菜籽多酚在四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠体内的降血糖作用

研究菜籽多酚(RSPP)在四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠体内的降血糖作用。腹膜注射200mg/kg四氧嘧啶造小鼠糖尿病模型,腹膜注射给药12d。测定给药前后小鼠血糖值、小鼠体重与免疫器官质量、血清抗活性氧单位与肝匀浆MDA含量。75mg/kg·d与400mg/kg·dRSPP可使糖尿病小鼠血糖分别下降17.99%与24.14%,能显著增加糖尿病小鼠胸腺与脾脏指数、提高血清抗活性氧单位、降低肝匀浆MDA含量;400mg/kg·dRSPP对正常小鼠血糖无显著影响。以上结果表明RSPP在糖尿病小鼠体内具有降血糖、增进免疫与抗氧化作用。     

山药多糖对Ⅰ型糖尿病小鼠血糖和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究山药多糖对四氧嘧啶致I型糖尿病小鼠血糖和抗氧化能力的影响,用腹膜注射200mg/kg四氧嘧啶造模,给药15d后测定给药前后小鼠血糖含量、体重与免疫器官重量、血清抗活性氧单位与肝匀浆MDA含量。结果表明,山药多糖可显著降低糖尿病小鼠血糖水平,增加胸腺与脾脏指数,提高血清抗活性氧单位、降低肝匀浆MDA含量。     

甘薯糖蛋白降血糖与抗氧化作用研究

目的:研究甘薯糖蛋白(SPG)对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及体内抗氧化活性。方法:经水溶提取、乙醇沉淀、凝胶过滤层析,从广薯98中提取甘薯糖蛋白,并研究SPG对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖浓度,肝、脑组织及血清中SOD、CAT活力和MDA含量的影响。结果:SPG对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠具有明显的降血糖功能(p<0.01),SPG能明显增加四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝、脑组织及血清中SOD和CAT的活性(p<0.05或p<0.01),SPG能明显降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝、脑组织及血清中MDA的含量(p<0.01)。结论:SPG对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠具有明显的降血糖作用和明显的体内抗氧化活性。     

水提花生粕多糖降血糖活性的研究

研究水提花生粕多糖(WP)对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用,并初步探讨WP降血糖活性的作用机理.腹腔注射200mg/kg的四氧嘧啶造小鼠的糖尿病模型,连续灌胃WP 12d,测定灌胃前后小鼠的体重、免疫器官的重量、血糖值及耐糖量.研究表明,200、400、800mg/kg的WP均能使小鼠的血糖水平降低,并且200mg/kg的WP能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,不同剂量的多糖均能增加糖尿病小鼠的免疫能力和缓解体重的减轻.研究还表明,不同剂量的多糖时正常小鼠的体重和血糖水平没有显著的影响,但是能提高正常小鼠的免疫能力.结果表明,WP在糖尿病小鼠体内具有降血糖,提高免疫能力的作用.     

菜籽多酚的抗氧化作用

研究了菜籽多酚的抗氧化作用与机理.用K3[Fe(CN)6]与TCA体系、脂肪氧合酶评价菜籽多酚的还原能力及抑制脂肪氧合酶的能力,用试剂盒测定丙二醛(MDA)及活性氧(ROS)含量,用分光光度法测定小鼠肝线粒体肿胀度.结果显示,在化学模拟体系中,菜籽多酚具有还原能力,能清除活性氧并抑制脂肪氧合酶的活性.在体外,菜籽多酚能抑制小鼠肝线粒体的肿胀,清除小鼠血清活性氧,抑制小鼠肝线粒体及肝组织匀浆MDA的生成.在体内,腹膜注射菜籽多酚组小鼠[400mg/(kgbw·d),12d]与对照组相比,肝匀浆MDA的降低达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).以上结果说明,菜籽多酚在体内外均具有明显的抗氧化作用,菜籽多酚具有还原能力及抑制与氧化有关的酶活性可能是其抗氧化的机理.     

免疫初乳对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠血糖血脂的调节作用研究

目的:研究免疫初乳对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的血糖、血脂的影响。方法:用正常小鼠和糖尿病模型小鼠研究免疫初乳调节血糖、血脂的作用。连续30d给予正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠免疫初乳,30d后眼眶取血,取其血清测定小鼠空腹血清血糖、血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三脂(TG)及血清高密度脂蛋白(HDLC)等生化指标。结果:免疫初乳能显著降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平。在降血糖的同时,能够显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血清甘油三酯、血清胆固醇及血清高密度脂蛋白水平,且高剂量免疫初乳组的效果好于低剂量组的效果。但免疫初乳对正常小鼠的血清血糖、血脂没有影响。     

川麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用的实验研究

目的:研究川麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的影响。方法:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分别用蒸馏水、优降糖和两种不同剂量的川麦冬多糖灌胃,于给药21d测定各组小鼠空腹血糖值;分别于给药7、14、21d测定各组小鼠体重;用正常小鼠进行耐糖量实验。结果:川麦冬多糖(200、400mg/kg)能显著改善糖尿病小鼠全身症状、降低糖尿病小鼠和正常小鼠的血糖水平、减少体重的下降(p<0.05,p<0.01)。结论:川麦冬多糖对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用并能改善小鼠的耐糖力。     

胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物的降血糖机理探讨

观察胶原蛋白多肽-铬（Ⅲ）螯合物的降血糖作用,探讨它降血糖的可能机理.通过腹腔注射四氧嘧啶造小鼠糖尿病模型,观察血糖、肝糖原、葡萄糖激酶等指标.胶原蛋白多肽-铬（Ⅲ）螯合物可以显著地降低血糖,增加肝糖原的合成及葡萄糖激酶的活性.胶原蛋白多肽-铬（Ⅲ）螯合物可降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,促进肝糖原的合成和糖尿病小鼠体内的葡萄糖磷酸化.     

茉莉花渣多糖降血糖、改善糖尿病症状作用的研究

对茉莉花渣多糖的降血糖作用进行了研究。采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶造成高血糖小鼠模型,以低剂量(100 mg/kg.bw.d)、中剂量(200mg/kg.bw.d)、高剂量(400 mg/kg.bw.d)的茉莉花渣多糖分别灌胃给药,同时设阳性对照组、阴性对照组和正常照组,8d后测定血糖水平、脾脏指数及胸腺指数。试验期间,每天记录小鼠饮水量、摄食量,试验始末各称量小鼠体重1次。结果表明,茉莉花渣多糖能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖,降糖效果存在剂量-效应关系;能提高糖尿病小鼠的免疫器官指数,同时茉莉花渣多糖能明显缓解糖尿病小鼠"三多"症状,表明茉莉花渣多糖具有降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,改善糖尿病症状的作用。     

免疫初乳对正常和实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

研究了免疫初乳对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的血糖的影响.用正常小鼠和糖尿病模型小鼠研究免疫初乳调节血糖的作用;连续30 d给予正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠免疫初乳,30 d后眼眶取血,取其血清测定小鼠空腹血清血糖.结果表明,免疫初乳能显著降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平,且高荆量免疫初乳组的效果好于低剂量组的效果,但免疫初乳对正常小鼠的血清血糖没有影响.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the