的广阔前景。发酵酒是借酵母发酵作用,把含淀粉和糖质原料的物质进行发酵酿制而成的酒液。常用的有葡萄酒、啤酒、水果酒、黄酒与米酒等。随着人们生     

曲种对稠酒发酵过程中酒精度的影响

目的 研究稠酒发酵过程中酒精度变化与稠酒曲种的关系.方法 采用固-液2次连续发酵工艺,在适当的发酵温度下,变化不同的曲种和接种量,测定发酵醪的酒精度.结果 发酵过程中酒精度随曲种及接种量的不同而变化.结论 采用糖化生醇兼并型曲种,在发酵中期补加生醇能力强的曲种,有利于提高酒精度,促进产品成熟,使发酵更彻底.     

小曲米酒糖化发酵醪液酸败的技术防治措施

我国南方气候相比北方温湿度偏高、持续时间较长,尤其在夏秋季节,其气候条件更适宜细菌滋生繁殖。在此期间,小曲米酒的糖化发酵醪液一旦被杂菌感染,极易造成酸败,导致出酒率及米酒品质下降。在分析糖化发酵醪液酸败主要原因的基础上,从曲麸质量、工艺卫生、醪液品温控制以及药物抑菌等方面采取针对性防治措施,为南方小曲米酒酿酒企业解决醪液酸败工艺问题提供可借鉴的技术方案。     

湘北谷酒与湘中米酒的比较研究

目的:对湘北谷酒与湘中米酒酒曲、生产工艺以及成品酒指标进行比较,为谷酒的产业化生产提供依据;方法:采用常规方法测定、比较糖化力、酒化力、酒精度、总酯、微生物含量;结果:谷酒酒曲的微生物总数、根霉菌数糖化力与湘中米酒酒曲基本相同.但酵母数、酒化力略高于米酒酒曲;湘北谷酒的酒度、出酒率和总酯均高于湘中米酒,高级醇含量基本持平,感官指标优于湘中米酒;结论:谷酒较米酒的发酵工艺更合理,蒸馏方式更科学,产品质量更稳定;谷酒比米酒更适合大规模产业化.     

不同酵母菌株发酵蓝莓酒有机酸的动态变化研究

试验以野生蓝莓为原料,利用不同酵母菌株发酵生产蓝莓酒,采用高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法测定9种有机酸在发酵过程中的含量变化。结果显示,不同酵母菌株发酵过程中9种有机酸的含量有着明显的差异,且发酵各个阶段的9种有机酸的总含量变化趋势也有所不同。前发酵结束时,3株菌发酵的蓝莓酒体中9种有机酸含量均高于初始发酵醪液,其中GF3最高,为初始发酵醪液的6倍~7倍,T1、FK3-2非常接近,为初始发酵醪液的3倍左右。后发酵结束时,T1和FK3-2发酵的酒体中有机酸含量几乎没有差别,而GF3发酵酒体中有机酸含量最高,是其他两株菌株的两倍以上。3株菌株后发酵结束时酒体中9种有机酸的含量均比初始发酵醪液高,且均低于主发酵结束时的含量。     

黄酒醪酸败原因分析及预防措施

有害微生物造成的黄酒发酵醪酸败对黄酒酿造的危害很大，降低原料利用率，使黄酒变质，损害其风味。该文对引起黄酒发酵过程中酒醪酸败的现象和原因进行了综合分析，提出了预防和补救的办法，以期减少酒醪酸败造成的损失。     

曲种对稠酒发酵过程中酒精度的影响

目的研究稠酒发酵过程中酒精度变化与稠酒曲种的关系。方法采用固-液2次连续发酵工艺，在适当的发酵温度下，变化不同的曲种和接种量，测定发酵醪的酒精度。结果发酵过程中酒精度随曲种及接种量的不同而变化。结论采用糖化生醇兼并型曲种，在发酵中期补加生醇能力强的曲种，有利于提高酒精度，促进产品成熟，使发酵更彻底。     

橡子米酒的生产工艺研究

以橡粉和糯米为原料,按一定的比例混合发酵生产橡子米酒。采用正交实验法确定原料配比、混合发酵温度、发酵时间等工艺条件,测定了发酵醪中还原糖、酒度及总酸在发酵过程中的变化,并进行营养成分分析。      

米酒贮存期的酒体风味变化研究

试验通过对不同容器发酵的米酒进行贮存期的口感和理化跟踪研究，结果为：不同容器发酵的米酒呈现不同的特点，并没有明显的优劣之分:埕发酵的米酒成熟速度比较快，1年可达到日常基酒使用要求，蜜香、陈香好，酒体比较醇和、绵甜，丰满；缸发酵的米酒，成熟速度稍慢，达到日常基酒使用要求需要1.5年，香气比较复合、舒适，酒体醇厚、甜爽、长。在主要风味成分的变化上，埕发酵的米酒在酸、酯的含量上均比缸发酵的米酒高，且在贮存过程中，埕发酵的米酒风味物质的变化总体较缸发酵的米酒缓慢。     

