大豆蛋白塑料的研究现状与应用前景

概括了可完全生物降解的天然产物塑料—大豆蛋白塑料的改性方法及制备方式,并介绍大豆蛋白塑料的主要性能及其表征方法,最后对大豆蛋白塑料的应用前景进行了展望。     

可生物降解大豆蛋白材料的研究进展

介绍了可生物降解材料的定义和降解机理,阐述了可生物降解大豆蛋白材料的研究概况,从物理改性、化学改性、共混改性三方面对近年来大豆蛋白材料的改性进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

壳聚糖复合保鲜膜成膜性能的改性研究进展

壳聚糖来源丰富,可被生物降解,制成薄膜后具有一定的透O2、CO2和透水蒸气的性能,有很好的保鲜和抑菌效果,若采用简单的物理共混和化学改性等方法制成多成分的复合膜以弥补单层壳聚糖保鲜膜的性能局限,将会满足不同食品的包装需要。本文从机械性能、阻隔性能、抗菌性能和生物降解性四个方面论述了复合保鲜膜成膜性能的改性研究,为复合保鲜膜的改性提供理论依据。     

壳聚糖复合保鲜膜成膜性能的改性研究进展

壳聚糖来源丰富,可被生物降解,制成薄膜后具有一定的透O2、CO2和透水蒸气的性能,有很好的保鲜和抑菌效果,若采用简单的物理共混和化学改性等方法制成多成分的复合膜以弥补单层壳聚糖保鲜膜的性能局限,将会满足不同食品的包装需要。本文从机械性能、阻隔性能、抗菌性能和生物降解性四个方面论述了复合保鲜膜成膜性能的改性研究,为复合保鲜膜的改性提供理论依据。     

可生物降解材料及其评价方法研究进展

介绍了可生物降解材料的定义以及降解机理,综述了可生物降解材料的种类;简要概括了淀粉基和大豆蛋白两种可生物降解材料。对比论述了可生物降解材料的评价方法,展望了可生物降解材料发展的方向。     

聚乳酸薄膜材料的阻隔性研究进展

目的综述聚乳酸薄膜材料的优缺点和影响其阻隔性的因素及改性技术,为包装(尤其是食品软包装)行业提供理论基础。方法以聚乳酸薄膜材料为主,总结影响聚乳酸阻隔性的自身原因,从物理改性、复合改性、化学改性和表面涂覆处理等方面进行阐述。结果聚乳酸可生物降解,其制备和降解都不会污染环境,但阻隔性差,必须对其进行改性,各种改性方法均有优劣。结论聚乳酸薄膜材料的改性技术仍存在不足,有待开发和完善一种不牺牲材料的生物相容性、设备简单、成本又低的改性技术。     

大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇薄膜对圣女果保鲜性能研究

以大豆蛋白及聚乙烯醇为原料,以薄膜的抗张强度、断裂伸长率、透光率、阻隔性能及吸水率为评价指标,在室温条件下,分别对圣女果进行裸包处理,市售聚乙烯保鲜膜裹包处理,大豆蛋白/ 聚乙烯醇薄膜裹包处理,纳米SiO2改性大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇薄膜裹包处理,探讨4种保鲜处理方式对储藏过程中圣女果的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量及VC 含量的影响,以研究大豆蛋白/ 聚乙烯醇薄膜对圣女果的保鲜效果.试验结果表明：在0～7 d内,大豆蛋白/ 聚乙烯醇薄膜在一定程度上可缓解圣女果的腐烂霉变,具有一定的保鲜效果;4种保鲜处理方式的效果依次为,纳米SiO2改性大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇薄膜〉市售聚乙烯保鲜膜〉大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇薄膜〉空白对照组;阻隔性能较好的市售聚乙烯保鲜膜对圣女果的保鲜效果略次于纳米SiO2改性大豆蛋白/聚乙烯醇薄膜,故对于果蔬的保鲜而言,并不是使用的保鲜膜的阻隔性能越好,其保鲜效果就越好,而是与果蔬的生理作用匹配度越高的保鲜膜,保鲜效果才越好.     

