不同干燥方式对双孢蘑菇干制品质量的影响

对双孢蘑菇进行热风、真空和真空冷冻干燥的对比实验,建立了3种干燥方式下物料的干燥曲线,测定干制品Vc含量、复水比和感官质量。结果表明:从干燥效率和干制品Vc含量看,真空干燥>真空冷冻干燥>热风干燥;从复水比看,真空冷冻干燥>真空干燥>热风干燥,其中真空冷冻干燥的干制品感官质量最好。对干制品进行护色和复水实验,结果显示干制品护色质量好于不护色,复水时间直接影响复水程度,最佳复水时间为40min。     

真空冷冻干燥对牡蛎品质的影响

我国牡蛎产量丰富,除部分鲜销外很多加工为干制品,然而传统牡蛎干制品复水性差、产品附加值低。为了得到高品质的牡蛎干制品,本研究对牡蛎进行真空冷冻干燥加工,并对冻干加工牡蛎的复水性、质构和蛋白、脂肪及部分滋味成分含量的变化情况进行探讨。研究结果表明:牡蛎的共晶点和共熔点温度分别为-25℃和-17.5℃,牡蛎在-30℃~-35℃条件下预冻2 h,在冷阱温度达到-40℃后在真空度20 Pa条件下干燥15 h得到干品;与对照产品(市售蚝干)相比,冻干牡蛎复水性较好,其在20 min即可复水完全,复水比为3.68;冻干牡蛎的质构也优于对照,除脂肪含量较低外,蛋白质和几种滋味成分含量也均高于对照。由此可见,真空冻干燥不仅可以减少牡蛎干制时的蛋白损失,且能够较好保持质构和原有风味,可以用于高品质牡蛎干制品的加工。     

热风干燥温度对青椒品质的影响

对青椒进行热风干燥试验,研究55,60,65,70℃干燥温度下青椒的干燥特性,对所得制品外观和品质进行比较分析。结果表明,热风干燥温度越高干燥速度越快,水分活度(aw)下降越快。70℃条件下的样品与其他3个温度相比,虽叶绿素残留率、Vc残留率、复水比都较高,但其硬度和韧性较大。而55℃干燥时,干燥时间过长,增加了干燥成本。因此,从制品外观和营养品质综合考虑,60℃较适于干燥青椒产品。     

干燥条件对熟化竹荪品质的影响

为了选出对熟化竹荪干制品最好的干燥方式及干燥温度,以熟化的竹荪为原料,比较热风干燥、真空干燥、远红外干燥和真空冷冻干燥4种干燥方式在不同的干燥温度条件下对熟化竹荪干制品色泽、复水性、质构、多糖含量及组织结构的影响。结果表明,真空冷冻干燥和真空干燥能使竹荪干制品分别在20,30min达到完全复水,而热风干燥和远红外干燥均需要40min才能完全复水。真空冷冻干燥和真空干燥的整体色泽#E值明显低于热风干燥和远红外干燥,其中真空冷冻干燥在20℃条件下干燥的竹荪干制品#E值最小为3.021。真空冷冻干燥和真空干燥均使竹荪干制品的硬度和咀嚼性小于热风干燥和远红外干燥,但对弹性影响不大。真空冷冻干燥能基本保持竹荪原有的组织结构且制品的多糖含量显著高于其他三种干燥方式。综合试验结果,真空冷冻干燥和真空干燥方式均能较好地保持熟化竹荪干制品品质。     

霸王花(火龙果花)干制工艺的研究

主要研究了霸王花的干制工艺。研究了预处理对产品品质的影响，对不同温度条件下的热风干燥和微波干燥效果进行了比较，得到了较为合理的干制工艺条件：原料用100qC水蒸气处理0．5min；采用变温干燥方式：60℃（0．5h）-70℃（1．0h）-55℃（0-2．0h）或者微波干燥方式：装载量0．25Kg，微波强度700W，时间11．6min，可以获得复水性好、Vc保存率高、感官品质优良的霸王花干制品。     

干燥方法对沙芥叶片品质的影响

研究自然干燥、真空干燥、鼓风干燥(40、60、80℃)3种干燥方法对沙芥干燥产品及复水后产品物理性质及营养成分的影响。结果表明:不同干燥方法处理的沙芥叶的物理性质及营养成分与鲜叶有较大差异,在物理性质方面,真空干燥叶片复水率显著高于其它处理(p0.05);在营养成分方面,真空干燥条件下沙芥叶片与其复水后叶片的游离氨基酸、VC、可溶性蛋白含量均高于其它干燥方法。综上所述,真空干燥对沙芥叶片营养成分的破坏最小,复水性好而且干燥时间较短,是一种较好的沙芥叶片干制品的制备方法。     

青椒香辣酱护绿护脆工艺的研究

实验对青椒香辣酱护绿护脆工艺进行研究,通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件:护脆处理:0.35%CaCl2和0.5%海藻酸钠中浸泡青椒10 min;护绿处理:0.3%柠檬酸和0.5%异Vc钠溶液,65℃水浴25 min;炒制条件:100℃,5 min;杀菌条件:90℃杀菌10 min.     

不同干燥方法对鸡腿菇干制品品质的影响

对新鲜鸡腿菇分别采用热风、真空和真空冷冻干燥。通过测定干制品的可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc含量、复水比以及感官等指标,比较了3种干燥方式对鸡腿菇干制品品质的影响。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥法所得制品的可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质和Vc含量分别为31.39±1.17Aa、82.96±2.05Aa和0.81±0.12Aa,损失显著小于其他2种干燥方式,其复水比为7.15±0.12Aa,复水性最好。     

龙眼真空冻干与热风干燥品质比较研究

以龙眼为原料,通过实验确定预处理参数：漂烫温度和时间,护色液浓度和浸泡时间。采用热风干燥、真空冻干两种方法,对龙眼肉进行加工干制。在60℃、22h热风干燥,绝压300Pa、冷阱温度-60℃、22h真空冻干下,通过测定干制品的品质评价参数,对获得的两种产品进行比较。结果表明：真空冻干制品的色泽、外观与鲜果肉相比变化不大;维生素C含量、总糖含量损失均比热风干燥少;复水率比热风干燥好。     

利用微波干燥技术研制速熟绿豆

确定微波干燥技术加工速熟绿豆的工艺及参数。通过研究绿豆浸泡、蒸制和干燥工序段条件,确定速熟绿豆的熟化和干燥最优工艺参数。速熟绿豆最优工艺参数为:浸泡温度50℃,浸泡时间3 h,蒸制时间20 min,微波干燥功率P50 W,微波干燥时间13 min。该工艺条件下加工的速熟绿豆复水性佳,产品感官状态良好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press