基于射线追踪的TID期间电离层高阶效应及多普勒效应仿真

电离层行进式扰动(traveling ionospheric disturbance, TID)是一种常见的电离层扰动形式,对电磁波（如卫星导航）信号的传播过程有着重要影响. 为研究TID对卫星导航信号传播效应,本文基于三维射线追踪方法对导航信号在空间电离层磁等离子体的传播进行仿真,重点研究TID情况下电离层二阶效应和多普勒效应. 首先,通过在NeQuick电离层模型上添加电离层扰动建立TID仿真生成模型,该模型能够模拟多种尺度的TID结构;其次,基于我国南北方两个虚拟站点,仿真模拟得到导航信号在TID发生时的传播特性;然后,计算得到不同仰角和方位角时卫星导航信号的电离层二阶效应和多普勒效应等参数;最后,分析TID参数对电离层二阶效应和多普勒效应的影响. 仿真结果表明,在本文仿真参数下电离层二阶和多普勒效应在低射线仰角情况下更明显,TID多普勒效应和TID周期相关性明显.     

外辐射源天地波雷达定位方法及精度分析

天地波组合传播模式高频外辐射源雷达受电离层和海洋表面环境、短波段电磁环境及收发配置等诸多因素的影响.针对该新体制外辐射源雷达的定位问题,研究了天地波组合传播模式下的目标定位模型,提出了一种基于直达波到达仰角的定位新方法,并分别从测量误差理论和几何精度因子(Geometric Dilution Of Precision,GDOP)两方面分析了定位精度与目标方位的关系.仿真结果表明,在简化定位模型的情况下,利用该方法的定位结果在一定区域内仍然具有较高的定位精度,根据研究结果有针对性地提供了改善定位精度的工程方案.     

高频地波雷达电离层杂波统计特性研究

高频地波雷达是一种理想的早期预警雷达,但是其检测性能受到电离层杂波的严重影响。从理论上分析了电离层对雷达信号的反射及多普勒展宽特性,利用实测数据对电离层杂波幅度的统计特性进行了研究,同时研究了电离层杂波的时间相关性和距离相关性,并从电离层的结构特性对其时间、距离相关性进行了分析,为抑制电离层杂波、优化高频地波雷达设计和改善低速目标检测方法提供了依据。     

天发船收高频雷达海面目标回波建模

天发船收高频雷达系统中,由于电离层随机扰动和接收船六维摆动运动影响,目标回波空时谱发生展宽和形变,严重影响雷达探测性能。本文对天发船收高频雷达海面目标回波建模问题开展研究,首先分析了动态空间几何关系变化下目标回波的多普勒频移特性,建立了理想条件下的空时目标回波模型;在此基础上,引入电离层不规则体和六维摆动空时相位扰动影响,分别构建电离层随机扰动相位仿真器和六维摆动扰动相位模型,进而建立了天发船收高频雷达扰动目标空时回波模型,实验数据验证了模型的有效性。      

高频地波雷达电波环境特性分析

为分析高频电波传播环境对地波雷达探测性能影响,在地波雷达探测方程基础上,结合高频电波环境模型,对影响地波雷达探测性能的海面环境、电离层环境和电磁环境等因素进行了详细分析.分析结果为地波雷达系统设计、操作使用提供参考.     

基于PC-OFDM信号外辐射源雷达的低空旋翼目标微动特征提取

相位编码频分复用(PC-OFDM)信号最早应用于通信系统,同时作为外辐射源雷达信号具有低截获、抗干扰、波形灵活等优点,是现有民用外辐射源信号的有效补充.提出将PC-OFDM信号作为外辐射源雷达信号,进而实现低空旋翼目标微动特征的有效提取.基于PC-OFDM信号,建立了低空旋翼目标双基雷达微动回波模型,推导了微多普勒的参数化表达;针对低信噪比条件下微多普勒参数提取困难问题,提出了基于随机共振的低空目标微动特征提取方法.仿真验证了所提方法的可行性和稳健性.     

数字电视外辐射源雷达多旋翼无人机微多普勒效应实验研究

该文论述了利用数字电视外辐射源雷达开展多旋翼无人机微多普勒效应实验的研究结果。首先建立了双基地外辐射源雷达无人机微动信号模型,接着简要阐述了微动信号提取的相关关键技术,最后重点介绍了实验开展情况,包括实验场景配置、无人机微多普勒效应实验典型结果与分析。实验结果与无人机运动参数的理论分析相符合,证实了利用数字电视外辐射源雷达实现多旋翼无人机微多普勒效应探测的技术可行性。      

短波天波反射/地波绕射组合新传播模式及其可能应用

把电离层反射传播模式和地波绕射传播模式组合成新的传播模式.对这一新传播模式的构建形式、新模式的路径损耗因子、频域多普勒谱特性、工作频率特性等传播特性以及它的可能应用进行了研究.以天波/地波集成体制超视距雷达系统作为一种应用,导出了其雷达方程、定位方程和信息处理过程模型.具体的算例表明,该雷达体制有好的可行性.     

天发舰收高频雷达一阶海杂波电磁散射特性分析

天发舰收高频雷达是对传统固定平台条件下天地波雷达系统的延伸,由于舰载平台运动和传播信道中电离层的影响,使得一阶海杂波谱呈现出更多特点.本文根据Walsh模型中一阶电场方程,推导得到了天发舰收传播模式下一阶海面散射截面积的解析表达式.然后,根据表达式对不同因素对一阶谱的影响进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明雷达工作频率、舰载平台运动和电离层水平漂移运动是引起一阶海杂波谱多普勒展宽的主要原因,风向主要影响一阶海杂波谱的形态变化,而这一特点为根据一阶海杂波谱进行海洋遥感提供了可能.     

基于信噪比方法的天地波混合体制雷达一阶回波谱提取

天地波混合体制高频雷达(简称天地波雷达,HFHSSWR)海面一阶谱的频移和展宽特性,使得其一阶谱的提取比高频地波雷达(HFSWR)更困难。该文研究了天地波雷达一阶谱频移和展宽特性,并基于其在2维距离-多普勒谱上连续分布的特点,将信噪比方法应用于天地波雷达一阶谱提取。通过双基地角、电离层和海流等对一阶谱频移及展宽特性的定量分析,确定了信噪比方法中一阶谱中心位置、谱峰宽度、左右一阶谱间距等参数的计算方法和取值范围。并利用2维信噪比方法,解决由于天地波雷达信噪比下降引起的一阶谱边界检测不精确的问题。最后,将信噪比法分别应用于仿真和实测天地波雷达数据,验证了方法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks