综合孔径辐射计亮温反演算法研究

综合孔径辐射计通过干涉测量技术反演目标辐射亮温图像,属于空域傅里叶变换范畴,其中相关运算中由各阵元之间传输延时造成的空间解相关效应,对亮温反演结果具有重要影响.文章从空域频率采样的角度分析了反演算法,同时探讨了G矩阵相关性以及空间解相关效应对亮温反演的影响.在传统的BG(Backus-Gilbert)算法基础上,提出了补偿空间解相关效应的方法,利用去相关矩阵对带宽、通道不一致性造成的误差进行了补偿.     

综合孔径辐射计空中隐身目标探测性能分析

微波辐射信号是"似噪"的随机信号,综合孔径辐射计反演图像具有随机特性。建立了综合孔径辐射计反演图像的统计分布模型,提出了基于综合孔径辐射计反演图像的目标检测概率计算方法,给出了综合孔径辐射计的最大探测距离方程。并以100单元T型天线阵列为例,分析了综合孔径辐射计用于空中隐身目标探测的性能,通过仿真进行了实验验证。论文研究结果将为综合孔径辐射计技术在隐身目标探测中的应用提供理论依据。     

综合孔径辐射计反演成像算法研究

高效的反演成像算法是综合孔径辐射计成像的关键技术之一。提出一种基于视场细分的改进反演成像算法,将视场细分成多个矩形子区域,利用反演亮温与可视度函数的傅里叶变换关系,得到每个子视场的反演亮温。通过理论证明和仿真计算表明:该算法可使系统中未消除的误差分量对亮温反演的影响最小,与常用的BG算法对比分析:表明了新算法的正确性和有效性,且计算速度快。     

一种扩大8 mm波段综合孔径辐射计成像视场的方法

针对8mm波段综合孔径辐射计射频前端电尺寸较大,采用常规Y形阵列布局系统成像视场范围小的缺点,首先提出了一种星形天线阵列布局,它使可视度函数采样点之间的间隔变为天线单元间隔的一半,从而使系统的成像视场扩大到原来的两倍;然后,针对星形阵列可视度函数采样点缺失的问题,研究了背景对消与凸集投影相结合的图像反演算法,并进行了成像仿真。仿真结果验证了该反演算法的有效性。     

一种扩大8 mm波段综合孔径辐射计成像视场的方法

针对8 mm波段综合孔径辐射计射频前端电尺寸较大、采用常规Y形阵列布局系统成像视场范围小的缺点,首先提出了一种星形天线阵列布局,它使可视度函数采样点之间的间隔变为天线单元间隔的一半,从而使系统的成像视场扩大到原来的两倍;然后,针对星形阵列可视度函数采样点缺失的问题,研究了背景对消与凸集投影相结合的图像反演算法,并进行了成像仿真.仿真结果验证了该反演算法的有效性.     

基于孔径长度域重采样的快速恒定束宽波束形成

为解决宽带阵列天线波束宽度抖动的问题,在分析阵元权系数和阵列方向图傅里叶变换关系的基础上,提出了一种基于孔径长度域重采样的快速恒定束宽宽带波束形成方法。该方法通过期望方向图的傅里叶反变换获取孔径长度域上的权系数曲线,然后用不同的采样间隔对该权系数曲线进行重采样得到不同频率下的阵元权系数。由于仅需进行一次积分运算,该方法具有运算量小、速度快的特点。为使阵列方向图在恒定束宽的基础上具有更好的方向性,通过对孔径长度域拟合度的分析给出了期望方向图的设计方法。仿真结果表明所提方法可以快速形成方向性较好的宽带阵列恒定束宽方向图。     

基于先验信息的综合孔径辐射计误差校正方法

误差会严重影响综合孔径微波辐射计的成像性能,需要进行校正.但是,随着系统工作频率的提高和阵列尺寸的扩大,校正难度越来越大.文中提出一种基于先验信息的综合孔径微波辐射计误差校正方法.该校正方法包括一个基于先验信息的校正矩阵以及一种基于先验信息的CLEAN算法.首先,该校正方法将含有误差的系统响应作为先验信息构造校正矩阵,并校正得到初步的反演图像;然后,利用上述先验信息估计系统的阵列因子并代入基于先验信息的CLEAN算法,校正图像中剩余的误差.仿真和实验结果表明该校正方法能有效提高综合孔径微波辐射计的成像质量.该校正方法可以在图像反演过程中全面校正综合孔径微波辐射计的误差,降低对校正系统的硬件性能要求,适用于大阵列毫米波综合孔径微波辐射计的校正误差.     

一种基于稀疏先验的综合孔径展源辐射成像统计反演方法

确定性的综合孔径辐射计反演方法没有考虑亮温分布先验信息的统计特性.针对亮温分布具有非连续特性的展源,本文提出了一种基于稀疏先验的综合孔径展源辐射成像统计反演方法.根据该方法,采用修正的差分算子提取亮温非连续分布展源中隐含的稀疏先验,建立稀疏先验概率分布的多层先验等效高斯模型,将图像反演等效为该模型超参数估计,并采用期望最大化算法估计该模型超参数.仿真和实验结果表明:与现有的综合孔径辐射计确定性反演方法相比,本文提出的反演方法不仅能有效提高反演图像的准确度,而且对综合孔径辐射计的各种误差鲁棒性更强.     

基于滤波反投影算法的自旋式综合孔径辐射计分辨率与灵敏度分析

针对自旋式稀疏阵列综合孔径微波辐射计近似于极坐标的采样方式下成像算法复杂、系统参数估计困难等问题,该文提出一种基于滤波反投影算法的系统参数估计方法。该方法通过对极坐标下狄拉克采样梳子函数进行1维傅里叶-汉克尔变换得到系统的点扩散函数,并根据点扩散函数主副瓣分解,重点分析了径向与角度方向采样间隔对无混叠视场范围的影响以及主瓣宽度对应的分辨率。该文同时利用滤波反投影算法推导了自旋式稀疏阵列辐射灵敏度的估计方法。数值仿真与实测点源响应函数的一致性表明了该模型的精确性。     

一种新的gyrator变换的快速算法

为了研究gyrator变换在光学信息处理中的应用,提出了一种采用两次快速傅里叶变换实现快速计算gyrator变换的新算法.在量纲归一化条件下,研究了gyrator变换离散化过程,获得了空域、傅里叶变换域和gyrator变换域的采样间隔,形成了一种能避免尺度变换的算法.采用该算法进行了数值模拟实验,实验结果与相关文献中报道的计算结果一致.结果表明,该算法可以应用于gyrator变换的研究中.     

BHU-2D干涉综合孔径微波辐射计反演算法研究

演算法比G矩阵反演算法具有更好的实用性和稳定性.     

CGLS 算法在综合孔径微波辐射计中的应用

高效的反演成像算法是综合孔径微波辐射计的关键技术之一。由于综合孔径微波辐射计反演成像在数学上是病态的反问题,所以需要进行正则化处理以克服其病态特性而获得稳定的解。与直接正则化方法相比,共轭梯度最小二乘(Conjugate Gradients Least Squares, CGLS)迭代法具有无须明确正则化参数、无须对传递矩阵求逆等优点。提出将共轭梯度最小二乘法应用于综合孔径辐射计成像中,并基于全极化干涉式微波辐射计(Full Polarization Interferometric Radiometer, FPIR)系统,比较了其与经典的最小范数正则化的性能。仿真结果表明:与最小范数正则化相比,CGLS 正则化算法能有效降低FPIR 系统图像反演误差,以获取高精确度的观测场景的亮温分布满足FPIR 系统探测海面风场、海表面盐度和土壤湿度等应用需求。     

Synthetic aperture radiometry evaluated by a two-channeldemonstration model

The Technical University of Denmark (TUD) Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (SARad) is a two-channel demonstration model that can simulate a two-dimensional (2D) thinned array radiometer having an unfilled aperture populated with several small antenna elements. Aperture synthesis obtained by interferometric measurements using the antenna elements in pairs, followed by an image reconstruction based on an inverse Fourier transform, results in an imaging instrument without the need of mechanical scan. The thinned aperture and the nonscanning feature make the technique attractive for spaceborne radiometer systems, especially at low frequencies. The TUD SARad demonstration model consists of a two-channel K_u-band correlation radiometer with two horn antennas and an antenna mounting structure enabling the horns to be mounted in relevant positions within a certain aperture. A total aperture synthesis is obtained by sequentially placing the two antenna elements in all required pairs of positions and measuring the corresponding samples of the visibility function. The system has been used to demonstrate 2D synthetic aperture imaging of complex targets in outdoor ground experiments, a special feature of the system is that it uses a focused antenna system, thus enabling a short distance to the target. Set still utilizing image reconstruction algorithms identical to those used in a normal far-field situation. The aperture synthesis theory is discussed, with special emphasis on focused systems; the radiometer system is described; and images suitable for demonstration of resolution and other imaging properties are presented and discussed     

