高速永磁电机设计与分析技术综述

高速永磁电机在航空航天、能源及精密制造等领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文首先介绍了现有文献中的高速永磁电机定转子结构及其所使用的材料;然后从定子铁耗、铜耗、转子涡流损耗与风摩损耗等方面,分别总结归纳了电机中各项损耗及其计算方法;对比分析了各种高速永磁电机温升计算方法;概述了高速电机转子支承方式的发展情况。总结了转子强度与动力学分析相关的问题,最后展望高速永磁电机相关技术的主要发展方向。     

高速动车组大功率永磁牵引电机研制

随着动车组(EMU)速度等级的不断提高,要求牵引电机的功率更大、质量更轻、效率更高。为此,主要从高速动车组永磁牵引电机参数选取、结构设计等方面展开研究,并进行仿真分析计算,在现有安装空间内,研制出更高转速、更大功率密度的永磁牵引电机,以满足EMU运行要求。     

高速永磁电机转子设计与强度分析

文中介绍了高速永磁电机的设计特点，重点论述了永磁材料和转子结构型式的选取、主要尺寸的确定与转子强度的分析和计算方法。目前永磁电机多采用烧结钕铁硼永磁材料，其抗压强度较大而抗拉强度很小，永磁体难以承受转子高速旋转巨大离心力产生的拉应力，必须在永磁体外设置高强度非导磁防护套，采用过盈配合给永磁体施加一定的预压力。文中介绍了采用解析法和数值分析有限元法进行高速永磁电机转子强度分析的实用技术，并给出了对一台额定转速为60000r／min的高速电机永磁转子强度的分析计算结果。     

高速永磁电机定转子结构设计的分析

随着航空航天等精密制造行业飞速发展,高速永磁电机相关技术也得到了进一步的发展。因此,本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,从电机定子设计及其所使用的材料、电机转子设计及其所使用的材料两个方面入手对高速永磁电机设计技术进行了详细分析。最后总结并展望了高速永磁电机相关技术的主要发展方向。     

使用辅助槽减小高速永磁电动机的转子涡流损耗

在高速永磁电动机中,转子涡流损耗会使转子温度升高,影响电机效率等性能,甚至导致永磁体过热退磁。针对高速永磁电动机中的转子涡流损耗问题,提出使用辅助槽来减小转子涡流损耗,研究了不同宽度、深度、槽型、数目和槽角的辅助槽对转子涡流损耗的影响,分析了其减小转子涡流损耗的原因以及开辅助槽对电机性能的影响。得出通过选取合适的辅助槽可以减小转子涡流损耗,同时不会明显降低电机的反电势。对高速永磁电动机的设计和分析具有重要的理论研究和工程应用价值。     

大功率高速永磁电机的电磁设计与损耗分析

大功率高速永磁电机的损耗与温升等影响电机功率密度的提高。以500 kW、12 000 r/min高速永磁电机为例,分析了电机极对数、定子绕组形式、转子结构、永磁体等对电机性能特别是损耗的影响。采用电机的有限元仿真模型,对电机的转子结构强度、输出性能、损耗进行了分析计算。试制了样机并对相关性能进行试验验证,分析计算与试验结果均表明,电机达到了较高的技术指标要求,为高速永磁电机的优化设计提供了参考。     

高速永磁电机综合设计与分析

高速非晶合金永磁电机设计受电磁、机械、温升的制约,因此高速非晶合金永磁电机的设计是一个多物理场综合设计的过程。针对高速非晶合金永磁电机设计受多物理场制约的问题,基于多物理场的分析方法,分析了非晶合金材料对高速永磁电机电磁性能的影响;研究了内置式永磁转子在高速运行状态下的应力分布,并分析了轴承支撑刚度对转子系统临界转速的影响;针对高速非晶合金永磁电机损耗分布特点研究了其温度场的分布。基于提出的多物理场综合设计方法,设计并制造了一台额定功率15 k W、最高转速30 000 r/min的高速内置式非晶合金永磁电机,并对样机进行了试验,验证了仿真分析与设计方法的可行性,为高速非晶合金永磁电机的设计提供参考。     