纤维素基可降解吸水材料的研究与发展

纤维素基高吸水材料主要通过醚化和交联、接枝共聚和复合改性的方法制备,其中复合改性主要有纤维素/高分子复合以及纤维素/无机物复合两种。改性后,材料的吸水倍率可达几百至几千倍,同时还具备可生物降解性能,因此应用前景广阔。     

聚丁二酸丁二酯基脂肪族聚酯合成、改性及降解的技术进展

聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)基脂肪族聚酯是目前广受关注的可生物降解高分子材料之一,总结概述了其制备、改性、降解及应用等方面的进展。其中,PBS基脂肪族聚酯的制备工艺主要包括熔融缩聚法、溶液聚合法、酯交换法和扩链法等,改性方法涵盖物理共混改性、增塑改性、扩链改性和交联改性等。此外,阐述了PBS基脂肪族聚酯生物降解方面的现状,包括土壤掩埋降解、微生物降解和酶降解等,最后概括了PBS基脂肪族聚酯的应用及未来发展方向。     

完全生物降解CPP薄膜的研制

介绍了CPP薄膜添加完全生物降解材料改性的研究。分析对比了添加不同比例完全生物降解材料的CPP薄膜降解效果。结果表明:添加完全生物降解材料的CPP薄膜在一年保质期内保持了良好的物理力学性能,且其在自然环境下降解效果优于未降解改性的CPP包装薄膜;通过添加适当比例的完全生物降解材料,可实现降解的可控性。     

高直链淀粉材料改性及应用研究进展

目的高直链淀粉具有独特的糊化特性和优异的成膜性能,在可降解材料和包装领域有较大的应用前景,但高直链淀粉基可降解材料耐水性差,湿强度低是一直以来固有的缺陷,因而需要充分了解高直链淀粉基材料的广泛应用,深入探索高直链淀粉的改性方法。方法通过追踪国内外高直链淀粉相关的改性研究和应用进展,概述高直链淀粉的基本性质和性能,重点分析高直链淀粉常用的改性方法,如物理改性、化学改性和酶改性对高直链淀粉微观结构和力学性能的影响,详细介绍高直链淀粉在众多领域的挑战与机遇。结论通过物理改性、化学改性和酶改性等方法,可以实现高直链淀粉粒径减小、糊化温度降低、热稳定性提高等理化性质的改善,拓宽了高直链淀粉在包装、食品和医用等领域的应用范围。     

PLA、PGA及其共聚物在包装领域应用研究进展

目的 综述聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚乙丙交酯(PLGA)及其改性材料在包装领域的研究进展,对改性材料及制备工艺进行展望,为PLA、PGA以及PLGA的改性与制备提供参考。方法 简介PLA、PGA以及PLGA的制备方法、基本性能,并总结近几年改性材料的种类及其制备工艺。结果 对PLA、PGA以及PLGA进行改性,再通过溶液铸膜、吹塑制膜等工艺制备薄膜,制备的薄膜具有优异的抗紫外性能、阻隔性能以及抗菌性能。结论 PLA、PGA以及PLGA具有优异的生物降解性能,通过改性后制备的薄膜性能更加均衡,在包装领域具有极大的应用前景,对聚合物的改性方法还需进行深入研究,制备出性能更加优异的改性材料。     

Biodegradable polymers: A review about biodegradation and its implications and applications

Plastic waste pollution is a global environmental problem that could be solved by biodegradable materials. In addition, its biodegradability has been important for medical applications. In this way, the biodegradability performance has been investigated for different materials under diversified environmental conditions. In this context, this review shows the main up-to-date biodegradable polymers (from renewable sources and fossil-based), their structure and properties, and their biodegradability characteristics. Also, this review shows the effect of polymer properties and environmental conditions on biodegradability, methods of biodegradability and toxicity determination, modification processes to enhance biodegradability, and main applications of biodegradable polymers for agriculture, medical, and packaging. Finally, this review presents a discussion of the implications of biodegradation on the environment, the current context, and future perspectives of plastic biodegradation.     