树舌滋补甜米酒的研制

本文研究比较了几种酒曲制作甜米酒的效果：以不问形式的树舌各自与糯米混合发酵，获得较好的组合；比较不同树舌用量发酵米酒的效果，分析了树舌米酒发酵醪中糖度和酒度在发酵过程中的动态变化，对树舌米酒和普通米酒的成分进行了分析测定。结果表明，将树舌这种药用真菌与糯米以适当比例混合发酵可以充分利用甜酒酿中微生物的分解及合成作脂，酿制出保健树舌米酒。本项研究对进一步开发树舌类真菌资源，让传统的保健药用真菌以普通食品的菜式进入百姓生活提供了新的思路。     

葡萄皮渣酿造葡萄醋过程中化学成分动态变化分析

利用葡萄皮渣发酵的葡萄酒醪进行醋酸发酵酿造葡萄醋,并研究发酵过程中化学成分的动态变化。采用GC-MS、氨基酸分析仪和原子吸收光谱对发酵过程中化学成分动态变化进行分析。结果表明:葡萄酒醪和葡萄醋的香气成分的种类相似,主要为酯类和醇类（主要是琥珀酸单乙酯和苯乙醇）;葡萄酒醪与葡萄醋氨基酸的种类和含量都相差较大,葡萄酒醪有15种氨基酸,葡萄醋只有5种氨基酸;检测的8种金属元素在葡萄酒醪和葡萄醋中差异不大。      

老陈醋分割式浓醪酒精发酵工艺的优化

为了缓解老陈醋浓醪酒精发酵中高底物浓度和高酒精浓度对酵母菌的抑制作用,以大豆粕与花生粕为原料,通过单因素及正交试验优化生物氮源营养剂制备工艺,并采用响应面法优化浓醪酒精发酵工艺。结果表明,分割式浓醪酒精发酵所需生物氮源营养剂的最优制备工艺参数为：大豆粕与花生粕质量比5∶1、加水量80%、米曲霉接种量0.04%;分割式浓醪酒精发酵的最优工艺参数为：粮水比1.0∶2.7（kg∶L）,生物氮源营养剂用量4%,大曲用量20%,最终酒醪的酒精度为12.89%vol。与稀醪酒精发酵相比,分割式浓醪酒精发酵大曲用量节约18%～24%,发酵时间节省16%～20%,酒醪的酒精度提高4.18%vol,所酿造的老陈醋氨基酸态氮及总酯含量分别提高了25%与17%。     

Analyses of peptides in sake mash: forming a profile of bitter-tasting peptides

Some oligopeptides and amino acids have a strong influence on the sensory qualities of sake, but the formation process of such compounds in sake mash has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the formation process of bitter-tasting peptides derived from rice proteins in sake mash, because knowledge about their formation may contribute to the quality control of sake. We analyzed rice protein hydrolysates in sake mash, as well as in the enzymatic digest of steamed rice grains digested by either sake-koji or by crude enzyme extracted from sake-koji. SDS–PAGE showed that a smaller amount of polypeptides (> M.W. 10,000) accumulated in the supernatant of sake mash than in either enzymatic digest. The concentration of peptides in the supernatant of sake mash increased gradually from the early stages of fermentation. Five bitter-tasting peptides (No. 9, < QLFNPS; No. 13, < QLFNPSTNP; No. 17, < QLFNPSTNPWH; No. 18, < QLFNPSTNPWHSP; No. 20, < QLFGPNVNPWHNP), which were previously found in sake mash, were not found in significant amounts in sake-koji. On the other hand, these peptides accumulated at the early stages of both sake mash fermentation and the enzymatic digests, although the levels in sake mash were higher than those in the digests. The present study demonstrated that the 5 bitter-tasting peptides formed in high concentrations when steamed rice grains were digested under conditions of sake mash fermentation with yeast.     

黄酒发酵醪中特有乳酸杆菌检测和培养基的研究及初步鉴定

通过可溶性淀粉的添加量、培养温度、"X"物质的添加量三因素三水平对黄酒发酵醪中乳酸杆菌培养基配方和培养方法的正交试验研究,以及性能的测定和初步鉴定,表明:黄酒发酵醪中乳酸杆菌培养、分离的培养基配方和培养方法为:加饭酒稀释至酒精度14.5%voL、加"X"物质的量1.3%、加可溶性淀粉0.5%或不加、培养温度18℃或30℃、压盖密封培养;黄酒后发酵醪中的优势菌,在上述培养基中18℃生长良好,25℃及以上生长不良或生长极慢,初步鉴定为乳酸杆菌的新种,命名为黄酒乳酸杆菌Ⅱ-1(Lactobacillus chinese-rice-wineⅡ-1)。黄酒前发酵醪中的优势菌,在上述培养基中30℃生长良好,20℃及以下生长缓慢,初步鉴定为乳酸杆菌的新种,命名为黄酒乳酸杆菌Ⅱ-2(Lactobacillus chinese-rice-wineⅡ-2)。     

