A method for preparing collagen graft materials

The aim of this research was to develop a method of local production of collagen graft materials which are presently imported. The following methods were used to produce collagen membrane and sponge from human placentas and rat tail tendons. Collagen type I was isolated from human placenta and rat tail tendon by acetic acid extraction and characterised by SDS-PAGE. The collagen sponge was prepared by dissolving the collagen in HCl. The resulting dispersion was poured into a glass container, freeze-dried and then cross-linked by immersion in glutaraldehyde solution. It was then washed with distilled water and freeze-dried again. The collagen membrane was also similarly prepared by dispersing lyophilized collagen in HCl but then mixed with glutaraldehyde, exposed to U.V. light and later air dried.     

A method for knowing the statistical reliability of instrumental measurements

The precision of instrumental measurements, usually expressed by SD (standard deviation) or RSD (relative standard deviation) is of importance in a society as well as in a world of analytical chemistry. For example, the detection limit and confidence intervals of calibration lines which are based on the precision are inevitable for regulatory science. As is well-known in statistics, however, a small number of repetitive experiments (e.g., 5) lead to a poor reliability of the precision. This presentation shows a method (called FUMI theory) which can provide a precision from a single measurement of noise and signal without any repetitive measurements. The statistical reliability of the precision from the FUMI theory corresponds to that from the repetitive method of 50 experiments.     

Implications of hormesis for biomedical aging research

Rather than being an exception, non-linearity between dose and response are the rule in biological systems. It might even be anticipated that at some doses a response opposite to that seen at high doses could be elicited (hormesis). Such non-linearity with dose has multiple implications for numerous aspects of biomedical research on aging and for experimental design. Moreover, the implications of such non-linearity are such that governmental regulatory activities and other areas of public health administration will be affected to a large extent once hormesis is widely recognized. The implications with regard to environmental intervention and subsequent regulatory decisions will certainly profoundly affect the political process, as well.     

Rapid method for preparing Ehrlich hematoxylin

The new method consists of electrolysis for 48 hrs of haematoxylin template solution prepared by the standard method. The dye, after electrolysis, acquires the appearance and properties of hematoxylin prepared by the method of maturation at sunlight during several months. Spectral analysis of the dye and theoretical basis of the electrolytical acceleration of the dye maturation are presented.     

Strategies for replacing animals in biomedical research

In 1959, Russell and Burch published their recommendations for applying the Three Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement alternatives) to the use of animals in scientific experimentation. At this time, they could not have predicted the effect of this fundamental concept on academic and industrial animal experimentation and in biomedical education. Although more than 30 years have passed, their ideas are gaining respectability and wide acceptance. This article reviews the recent advances in the use of non-animal methods in biomedical research, and discusses the outlook for the further implementation of 'alternatives'.     

Applied statistical power analysis and the interpretation of nonsignificant results by research consumers.

Contends that the problematic publication of nonsignificant research results is partly due to statistical tests not powerful enough to detect an effect of meaningful size. Authors reporting nonsignificant results should demonstrate the worth of the results by discussing the power of tests. If they do not assume this responsibility, then consumers of research should conduct their own power analyses. The use of power analysis for the interpretation of nonsignificant findings is demonstrated. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Automated smear counting and data processing using a notebook computer in a biomedical research facility

An automated smear counting and data processing system for a life science laboratory was developed to facilitate routine surveys and eliminate human errors by using a notebook computer. This system was composed of a personal computer, a liquid scintillation counter and a well-type NaI(Tl) scintillation counter. The radioactivity of smear samples was automatically measured by these counters. The personal computer received raw signals from the counters through an interface of RS-232C. The software for the computer evaluated the surface density of each radioisotope and printed out that value along with other items as a report. The software was programmed in Pascal language. This system was successfully applied to routine surveys for contamination in our facility.     

A statistical power analysis of applied psychological research.

