贯通导线端接负载对腔体电磁耦合影响分析

为研究贯通导线端接负载对金属腔体电磁耦合的影响, 基于时域有限积分方法建立了平面波辐射条件下含贯通导线金属腔体的耦合计算模型, 通过腔内屏蔽效能变化研究了端接负载及连接方式等对腔内电磁耦合的影响, 分析了耦合机理, 提出了基于吉赫横电磁波传输室建立含贯通导线腔体电磁耦合实验的新方法, 对计算结果进行了实验验证.研究表明:腔内贯通导线负载为纯电阻及容性阻抗时, 负载接腔体或腔体接地能降低腔内的电磁耦合, 且电阻值及电容值大小对腔内耦合有显著影响; 电阻及加载电容后发现,负载开路且腔体不接地时, 腔体的低频电磁耦合效果基本不变, 负载短路且腔体接地时, 负载变化对腔内高频耦合影响不大.负载连接腔体对腔内电磁耦合的谐振频率有一定影响.       

贯通导线端接负载对腔体电磁耦合影响分析

为研究贯通导线端接负载对金属腔体电磁耦合的影响,基于时域有限积分方法建立了平面波辐射条件下含贯通导线金属腔体的耦合计算模型,通过腔内屏蔽效能变化研究了端接负载及连接方式等对腔内电磁耦合的影响,分析了耦合机理,提出了基于吉赫横电磁波传输室建立含贯通导线腔体电磁耦合实验的新方法,对计算结果进行了实验验证.研究表明:腔内贯通导线负载为纯电阻及容性阻抗时,负载接腔体或腔体接地能降低腔内的电磁耦合,且电阻值及电容值大小对腔内耦合有显著影响;电阻及加载电容后发现,负载开路且腔体不接地时,腔体的低频电磁耦合效果基本不变,负载短路且腔体接地时,负载变化对腔内高频耦合影响不大.负载连接腔体对腔内电磁耦合的谐振频率有一定影响.     

不完全屏蔽腔体辐射耦合电场增强效应防护方法

针对武器装备机箱内部电磁辐射防护的技术需要,从不完全屏蔽腔体辐射耦合电场增强效应形成机理出发,对孔缝耦合及贯通导体耦合导致的屏蔽腔体内部局部电场增强效应防护方法进行了研究.仿真计算了屏蔽腔体内部加载吸波材料、腔体分区隔断以及贯通导体安装金属导管等防护方法对不完全屏蔽腔体电磁耦合的影响,研究结果表明:在屏蔽腔体内部加载吸波材料能够有效降低由于腔体谐振产生的电场增强效应,相同的吸波材料放置在强场位置防护效率会更高;采用分区隔断的屏蔽腔体能够提高腔体的谐振频率,大幅降低腔体内大部分位置的电磁耦合能力;贯通导体通过金属导管进入屏蔽腔体能够有效降低贯通导体的电磁耦合能力,削弱屏蔽腔体内部的电场增强效应,屏蔽腔体内部及外部的金属导管长度越长,其防护效果越明显.     

含短贯通导体金属腔体电磁耦合规律研究*

为研究平面波辐照下含短贯通导体金属腔体电磁耦合规律,利用电磁仿真软件CST 搭建仿真耦合模型,从频域角度进行了仿真研究,并利用矢量网络分析仪、功率放大器、GTEM 室和电场测试探头搭建实验系统进行了验证。通过仿真研究了贯通导体长度、贯通孔尺寸和腔体内屏蔽效能监测点位置等因素对屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明:仿真和实验的结果具有一致性;贯通导体腔体外长度越长,屏蔽效能越低,腔体内长度越长,腔体谐振频点越低;贯通孔尺寸越大,腔体屏蔽效能越低;监测点位置离贯通导体越近,屏蔽效能越低。同时研究了吸波材料和开口金属环对含短贯通导体金属腔体的防护效果。此研究具有实用意义,能够指导电子设备的设计和安装。     

带孔缝矩形金属腔体屏蔽效能研究

针对带孔缝矩形金属腔体在电磁辐射下的屏蔽效能问题,利用基于时域有限积分法的电磁仿真软件CST,建立了平面波辐照条件下含孔缝金属腔体的耦合模型,重点研究了电场极化方向,腔体材料,矩形孔缝的长度、宽度和深度,孔缝填充介质介电常数及其厚度等参数对屏蔽效能的影响规律.研究结果表明:典型金属材料对屏蔽效能的影响差别不大,垂直于电场极化方向的孔缝边长更能影响腔体的屏蔽效能,孔缝尺寸会影响矩形金属腔体的谐振点,孔缝深度能够通过衰减入射波在一定程度上影响屏蔽效能,孔缝填充介质会降低屏蔽效能,介质厚度及其介电常数会影响屏蔽效能峰值点.研究结果对金属腔体的电磁兼容设计有一定的指导意义.     