大豆分离蛋白膜制备及改性研究的现状和应用

目的整理和归纳目前国内外关于大豆分离蛋白(Soy Protein Isolate,SPI)膜的制备方法及改性研究的最新研究成果,为将来制备高性能的该系列材料提供依据。方法归纳整理国内外文献,从文献中归纳SPI膜的基本性能和目前SPI膜的3种主流制备方法,并从力学性能、防潮性能、抑菌性能、阻氧阻湿性能等4个方面介绍SPI膜的改性研究现状,最后对SPI膜的应用情况进行归纳。结果 SPI具有来源广泛、价格低廉、环境友好等诸多优点。在对其进行改性后,由SPI制备薄膜的成膜性能、力学性能、防潮性能、抑菌性能、阻氧阻湿性能均有显著提高。结论对SPI膜进行有效改性后,其在保鲜包装、环保包装、可食用包装、风味食品包装等领域具有广泛且良好的发展前景。     

Environmentally degradable, high-performance thermoplastics from phenolic phytomonomers

Aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(lactic acid), which degrade by hydrolysis, from naturally occurring molecules form the main components of biodegradable plastics. However, these polyesters have become substitutes for only a small percentage of the currently used plastic materials because of their poor thermal and mechanical properties. Polymers that degrade into natural molecules and have a performance closer to that of engineering plastics would be highly desirable. Although the use of a high-strength filler such as a bacterial cellulose or modified lignin greatly increases the plastic properties, it is the matrix polymer that determines the intrinsic properties of the composite. The introduction of an aromatic component into the thermoplastic polymer backbone is an efficient method to intrinsically improve the material performance. Here, we report the preparation of environmentally degradable, liquid crystalline, wholly aromatic polyesters. The polyesters were derived from polymerizable plant-derived chemicals--in other words, 'phytomonomers' that are widely present as lignin biosynthetic precursors. The mechanical performance of these materials surpasses that of current biodegradable plastics, with a mechanical strength, sigma, of 63 MPa, a Young's modulus, E, of 16 GPa, and a maximum softening temperature of 169 degrees C. On light irradiation, their mechanical properties improved further and the rate of hydrolysis accelerated.     

Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s: Diversification and biomedical applications: A state of the art review

Biomaterials have played an important role in the treatment of disease and the improvement of health care. Synthetic and naturally occurring biodegradable and biocompatible polymers have been used as biomaterials. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising materials for biomedical applications because they are biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible. We will shortly summarize the modification reactions, which include functionalization and grafting reactions, to improve the mechanical, thermal and hydrophilic properties of PHAs. The use of the modified PHAs in numerous biomedical applications, such as sutures, cardiovascular patches, wound dressings, scaffolds in tissue engineering, tissue repair/regeneration devices, drug carriers will be discussed in this review.     

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Engineered Protein-Based Adhesives and Fibers

Protein-based structural biomaterials are of great interest for various applications because the sequence flexibility within the proteins may result in their improved mechanical and structural integrity and tunability. As the two representative examples, protein-based adhesives and fibers have attracted tremendous attention. The typical protein adhesives, which are secreted by mussels, sandcastle worms, barnacles, and caddisfly larvae, exhibit robust underwater adhesion performance. In order to mimic the adhesion performance of these marine organisms, two main biological adhesives are presented, including genetically engineered protein-based adhesives and biomimetic chemically synthetized adhesives. Moreover, various protein-based fibers inspired by spider and silkworm proteins, collagen, elastin, and resilin are studied extensively. The achievements in synthesis and fabrication of structural biomaterials by DNA recombinant technology and chemical regeneration certainly will accelerate the explorations and applications of protein-based adhesives and fibers in wound healing, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biosensors, and other high-tech applications. However, the mechanical properties of the biological structural materials still do not match those of natural systems. More efforts need to be devoted to the study of the interplay of the protein structure, cohesion and adhesion effects, fiber processing, and mechanical performance.