Studied the average statistical power exhibited in the 1974 Journal of Applied Psychology . 121 articles were power-analytically examined using 3 effect-size estimates and standardized (.05) alpha level, and assuming nondirectional nulls. The mean power figures for small, medium, and large population effect-size estimates were .25, .66, and .84, respectively. Interdisciplinary comparisons involving abnormal-social psychology, education, and communication indicate that applied psychology is relatively strong in terms of average statistical power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

企业应用统计方法探讨

分析了统计方法的作用和企业对统计方法的应用需求 ,阐述了提高企业实施统计技术有效性的基本思路     

A method for processing paraffin sections of multilayer cultured tissue

A simple and rapid method is described for processing histological preparations from multilayer cultures growing in plastic Petri dishes, A covering collodion film is utilized to remove the tissue from the plastic dish and transfer it onto a paper block prior to embedding in Paraplast. To avoid any disruption by the collodion of the plasticware, the cultured tissue is first immersed in a solution of collodion and absolute alcohol (1:1) and then covered with pure collodion. All steps are carried out in the cold. This procedure allows morphological, histochemical, immunofluorescent, and autoradiographic studies to be carried out on serial sections of cultured tissue.     

Behavioral and biomedical research: a partnership for better health

In the last decade, global use of contraceptive methods has increased. About 50% of couples of childbearing age use a modern contraceptive method. This evolution and a positive change in attitude towards male contraception has encouraged research in fertility regulation to enlarge and to improve acceptance of the contraceptive mix. Current injectable contraceptives interfere with the menstrual cycle. Research is exploring ways to minimize such secondary effects by reducing the total hormone dose and by changing the way the active product is delivered (e.g., microspheres). An injectable prototype is an analogue of levonorgestrel (HRP 002). A new IUD is made of leather suspended by a nylon suture which has been inserted into the uterine muscle. RU-486, often used to interrupt early pregnancy, is being tested as an oral contraceptive (OC). It inhibits secretion of gonadotropins and ovulation. It holds promise as an OC with no estrogen component. Since it also inhibits endometrial development and thus prevents implantation, it may someday be used for emergency contraception (i.e., postcoital contraception). New contraceptive implants under study include Norplant RII (2 rods of levonorgestrel lasting for 3 years), Implanon (desogestrel), and Capranor (biodegradable implant lasting 2 years). The female condom consists of a flexible polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at each end. It has the potential to protect against sexually transmitted diseases since it covers the labial lips and is impermeable to HIV. France and Switzerland have both approved its use. It will enter the UK market at the end of the year. Approval for marketing has been sought in the US.     

A new hydrometallurgical method for the processing of copper concentrates using ferric sulphate

An outline of a hydrometallurgical method employed for the processing of a copper sulphide concentrate is presented. It consists in leaching the concentrate with acid ferric sulphate solution, followed by electrolysis of the copper with simultaneous anodic regeneration of the leaching agent in electrolysers with diaphragms. Each operation, concentrate leaching, high-temperature crystallization of excess leaching agent in the form of FeSO₄·H₂O and diaphragm electrolysis, are discussed and described.The basic feature of the process is the double regeneration of the leaching agent which makes it possible to decrease the ferric ion concentration in recycled solutions to about 50% of the stoichiometric amount resulting from the leaching reactions.Electrolytic copper of more than 99.95% purity is obtained as a product. The method eliminates environmental pollution and solutions with high metal concentrations are circulated in a closed system.     

A voxel-based method for the statistical analysis of gray and white matter density applied to schizophrenia

We describe a novel technique for characterizing regional cerebral gray and white matter differences in structural magnetic resonance images by the application of methods derived from functional imaging. The technique involves automatic scalp-editing of images followed by segmentation, smoothing, and spatial normalization to a symmetrical template brain in stereotactic Talairach space. The basic idea is (i) to convert structural magnetic resonance image data into spatially normalized images of gray (or white) matter density, effected by segmenting the images and smoothing, and then (ii) to use Statistical Parametric Mapping to make inferences about the relationship between gray (or white) matter density and symptoms (or other pathophysiological measures) in a regionally specific fashion. Because the whole brain sum of gray (or white) matter indices is treated as a confound, the analysis reduces to a characterization of relative gray (or white) matter density on a voxel by voxel basis. We suggest that this is a powerful approach to voxel-based statistical anatomy. Using the technique, we constructed maps of the regional cerebral gray and white matter density correlates of syndrome scores (distinct psychotic symptoms) in a group of 15 schizophrenic patients. There was a negative correlation between the score for the reality distortion syndrome and regional gray matter density in the left superior temporal lobe (P = 0.01) and regional white matter density in the corpus callosum (P < 0.001). These abnormalities may be associated with functional changes predisposing to auditory hallucinations and delusions. This method permits the detection of structural differences within the entire brain (as opposed to selected regions of interest) and may be of value in the investigation of structural gray and white matter abnormalities in a variety of brain diseases.