导线贯通金属腔体端接负载电磁脉冲响应规律*

为分析金属导体贯通腔体时导体腔内端接负载电路的电磁脉冲耦合响应,基于时域有限积分方法的 电磁数值计算软件CST 建立了贯通导体端接负载电磁辐射响应耦合模型,研究了高斯脉冲作用条件下入射电场角 度、贯通孔径、外部导体长度、端接负载等对终端负载响应的作用规律,分析了耦合机理。基于GTEM 室搭建了实验 平台,在贯通导体两端开路条件下,通过测量腔体的屏蔽效能,与数值计算结果对比,两者吻合较好。结果表明:贯 通导体方向的电场分量大小对终端负载耦合电压影响显著;入射波长远大于贯通孔径时,贯通导体为主要耦合通 道;负载耦合响应与裸露导体长度、导体半径成正比;负载变化时,自身响应电压随阻值变化,而对另一端负载响应 电压影响不大,两端阻值变化导致负载响应电压波形的衰减振荡不同;容性或感性阻抗是影响响应电压及频率的关 键因素之一。     

一种基于缝隙天线阻抗的带缝腔体谐振频率计算方法

电磁波经缝隙进入机箱腔体后,会在某些频率点形成驻波而发生电磁谐振,导致腔体屏蔽效能急剧下降.为快速准确预测谐振频率以指导屏蔽腔体设计,本文基于缝隙天线阻抗理论提出一种带缝腔体谐振频率的计算方法.将电磁场用自由空间和腔体格林函数表示,根据缝隙处的边界条件建立等效磁流源的积分方程.通过矩量法求解积分方程,计算出腔体输入阻抗.根据谐振发生时电抗为零或电阻最小,可从频率-阻抗曲线获得谐振频率.本文方法不仅能预测缝隙谐振和低阶模式腔体谐振,还能预测出高阶谐振.与实验和CST仿真结果对比验证了本文方法的准确性及快速性.最后用本文方法分析了腔体和缝隙尺寸以及缝隙位置对谐振频率的影响.     

有孔矩形腔的屏蔽效能及其对谐振抑制研究

介绍了用传输线解析计算法分析有孔矩形腔屏蔽效能的基本原理,对基本公式作进一步修正,使其能计算孔阵列情形,并对修正的传输线模型计算公式进行了扩展,使其能计算任意极化方向时的情况.通过在腔体内表面敷设经过优化计算的复合电介质涂层,实现了对特定谐振频率抑制.计算和仿真结果表明:当处于谐振频率时,屏蔽系数很低甚至为负;孔阵的屏蔽效能比相同面积的单孔的屏蔽效能好;屏蔽效能随极化角度增加而变化,当耦合电场极化方向平行孔缝的长边时,屏蔽效果最好;在腔体内表面上敷设对应腔体谐振频率的复合电介质涂层,实现了在相同的厚度条件下对腔体谐振频率最佳的抑制效果.根据计算结果提出了设计屏蔽腔的建议.     

双面含孔金属腔体屏蔽效能的快速计算

为研究双面含孔矩形金属腔体的屏蔽效能问题,运用矢量分解和等效传输线相结合的原理,给出了双面含单孔的矩形金属腔体内部中心点屏蔽效能计算方法,通过与电磁数值软件CST 的计算结果对比,验证了该计算方法的有效性,且耗时少、收敛快,运用该方法进一步研究了双面含孔阵矩形金属腔体屏蔽效能,得到了腔体内部多模谐振规律。在共振频率附近,腔体内中心点的耦合电场较强,当频率低于主频谐振时,屏蔽效能随着频率的降低而增大;在2GHz 频率范围内,腔体内部各个方向的屏蔽效能都存在多模谐振的现象,且谐振模式不相同;开有相同面积的孔阵屏蔽效能比单孔差,谐振模式变化不大。     

金属腔体多耦合通道电磁特性研究

实际金属腔体常开有多个通道,使得腔内电磁环境变得复杂。以分析腔体多通道耦合电磁特性为出发点,建立平面波入射下矩形、圆柱腔体实例模型,引入对比系数作为评价手段,侧重研究孔缝、贯穿线缆两种耦合通道对腔内电磁场的影响,寻求共性规律。结果表明:腔外线缆长度变化不影响谐振点出现位置,随长度增加腔体屏蔽效能(SE)下降;腔内线缆随长度增加,谐振频率降低,两腔体具有如上共性结论。基于给定的模型及参数设定,通过比较系数可判断矩形腔体450 MHz 之前线缆耦合为主;贯穿线较长时, 510 MHz 之前圆柱腔体线缆耦合为主;贯穿线较短时,两个局部频点之外的其它频段孔缝耦合为主;涂覆磁损耗型吸波材料提升腔体SE 效果最好,且SE越低,提升效果越明显。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks