碱蓬籽油脂的超临界CO_2提取工艺优化

碱蓬籽中油脂含量丰富,尤以不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯-亚油酸酯居多,使用超临界CO2提取碱蓬籽油,确定最佳的提取条件。以亚油酸酯得率为指标,考察了提取温度、提取压力、提取时间、夹带剂流量对实验的影响,在单因素的基础上,采用响应面法对工艺进行优化,得到的最佳提取条件为:提取温度46℃,提取压力23.5MPa,提取时间137min,夹带剂流量0.04m L·min-1,在此条件下亚油酸酯得率为15.29%。优化的提取工艺可行,对工业化生产有一定的指导意义。     

一步法提取石蒜中加兰他敏和石蒜碱

采用正交实验法对石蒜中加兰他敏和石蒜碱的一步法提取工艺进行研究,考察乙醇质量分数、提取温度、固液比及提取时间对石蒜中加兰他敏和石蒜碱得率的影响。结果表明,在浸提3次条件下,最佳工艺条件为:75%乙醇、提取温度65℃、提取时间4 h、固液比1∶6(g/mL),加兰他敏和石蒜碱的得率分别为0.04793%和0.03643%。     

杀青条件对酶法提取南瓜果胶影响的研究

探讨了对纤维素酶法提取南瓜果胶效果有影响的两个杀青条件———温度和时间,并研究了优化工艺条件的放大过程。结果表明:杀青温度为85℃,杀青时间为20 min为最佳提取工艺,提取得率为14.3%。在放大15倍的实验中,提取得率为21.4%,这可能是由于放大实验中的测量误差减少所致。实验所得到的最佳果胶提取条件可以为综合利用南瓜提供一定的实验依据。     

玛咖多糖提取工艺研究

以玛咖块根为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取玛咖多糖,通过单因素实验探究提取温度、提取时间、料液比对玛咖的多糖得率的影响。在此基础上通过正交试验和方差分析确定最佳提取工艺条件和主要影响因素。结果表明:提取温度和提取时间对玛咖多糖的得率均有显著影响,最佳提取工艺条件为温度60℃、时间1.5h、料液比1:25g/m L。在此工艺条件下,黄玛咖的多糖得率为8.72%,黑玛咖的多糖得率为8.26%,紫玛咖的多糖得率为9.02%。     

玉米芯中水溶性膳食纤维的微波预处理-超声波碱解法提取工艺研究

采用正交实验对玉米芯中水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的微波预处理-超声波碱解法提取工艺进行优化,以SDF得率为考察指标。结果表明,最佳微波预处理工艺超声波碱解法提取工艺条件为:原料粉碎粒度60目,解吸剂比7∶1 m L/g,微波功率560 W,微波时间150 s,Na OH浓度0.8%,液料比30∶1 m L/g,超声波功率200 W,提取温度50℃,提取时间35 min。该工艺条件下,SDF得率为4.75%。与超声波提取法相比,采用微波预处理并结合碱解法,可有效提高玉米芯中SDF的超声波提取效率。微波预处理-超声波碱法提取技术具有省时高效的特点,特别适用于玉米芯SDF的提取。     

玉米芯中水溶性膳食纤维的微波预处理-超声波碱解法提取工艺研究

采用正交实验对玉米芯中水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的微波预处理-超声波碱解法提取工艺进行优化,以SDF得率为考察指标。结果表明,最佳微波预处理工艺超声波碱解法提取工艺条件为:原料粉碎粒度60目,解吸剂比7∶1 m L/g,微波功率560 W,微波时间150 s,Na OH浓度0.8%,液料比30∶1 m L/g,超声波功率200 W,提取温度50℃,提取时间35 min。该工艺条件下,SDF得率为4.75%。与超声波提取法相比,采用微波预处理并结合碱解法,可有效提高玉米芯中SDF的超声波提取效率。微波预处理-超声波碱法提取技术具有省时高效的特点,特别适用于玉米芯SDF的提取。     

荷叶总黄酮的水溶提取工艺优化研究

以荷叶总黄酮得率为指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验对水溶法提取荷叶总黄酮的工艺条件进行了优化,确定最佳工艺条件为:料液比(g∶mL)1∶50、提取温度75℃、提取时间15min、加入少量的助溶剂,在此条件下,荷叶总黄酮平均得率达到2.49%,较传统方法提高0.38%。该法具有省时、环保、成本低等优点。     

蚕蛹中蛋白质与甲壳分离的研究

以脱脂蛹为原料,采用电子光学显微分析技术,观察酸、碱浸泡样组织结构变化,确定了碱法为蛋白质与甲壳素的分离方法。选定了NaOH溶液为分离试剂,就工艺条件(温度、碱浓度、固液比、时间)对蚕蛹蛋白与甲壳素分离效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下,最佳工艺条件:温度80℃,固液比1:12,时间10min,碱浓度1(wt)%。甲壳得率为2.46%,粗蛋白回收得率为78.91%。     

荠菜中水不溶性膳食纤维及氨基酸提取工艺研究

以荠菜为原材料,采用化学法制备不溶性膳食纤维和氨基酸。用酸水解法提取氨基酸,然后用碱提取法提取IDF,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了不溶性膳食纤维制备的最佳工艺。提取荠菜IDF时,最适提取条件是碱液浓度为6％,碱浸温度为25℃,碱提取时间为20min,在此条件下提取荠菜IDF得率为71．6％,产品的持水力为658％、膨胀力为5．62mL／g。     

响应曲面法优化蔓荆子总黄酮提取工艺

优化蔓荆子总黄酮提取工艺。在乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间等单因素实验的基础上,以总黄酮得率为响应值,采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken模式对提取工艺进行研究。最佳工艺参数为乙醇浓度75%,料液比1∶23,提取温度70℃,提取时间2h。经实验验证,此条件下,蔓荆子总黄酮得率达2.54%。优选得到的工艺稳定可行,可为工业生产提供参考依据。响应曲面试验设计法可在连续范围内进行分析,优于现在普遍采用的只能分析离散条件的正交实验设计。     

超临界CO_2萃取苕叶细辛挥发油

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取苕叶细辛挥发油的条件进行了研究。考察了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素在不同水平下对苕叶细辛挥发油提取率的影响。得到了超临界CO2萃取苕叶细辛挥发油的最佳实验条件:萃取压力20MPa,温度40℃,CO2流量35kg/h和萃取时间80min,得率为1 72%。水蒸气蒸馏提取得率为0 24%。超临界CO2萃取的收率高,萃取时间短。     

超临界CO_2萃取毛叶木姜子果实挥发油

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取毛叶木姜子果实挥发油的条件进行了研究。探讨了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素对萃取率的影响。得到了超临界CO2萃取毛叶木姜子果实挥发油的最佳实验条件:用50g原料,萃取压力30MPa,温度50℃,CO2流量35kg/h,萃取时间90min,萃取得率为5 85%。     

超临界CO2和微波辅助萃取辽细辛挥发油

通过超临界CO2萃取辽细辛挥发油均匀设计实验和微波诱导萃取的正交实验比较,考察了影响提取的主要因素,得到了最佳萃取工艺. 超临界CO2萃取最佳工艺条件为：压力16 MPa,温度32oC,CO2流量20 kg/h和时间80 min,得率为3.78%;微波萃取最佳工艺条件为：辐射功率720 W,辐射时间50 s,溶剂用量300 ml,洗涤溶剂用量30 ml,得率为5.46%. 水蒸馏法提取率为1.62%. 结果表明,超临界CO2和水蒸馏法萃取辽细辛挥发油品质最好;微波萃取收率最高,但品质较差.     

猕猴桃根总黄酮的超声提取及抗氧化活性

以湘西"米良猕猴桃"根为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取总黄酮,通过单因素及正交实验优化提取条件,考察总黄酮对羟基自由基清除效果及对油脂氧化的抑制作用,并与常用抗氧化剂作比较。结果表明,以体积分数60%乙醇按照每1 g固体30 mL液体(即料液比1∶30,下同)在60℃水浴中超声提取40 min后,猕猴桃根中总黄酮得率为1.5%。该提取物对羟基自由基清除效果随质量浓度的增大而升高,对食用油脂的氧化有较好的抑制作用。     