高速永磁发电机的设计与电磁性能分析

由于结构简单、高效率和高功率密度,永磁转子成为高速电机的首选结构,然而转子的高速旋转和定子的高频供电,对高速永磁电机的电磁与机械设计提出了新的要求。该文在分析高速永磁电机设计特点的基础上,对一台60 000 r/min、75 kW的高速永磁同步发电机进行了电磁与结构设计,基于场路耦合有限元法分析了高速永磁同步发电机的空载和负载特性,计算了负载运行时电机的电磁与机械损耗,并进行了电机的温升场分析。计算的结果表明,高速永磁发电机的设计合理,电机性能能够满足设计要求。     

大容量高速永磁电机热流场仿真及参数敏感性分析

建立电机三维热流场模型,基于流固耦合法,计算大容量高速永磁电机温度场。通过样机温升试验,验证了仿真模型正确性。在此基础上选取导热系数这一影响温度场重要因素作为研究对象,通过控制其在合理范围变化,分析电机温度场对各部件导热系数的敏感性程度。结果为以后高速永磁电机温度场仿真中导热系数的确定提供了参考。     

高速无轴承永磁电机设计与分析

高速电机具有高功率密度、能够减小设备体积与重量,可以直接驱动负载、提高传动效率,在航空航天、新能源、精密制造等领域具有广阔的应用前景。将无轴承永磁电机应用于高速驱动系统,在推导无轴承永磁电机数学模型基础上,提出了高速无轴承永磁电机设计方法。通过对一台额定功率2 300 W、额定转速8 000 r/min、调速范围0~60 000 r/min的高速无轴承永磁电机进行电磁和机械一体化设计,并采用有限元法对样机的电磁性能和动力学性能进行优化。仿真试验结果验证了所采用的设计方法的正确性。     

高速永磁无刷直流电机设计和试验

高速永磁无刷直流电机具有功率密度高、体积小、效率高等优点,在很多领域有着广泛应用。介绍了高速永磁无刷直流电机设计的关键问题,研制了2.3 kW,15万r/min的高速永磁无刷直流电机样机和控制系统,并结合空载试验计算了电机的定子铁耗和轴承损耗。     

空压机用高速永磁电机铁心和磁钢损耗的影响因素

高速电机具有电流频率高、定子铁耗和转子涡流损耗大等特点。针对额定功率10 kW、额定转速100 000 r/min空压机用高速永磁电机,对比分析了平行充磁和径向充磁、脉冲振幅调制(PAM)方波驱动和基于SiC的正弦波驱动时对损耗的影响。分析结果表明,平行充磁气隙磁密谐波小,空载定子铁心损耗比径向充磁低约40%;驱动方式对电机损耗尤其是转子损耗影响较大,正弦波驱动时转子损耗几乎可忽略,方波驱动时转子损耗占比可达总损耗的20%。针对方波驱动转子损耗大的问题,在转子表面增加一层铜屏蔽层,分析结果表明可以有效降低转子涡流损耗。对同一台带压缩机负载的高速电机对比测试了2种驱动器控制下的母线输入的有功功率,验证了驱动方式对电机损耗的影响。     

Characteristics of a permanent magnet type bearingless motor

Super high-speed and high-power electric machines are required for turbomolecular pumps and spindle drives. High rotational speed and high power drives can be achieved with bearingless motors. In this paper, a bearingless motor with the principles of permanent magnet type synchronous motors is proposed. High power factor and high efficiency can be expected in permanent magnet type bearingless motors. The proposed bearingless motor is a 4 pole permanent magnet synchronous motor, in which additional 2-pole windings are wound together with 4-pole motor windings in stator slots. With currents of 2-pole windings, radial magnetic forces are produced to support a rotor shaft. Principles of radial force production of surface-mounted permanent magnet bearingless motors are analyzed mathematically. It was found that radial forces are efficiently produced by employing thin permanent magnets on the surface of rotor iron core. A test machine was built in order to measure inductance functions as well as relationships between voltages and currents     

Synchronous Motors with Cylindrical Rotors for the Petrochemical Industry

An important role is played by the compressor in the petrochemical industry. Typical high-speed compressor drivers are turbines and induction and synchronous motors. The cylindrical-rotor synchronous motor and its application as a high-speed compressor driver is discussed. Important tasks within the production processes of the petrochemical industry include gas liquefaction, compression, refrigeration, and heat recovery. Compressor drive systems constitute important components in plants for such processes. In the past, large high-speed radial and axial compressors were driven mainly by turbines, but in recent years electric motors have been used increasingly. In addition to lower plant costs, the advantages Include high operating efficiency, low pollution, and simpler handling and maintenance. The majority of drives are operating at constant speed, using a four-or six-pole motor with stepup gear. For large ratings, synchronous motors are preferred. For these a number of specific characteristics, such as electrically excited oscillating torques during asynchronous acceleration and special cooling conditions, must be considered. The urge for optimum operating characteristics has led to the development of the synchronous motor with laminated cylindrical rotor, derived from the two-pole turbine-driven generator. The design structure, the steady-state and dynamic operating characteristics, and the starting performance during asynchronous acceleration of such synchronous drive systems are the topics covered here. The theoretical background has been excluded from the normal text and is summarized in the Appendices.     

