弹载斜视SAR成像的改进波数域算法

导弹非匀速直线运动且速度快的特点,使得弹载SAR回波信号的多普勒参数随斜距的变化较大,因此在波数域进行相位补偿的波数域算法很难实现弹载SAR测绘带内的高精度成像处理。该文在经典波数域算法及相关文献的基础上对波数域成像算法进行改进,将2维波数域中的方位压缩处理变换至时域或空域进行,从而可完成成像过程中多普勒参数适应距离的变化,降低原有算法使用同一参数带来的相位误差,因此改进算法能适用于宽测绘带的弹载SAR精确成像。仿真实验验证了改进算法的有效性。     

弹载SAR大斜视SPECAN成像算法

由于导弹攻击的目标在航线前方,弹载SAR需具备大斜视成像能力。针对大斜视状态下回波数据方位向和距离向严重耦合、弹载SAR平台实时性要求高的特点,提出了一种基于谱分析(Spectral Analysis,SPECAN)算法的弹载SAR大斜视成像算法。通过在方位时域进行距离走动校正,降低了回波方位向和距离向的耦合;通过二维时域中方位向的SPECAN处理和方位向FFT,获得SAR成像结果。算法处理流程简单,是一种实时性高的中等分辨率成像算法,适合应用于弹载SAR大斜视成像。仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于FMCW的大斜视SAR成像研究

针对调频连续波SAR与脉冲式SAR工作体制的不同,从而带来不同的回波信号形式,该文对基于调频连续波的大斜视SAR回波信号进行建模,分析信号的特征,揭示平台的连续运动在距离向产生一个多普勒频移的特性,从而导致目标的径向移动。同时,针对调频连续波SAR大斜视Dechirp数据,提出了时域走动校正、频域多普勒频移校正、距离弯曲校正的改进R-D算法,仿真数据处理结果验证了该文分析的正确性和所提算法的有效性。另外,对于平台连续运动引入的多普勒频移,该文也分析了其对成像造成的影响。     

基于等效斜视距离模型的高分辨率星载SAR波数域成像算法

为了解决CS算法在距离压缩时无法使用带有误差的原始信号的问题,作者提出一种等效斜视的波数域算法.本文基于星载SAR等效斜视距离模型,利用Bamler提出的波数域算法推导方法^[1],从原始回波信号模型入手,详细推导出基于等效斜视距离模型的高分辨率星载SAR波数域成像算法,并给出了该算法的实现步骤.该算法适用于大距离徙动高分辨率星载SAR的精确成像.文中利用点目标回波仿真数据验证了算法的有效性并给出了该算法成像的质量评估指标.     

对曲线运动轨迹弹载SAR的二维移频干扰研究

弹载SAR沿曲线轨迹飞行,成像算法与常规机载正侧视SAR不同。文中从脉冲压缩信号时延和频移强耦合特性入手,结合弹载SAR的前斜视RD成像算法,推导了弹载SAR的移频干扰输出形式。结果表明,方位维的位移量和移频量不成线性关系,但在较小的移频量范围内可近似认为成线性关系;方位移频和距离移频同时作用,可形成二维联合移频干扰,提高了干扰的灵活性,仿真验证了结论的正确性。     

基于等效平行轨迹距离模型的双基CS成像算法

本文基于双基SAR等效平行轨迹距离模型及由该模型得到的二维波数域表达式,通过对此表达式的分析变换,将二维波数域表达式的相位表示为发收距离和与波数函数相乘的形式,基于此,结合单基SAR的CS成像算法思想,推导提出了基于平行轨迹距离模型的双基CS成像算法.本算法在距离多普勒域进行变标操作,将各距离单元的包络徙动校正得和参考距离单元一致,然后在二维波数域通过简单的相位相乘完成徙动校正,很好地解决了双基SAR的包络徙动及其空变问题,且避免了插值运算,与波数域算法相比,效率更高.最后采用该算法对仿真的点目标双基回波进行成像处理,结果与等效单基CS算法相比较,证明了本文算法的有效性和优越性.     

基于等效斜视距离模型的高分辨率星载SAR波数域成像算法

为了解决CS算法在距离压缩时无法使用带有误差的原始信号的问题，作者提出一种等效斜视的波数域算法．本文基于星载SAR等效斜视距离模型，利用Bamler提出的波数域算法推导方法，从原始回波信号模型入手，详细推导出基于等效斜视距离模型的高分辨率星载SAR波数域成像算法，并给出了该算法的实现步骤．该算法适用于大距离徙动高分辨率星载SAR的精确成像．文中利用点目标回波仿真数据验证了算法的有效性并给出了该算法成像的质量评估指标．     

并行机载双站斜视SAR ELBF-CS成像算法

论文建立了并行机载斜视双站SAR的结构模型和信号模型,用收发载机多普勒贡献比为加权系数推导了点目标回波的扩展Loffeld频谱公式(ELBF)。在二维频域内补偿双站扭曲项,然后对剩余相位项做Taylor展开,利用Chirp Scaling(CS)方法,推导了并行机载双站斜视SAR的ELBF-CS成像算法。双站结构参数及双站扭曲项的距离向空变性用回波数据的距离向分块处理,推导了数据分块条件,由此可以实现宽场景成像。算法基于更精确的ELBF,并用CS方法校正点目标距离徙动,处理流程更简单,成像效率更高,仿真验证了本文算法处理并行机载双站斜视SAR数据的有效性。     

弹载俯冲大前斜SAR成像几何校正参数误差影响分析

弹载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)成像需依托弹道参数完成斜距图像向地距图像的几何校正,在俯冲大前斜SAR成像模式下的几何校正性能对弹道参数的精度非常敏感。针对弹载俯冲大前斜视SAR成像模式下成像斜距图为距离多普勒类型图像的几何校正算法,从理论上分析了多维弹道参数误差带来的几何校正畸变量,通过仿真验证了算法及畸变量分析的有效性。该研究对雷达导引头的系统设计、目标识别技术需求等提供了理论依据,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

弹载合成孔径雷达大斜视子孔径频域相位滤波成像算法

弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)为满足机动性和实时性,常采用大斜视子孔径成像处理;而大斜视SAR成像存在严重的距离方位耦合,时域校正距离走动解决这一问题会带来方位聚焦深度问题。针对方位聚焦深度问题以及子孔径特性,该文提出一种新的子孔径成像算法频域相位滤波算法(FPFA),该算法在无近似瞬时斜距模型下,采用时域校正距离走动,频域校正弯曲,在方位频域引入相位滤波因子校正多普勒调频率和方位向高次项的空变性,并结合谱分析(SPECAN)技术实现方位聚焦。仿真和实测数据处理验证了该算法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.