陕北南瓜多糖的提取工艺研究

对陕北南瓜多糖热水提取和碱水提取的工艺参数进行了研究,考察了料液比、浸提时间、温度、pH值对南瓜多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,陕北南瓜多糖的最佳热水提取工艺为:提取温度65℃,料液比1∶40,提取时间2 h,提取率为43.21 mg/g;最优的碱水提取工艺为:提取温度60℃,料液比1∶50,提取时间2 h,pH值为13,提取率为57.72 mg/g。两种工艺路线成本低廉,工艺简单,能保证食品的安全性和提取物的天然活性。     

黑种草籽油的超临界CO_2萃取及其GC-MS分析

以新疆瘤果黑种草籽为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术(SFE-CO2)研究了瘤果黑种草籽油的萃取工艺,并对其化学成分进行了GC-MS分析。得到瘤果黑种草籽油较适宜的工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间2 h,CO2流量20 kg/h。在该工艺条件下,黑种草籽油的得油率达36.33%。GC-MS检测出6种脂肪酸成分,主要为不饱和脂肪酸,其中,亚油酸质量分数60.95%,油酸质量分数20.54%,8,11-二十碳二烯酸质量分数2.43%,不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数近84%。     

超临界CO_2萃取青皮挥发油的工艺研究

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取中药青皮挥发油的最佳工艺条件进行优选。以挥发油得率为考察指标,探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间三因素在不同水平下对青皮挥发油得率的影响,并与水蒸气蒸馏法进行了比较。研究表明,萃取压力对挥发油得率有显著影响,萃取温度及时间影响不显著,各因素作用主次关系为:压力>温度>时间。优选得到的最佳工艺为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间1.5 h,得率为1.3197%,比水蒸气蒸馏法提高2.4倍,时间减少78.57%。超临界CO2萃取收率高、耗时短、品质好。     

Extraction of essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) with supercritical carbon dioxide

This study investigated the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of geranium essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) using supercritical carbon dioxide solvent. The extraction yield was measured as a function of pressure, temperature and carbon dioxide flow rate. At low pressure (10 MPa) and high temperature (343 K), waxes were co‐extracted with the essential oil, resulting in artificially elevated essential oil extraction yields as no method was available with the SFE apparatus used to separate co‐extracted waxes and oil. At high pressure (30 MPa) and low temperature (313 K), the amount of wax co‐extracted decreased. Under these ‘optimum’ conditions, the extraction yield increased with decrease in flow rate giving a maximum extraction yield of 2.53%. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the effect of pressure and extraction time on oil composition was studied. The percentage compositions of terpene hydrocarbons, terpenols, geraniol and geranyl esters were significantly affected by pressure and extraction time. The oil samples obtained by SFE were also compared with commercially obtained steam distilled samples. All major components of the commercially obtained oils were present in the SFE‐obtained oils; however, the percentage composition of the major components differed greatly between steam distilled and SFE oils. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

香薷黄酮的超声波辅助提取

以脱脂后的香薷油粕为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法提取香薷中的黄酮,分光光度法测定黄酮含量。分析溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度等因素对黄酮提取率的影响,采用正交实验优化提取条件。结果表明,香薷黄酮提取率的影响因素大小顺序为:料液比超声时间乙醇体积分数超声温度;最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30 g/mL,温度60℃,提取时间30 min;在此条件下黄酮的提取率为4.17%。     

Laboratory-Scale Optimization of Roasting Conditions Followed by Aqueous Extraction of Oil from Wild Almond

The effects of roasting and aqueous extraction conditions for oil recovery from wild almond were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum conditions for oil extraction were obtained at 142 °C roasting temperature, 16.5 min roasting time, 5.67 extraction pH and 4.6 h extraction time. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of 34.5% (w/w, based on the original weight of the sample) was obtained, which is equivalent to 80.0% of the total oil in the kernel. This was lower than that obtained by hexane Soxhlet (HS) extraction (43.1%, w/w, considered as 100% of total oil) but higher than that of cold pressing (CP) (18.5%, w/w; i.e., 42.9% of total oil). The refractive indices and saponification values of the oils were not affected by the extraction method. However, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions and DPPH radical scavenging capacities as well as unsaponifiable matter, iodine, peroxide and acid values of the obtained oils were impacted by the extraction method. The results showed that the quality attributes (omega-6 fatty acid content, peroxide and acid values, total tocopherol contents and antioxidant activity) of the oil obtained by AEP were somewhat similar to those of the oil extracted by CP and much superior to those of the oil obtained by HS.