A high-speed vector-controlled spindle motor drive with closedtransition between with encoder control and without encoder control

A 40000-r/min vector-controlled induction motor drive is introduced. The vector control of induction motors has been widely accepted in spindle drives of machine tools where they replace conventional DC motors because of the low maintenance requirements. Another important feature of the AC spindle drive is its high-speed capability. The magnetic encoder is most widely used as the speed detector because it is suited for use in an adverse environment. However, the magnetic encoder with high resolution and a high S/N ratio loses the output pulses at extremely high speed. In the drive system introduced, the conventional vector control is used in the low-speed range, and the vector control without the encoder is used in the high-speed range. Close transition between two modes is made without interrupting the operation     

Flexible shaft versus rigid shaft electric machines for petroleumand chemical plants

It is pointed out that most small electric machines are designed to rigid shaft criteria without any concern for possible effects on operating performance. However, an increasing number of large high-speed motors that operate at constant speed are designed to be flexible shaft machines. For those machines that operate at constant speed, flexible shaft design may be a good approach. However, flexible shaft motors may not be well suited to adjustable-speed operation because excessive vibration may occur at some operating speeds. The drive may have certain ranges of operation speed that cannot run continuously because of the high vibration. Rigid shaft motors have the advantage of being less prone to excessive vibration when operated over a wide speed range. With proper coordination and system design, rigid shaft motors operating on resilient mountings can be made insensitive to vibration. Hydrodynamic bearings can provide the required resilience if the rotor system is properly designed. Experience with such drives has not shown a need to forbid continuous operation for certain speed ranges     

感应电动机参数对厂用电切换方式的影响

厂用电快速切换是提高负荷供电可靠性的一种重要手段.鉴于现代负荷以感应电动机为主,文中以一个典型发电厂为例,采用PSCAD/EMTDC深入分析感应电动机参数对快速切换、同期捕捉切换和残压切换的三种电源切换方式的影响.研究发现电动机惯性常数和负荷转矩负载率主要影响快速切换和同期捕捉切换;而残压切换方式主要受电动机转子电阻,励磁电抗和负荷转矩负载率的影响.该文对于研制更为有效的厂用电切换装置具有一定的参考意义.     

Effect of crosspath resistance between adjacent rotor bars onperformance of inverter-fed high-speed induction motor

The effects of crosspath resistance between adjacent rotor bars on steady state performance of inverter-fed high-speed cage induction motors are discussed. It is shown that the equivalent rotor resistance and leakage reactance change with crosspath resistance between adjacent rotor bars for various values of the fundamental supply frequency and the slip. The steady state characteristics of the high-speed induction motor drives for various crosspath resistance are discussed on the basis of theoretical and experimental results. The results of this research are applied in the design of a high-speed induction motor with uninsulated rotor bars     

高速开关磁阻电机电磁解析分析方法

磁化曲线计算是SRM解析计算的关键,现有的磁化曲线计算公式大多针对多极数低速SRM,不适用于高速运行的低极数SRM.本文在传统8/6极低速SRM磁化曲线的基础上,推导了4/2极高速SRM三个重要位置的磁化曲线计算公式,并与有限元结果做了对比.对额定工况下的4/2极SRM样机进行了转矩校验,指出了传统校验法的不足,提出了新的校验方法.最后,考虑电机自起动能力,优化了电机转子结构.     

变频高速电机驱动压缩机在西气东输的运用

介绍了西门子LCI变频器及高速电机驱动压缩机系统在西气东输的应用.主要作用是用变频电机驱动压缩机,为长输天然气管线增压.经应用表明,该系统节能降耗、工作可靠、操作方便.通过对驱动系统的构成、主要特点的阐述及工程建设、运行中易出现问题的分析总结,为该类系统在今后相似项目上的运用提供了经验借鉴.