酒精浓醪发酵蒸煮过程中节能减排的计算与分析

摘通过对酒精发酵蒸煮过程的计算,分析了降低蒸煮环节能耗的几种办法。结果表明,加水比由3．4降低到2．2,节约蒸汽约31．2％,醪液量减少约34．1％,提高生产能力30％以上;生熟料换热温度从50℃提高到90℃,节约蒸汽约78％;滤液回用,减少排糟液量;喷射液化,减少蒸汽的消耗量。     

EFFECTS OF PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AROMATIC RED RICE WINE

The quality of rice wine made from uncooked, unpolished aromatic red rice grain was improved by use of a commercial preparation of acid protease from Aspergillus niger during ethanol fermentation. The fermentation rate of the mash which contained the acid protease was much higher than that of mash that did not contain the preparation of acid protease. The rice wine made from uncooked, polished aromatic red rice, which usually had a less acceptable aroma, was improved by use of the preparation of acid protease, and large amounts of isobutyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and ethyl acetate were detected in the resultant rice wine. By contrast, the quality of rice wine made from the bran fraction of aromatic red rice was not improved by the preparation of acid protease. The polished rice fraction of aromatic red rice was affected by the acid protease and the aromatic quality of the rice wine was improved. The aromatic characteristics of red rice wine made from cooked, unpolished aromatic red rice grains, which was rather inferior in terms of both aroma and color, were also improved by the addition of the preparation of acid protease during ethanol fermentation. Thus acid protease has beneficial effects on the production of aromatic red rice wine.     

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACID HYDROPEROXIDES PRODUCED DURING THE PRODUCTION OF WORT

Linoleic and linolenic acid hydroperoxides in malt, mash, or wort were determined with high sensitivity and high selectivity by the chemiluminescence-high performance liquid chromatography (CL-HPLC) method using isoluminol-microperoxidase solution as a luminescing reagent. The determination limit of this method for both hydroperoxides was 0.1 μM in mash or wort. During the mashing in a laboratory mash bath, the hydroperoxides started to increase just after mashing-in, reached a maximum at 65°C, and then decreased. Though the hydroperoxides were detected in mash just before the lautering in a pilot scale brewing, they disappeared during the lautering and could not be detected during the subsequent stages of wort production. Therefore, it was thought that the mashing process is the most important of the lipid oxidation reactions during wort production. It is also expected that the CL-HPLC method can give useful information on lipid oxidation mechanisms during wort production.     

酿造酱渣开发利用的研究进展

对酱渣的研究现状进行了综述,评述了发酵法处理酱渣以及压榨取油的优缺点,指出了目前存在的未区分原料和处理方法较单一等问题。为了实现资源利用的最大化,从酱渣中提取油脂、膳食纤维、磷脂、黄酮等将引起人们更多的关注。     

EFFECTS OF THE COOKING PROCESS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AROMATIC RED RICE WINE

Fermentation tests were performed with cooked and/or uncooked, polished aromatic red rice (Oryza sativa var. Indica, Tapol) and aromatic red rice bran using compressed baker's yeast and a preparation of glucoamylase produced by Rhizopus, sp. as saccharifying agent. The quality in terms of both aroma and taste of the red rice wine made with uncooked, unpolished aromatic red rice was much higher than that of rice wine made with cooked, unpolished aromatic red rice. However, the bran fraction of aromatic red rice was fairly resistant to the cooking process and this fraction was hardly affected or degraded by the cooking process. Furthermore, the bran fraction improved the quality of rice wine made from mash that contained cooked, polished rice which had a rather lower-quality aroma. In red rice wine brewing, the polished rice fraction of aromatic red rice may suffer from undesirable effects during the cooking process.     

预糖化米酒发酵工艺研究

针对传统米酒发酵工艺的创新升级以及大罐发酵的需求,对米酒发酵过程大米熟料与生料预糖化发酵等进行了深入探究。结果表明,原料经过蒸煮糖化后发酵,发酵醪还原糖含量升高至2倍左右,蒸馏液酒精度提升了10.62%,酒精度达到接近峰值的时间提前1～2 d,但是总酸、总酯含量都有所降低;熟料制浆糖化后酒精度进一步提高9.31%,总酯含量提高56.71%,但总酸略有降低;生料粉碎糖化酒精度进一步提升8.61%,但总酯含量相对减少21.47%。生料粉碎糖化发酵节省能源,发酵醪分散均匀、流动性好,在大罐发酵方面有着广阔的应用前景。