一种基于线性预处理的米波雷达低仰角处理算法

由于多径效应的存在,使得米波雷达在低仰角时接收到的回波是两组相干信号,即直达信号和反射信号的矢量叠加.本文提出了一种米波雷达在低仰角情况下DOA(波达方向估计)的新方法,先对实测数据进行线性变换,然后对线性变换后的数据和实测数据的差分结果应用角度超分辨算法,实现米波雷达低仰角的波达方向估计.算法对信号所处环境不敏感,可以有效地克服多径效应.理论分析和计算机仿真都表明新算法的优越性.     

基于深度学习的米波雷达低仰角估计方法

米波雷达在探测低空目标时存在严重的多径效应,直达波和反射波相当于距离较近的两个强相干点源,目标回波信号协方差矩阵存在噪声子空间与信号子空间相互渗透的问题,经典的超分辨物理算法仰角估计精度会急剧变差。为解决上述问题,文中基于米波雷达经典镜像多径反射模型,利用深度神经网络和全连接网络构造了一个深度学习网络用于低仰角目标波达方向(DOA)估计,将子空间相互渗透的原始协方差矩阵数据实部、虚部及相位特征作为深度学习网络输入,利用智能学习方法解决了多径反射条件下DOA估计问题。相比于基于子空间分解或信号拟合类的超分辨估计方法,文中所提方法仰角估计精度更高且计算量更小。仿真实验验证了新方法的优越性和有效性。     

利用改进的Toeplitz化技术实现米波雷达低仰角测高

由于多径效应的存在,米波雷达低仰角测高时除了收到目标的直达波外,还会收到与直达波相干的地(海)面反射的多径信号。该文提出了两种利用改进的Toeplitz化技术实现米波雷达低仰角测高方法。第1种改进方法不但利用阵列接收数据协方差矩阵的每一行元素构造Toeplitz矩阵,还利用了与其对应每一列元素构造Toeplitz矩阵,然后对这两个矩阵求平均得到一个新的协方差矩阵,这一过程相当于前后向空间平滑的过程,提高了参数估计的精度。第2种改进算法是在第1种算法基础之上,重新构造一个Toeplitz矩阵,使其在信噪比最大约束条件下逼近平滑后协方差矩阵的信号子空间,这样可以最小程度的减小噪声的影响,提高了算法的稳健性。理论分析和计算机仿真都表明了新算法的优越性。     

存在互耦误差条件下的米波雷达低仰角测高算法

由于多径效应的存在,雷达在低仰角跟踪时除了接收到目标的直接回波外,还会接收到与直接回波相干的地(海)面反射的多径信号.针对存在阵元间互耦情况下的米波雷达低仰角测高问题,本文提出了一种改进的加权空间平滑算法.首先,通过特殊的子阵划分方式,使互耦误差和波达方向估计的代价函数无关,使之转化为无互耦误差条件下波达方向估计问题.然后,直接利用阵列接收数据求得最优加权矩阵,对子阵输出的自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵进行加权空间平滑,改善解相干的性能,提高存在互偶误差情况下米波雷达低仰角波达方向估计的精度.理论分析和计算机仿真都表明了新算法的优越性.     

基于交替投影的DOA估计方法及其在米波雷达中的应用

由于低仰角目标回波中存在多径信号,使得米波雷达难以对低仰角目标进行高度测量,为此该文提出一种适用于多径信号情况下的波达方向估计的迭代方法。该方法将回波信号的相关矩阵,在各个信号子空间中交替投影,该方法可以同时对直达波和反射波进行精确的波达方向估计,并可以有效地对米波雷达中的低仰角低空目标进行高度测量。计算机仿真和某米波雷达实测数据的处理结果证实了该方法的有效性。Monte-Carlo试验结果表明在低仰角低空测高时,该方法具有比时空级联最大似然方法更好的性能。     

基于差分预处理的米波雷达低仰角处理算法

由于多径信号的存在,使得米波雷达难以对低仰角目标进行高度测量,为此该文提出一种适用于多径情况下的波达方向估计方法。该方法通过差分处理,补偿了多径信号回波延迟的相位,使得接收回波中仅包含直达波信号,对差分后数据进行常规数字波束形成即可得到目标俯仰角。Monte-Carlo试验结果表明在进行低仰角测高过程中,该方法性能优于空间平滑和线性预测等方法。某米波雷达的实测数据验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

米波雷达仰角和多径衰减系数联合估计算法

 针对多径信号严重影响米波雷达低仰角测高的问题,基于广义MUSIC算法的思想,提出了一种可同时估计目标仰角和多径衰减系数的新算法。该算法利用阵列协方差矩阵和搜索角度计算出虚拟的多径衰减系数,然后将该系数与搜索角度一起构造子空间,当该子空间与噪声子空间正交时,即可获得波达方向角度,对应的系数即为多径反射波相对于直达波的多径衰减系数。该算法在克服多径效应的同时,不损失阵列孔径,不要求阵列具有特殊的结构。理论分析和仿真结果表明了该算法的优越性。     

广义MUSIC算法在米波雷达测高中的应用及其改进

米波雷达波束较宽,多径信号的存在将会给雷达测高带来严重影响,并且多径信号与直达波信号是相干的,这就造成米波雷达测高比较困难。由于广义MUSIC算法为能直接处理相干信号的阵列超分辨算法,因此可以将该算法应用于米波雷达测高当中。该文在广义MUSIC算法的基础上,结合雷达测高的一些特点,提出一种新的算法。新算法不但降低了运算量,而且还具有良好的性能。计算机仿真结果证实了新算法的优越性。     

基于零陷展宽的米波雷达低仰角测高方法

针对米波雷达在复杂阵地环境下低仰角测高服从高斯分布的多径分布源模型,提出一种基于零陷展宽的低仰角测高方法。该方法首先将直达波与多径反射波视为干扰信号并构造干扰导向矢量协方差矩阵,然后再利用投影变换和对角加载技术保留预设干扰区域扩展后的协方差矩阵,最后采用指向偏离搜索仰角的空域滤波器对阵列接收回波数据进行滤波处理,滤波后输出信号功率最小时对应的正角度即为目标仰角的估计值。相较于传统的超分辨算法,本文算法在复杂阵地条件下具有更高的测角和测高性能,并且可适用于低信噪比和少快拍数条件下的低仰角目标角度估计。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

米波阵列测高的空间平滑算法性能优化

在米波阵列低仰角测高问题中,由于直达波与反射波信号相干,多信号分类算法不能直接处理,往往需要进行去相干预处理.前后向空间平滑(FBS)方法可用于实现相干信号的去相干,以往的文献注重于分析接收数据平均协方差矩阵的满秩条件.文中分析了即使在满秩条件下,也会出现去相干失效、仰角误差很大的现象,并通过仿真分析了阵列重要参数和算法自身参数对FBS方法去相干性能以及仰角估计误差的影响,指出了选择阵列参数和FBS参数以取得最佳的仰角估计精度方法.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first