一端固定的双站SAR体制下基于距离补偿的毫米波快速成像算法

本文提出了一种一端固定的双站SAR(OS-BiSAR)体制下基于距离补偿的毫米波快速成像算法.在图像重构过程中,该算法通过保留回波模型中的幅度衰减因子来补偿信号传播衰减,并根据目标回波方程特性对接收阵列维执行了卷积操作,最后通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)以及相干累加等步骤求解出最终目标图像.仿真分析和实验结果表明,与OS...     

综合孔径微波辐射计成像观测能力

对综合孔径微波辐射计成像观测原理进行了阐述,分析了综合孔径微波辐射计的灵敏度、积分时间、天线波束宽度、目标亮温、背景噪声温度、系统工作频率和目标等效截面等因素与系统作用距离的关系,对系统的目标观测能力进行仿真验证,探讨了阵列通道不一致等误差的补偿方法。研究成果将有助于综合孔径微波辐射计的实用化推进。     

基于微分进化算法的综合孔径辐射计圆阵优化

依据二维综合孔径微波辐射计的反演成像原理及天线阵列分布的基本思想,引入微分进化算法优化设计圆周天线阵列分布.以阵列最小冗余及空间频率采样点均匀分布距离最大化为目标函数,得到了16～40个天线单元二维圆周阵列的优化分布结果.与常用的模拟退火算法相比,该算法的优化结果更优,计算时间更短.     

Optical synthetic aperture circle-array optimization based on genetic algorithm

An optimization model of circle array was set up from the basic optical synthetic aperture imaging principle. The circle array was optimized by adopting a genetic algorithm with an improved real coding method coding the location of sub-apertures. The measure function was designed based on maximizing the distances between u-v coverage dots and minimizing the redundant array. The point spread function, optical transfer function and diffractive imaging were analyzed with the circle array synthetic aperture imaging system. The optimized result of 8 to 16 sub-apertures on a circle array was obtained, and they were compared to the results achieved through simulated annealing algorithm. Using the emulator program, the point spread function was analyzed and contrasted to that of a uniform circle array. Results show that the real coding genetic algorithm can resolve the array optimization well, cost less time and get a better optimization compared with the simulated annealing algorithm.     

综合孔径微波辐射计顺轨方向亮温反演算法的研究

本文利用卷积理论对综合孔径微波辐射计在顺轨方向的孔径综合进行了理论分析,给出了在一定条件下的基线设计,并且分别利用矩量法和基于Backus-Gilbert理论的线性算法两种数值方法进行了顺轨方向地物亮温的反演.数值模拟结果表明,在顺轨方向有效稀疏天线阵设计的基础上,亮温反演达到了很高的精度.     

Two-Step Sparse Representation Based 2D DOA Estimation with Single Moving Acoustic Vector Sensor

This paper investigates the two dimensional direction of arrival (2D DOA) estimation problem of multiple sources with one single moving acoustic vector sensor (AVS). We first use one single moving AVS to construct a synthetic nested AVS array, which is later shown that is equivalent to the physical nested AVS array. Then the vectorization and row extraction operations are performed to obtain the observation vector that behaves like signals received by a virtual uniform AVS array. Finally, the 2D DOA estimation is obtained via a two-step sparse representation (SR) method, which transforms the 2D grid search to a computationally efficient 1D grid search. The Cramer-Rao bound comparison between the synthetic and physical nested AVS arrays shows that these two arrays are equivalent for DOA estimation. Based on the property of the nested arrays and the full utilization of the array aperture via SR, the proposed method can achieve better estimation performance than spatial smoothing methods with nested AVS arrays and methods with uniform AVS arrays. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed synthetic array method.

     

Design of 8mm-band Aperture Synthetic Radiometer and Imaging Experiment

An aperture synthetic radiometer (ASR) based on interferometric technology is a new type of passive microwave imaging instrument, which has high spatial resolution. Restricted by devices performance and operating wavelength, however, the system design is difficult at MMW band. In this paper, an 8mm-band aperture synthetic radiometric imaging system based on minimum-redundancy linear array is described, the performance specification of the instrument is analyzed. The preliminary imaging experiment result shows that the system has good passive MMW imaging (PMMWI) performance, indicating a bright outlook for the development of this technique in the future.