一种考虑节点角色的P2P信任模型

在对等网络中,如何对节点行为进行准确的评估是信任模型研究的重点.经过学习和分析,发现现有的模型几乎都是基于节点作为被推荐者这一角色,而忽略了自身的推荐角色.对此本文提出两重推荐信任模型,从节点的两重角色考虑,为每个节点设计两重评估标准.若干次交易后,该模型能够使正常节点形成紧密的交易关系,有效地遏制了恶意节点的交易行为.实验表明该模型在面对夸大、合谋、伪装和单一行为威胁时较其他一些模型更具有效性.     

一种双重度量的分布式P2P信任模型

现有的P2P信任模型通常面向节点行为计算其信誉值,不能处理高信誉节点非法上传的特殊情况。提出一种双重度量信任模型,引入聚类方法分派节点的推荐权重,通过迭代得到节点的全局信誉值,然后结合资源自身的信誉信息,给出节点选择下载源的方法。仿真分析表明,相比类似模型,该模型可以进一步缓解节点恶意行为带来的负面影响。     

P2P网络中基于权重因素的信任模型

针对P2P网络内部的安全问题,提出了一种P2P网络基于直接交易信任和推荐信任的模型,运用了直接交易信息参数、推荐信息的评价可信度和动态平衡权值参数,较简单准确地描述了节点的综合信任值,在进行交易前与目标节点建立信任关系,能有效抑制恶意节点对网络中其他节点的恶意交易行为和评价欺骗,提高网络交易的安全性。     

Trustworthy-based efficient data broadcast model for P2P interaction in resource-constrained wireless environments

In a decentralised system like P2P where each individual peers are considerably autonomous, the notion of mutual trust between peers is critical. In addition, when the environment is subject to inherent resource constraints, any efficiency efforts are essentially needed. In light of these two issues, we propose a novel trustworthy-based efficient broadcast scheme in a resource-constrained P2P environment. The trustworthiness is associated with the peer?s reputation. A peer holds a personalised view of reputation towards other peers in four categories namely SpEed, Correctness, qUality, and Risk-freE (SeCuRE). The value of each category constitutes a fraction of the reliability of individual peer. Another factor that contributes to the reliability of a peer is the peer?s credibility concerning trustworthiness in providing recommendation about other peers. Our trust management scheme is applied in conjunction with our trust model in order to detect malicious and collaborative-based malicious peers. Knowledge of trustworthiness among peers is used in our proposed broadcast model named trustworthy-based estafet multi-point relays (TEMPR). This model is designed to minimise the communication overhead between peers while considering the trustworthiness of the peers such that only trustworthy peer may relay messages to other peers. With our approach, each peer is able to disseminate messages in the most efficient and reliable manner.     

基于信任和推荐的P2P信誉模型

分析现有信誉模型,提出一种使用信任机制和推荐机制的P2P信誉模型,利用决策树思想优化该模型。给出一种在分布式P2P系统中存取全局信任值的方法,解决了单点失效问题。实验结果表明,该模型对信任值的估算准确度以及判别虚假节点的能力高于现有模型。     

一种激励相容的P2P信誉模型

针对现有的信任模型不能很好地处理P2P网络环境中恶意节点提供虚假服务的欺作行为,及不积极提供诚实推荐的问题,提出了一种激励相容的P2P信誉模型(简称ICRM)。该模型使用时间区间的概念来标示经验和推荐的时间特性,利用直接信任度、推荐信任度及推荐可信度等机制来精确描述节点的实际信任等级,并引入参与层次来度量节点提供推荐的积极程度,从而有效地识别与抑制不同类型的恶意节点,激励节点积极提供诚实推荐。仿真实验表明,ICRM能够有效地抑制恶意节点的欺作行为及不诚实反馈行为,并能有效解决节点推荐积极性不高的问题。     

一种基于差评散布的P2P网络信任机制

面对各种网络攻击,P2P网络需要有效的信任机制隔离恶意节点,保证节点的成功交易。考虑节点行为特征和差评的重要性,提出基于差评散布的信任机制。服务节点一旦提供的服务被给出差评,对其近期交易的相关节点进行差评的散布,加大差评对服务节点声誉的影响力度。经过二次计算的节点声誉值能真实反映节点近期的声誉水平与交易趋势。实验结果表明,该信任机制能保证正常节点的交易成功率,有效对抗各种攻击行为。     

Cooperativeness prediction in P2P networks

Peer-to-peer systems are open communities, in which not only is there no overarching control, but neither is there any hierarchy of control among the system components. In such open communities where peers can join and leave freely and behave autonomously, selecting appropriate peers to cooperate with is a challenging problem, since the candidate peers may be unreliable or dishonest. Reputation systems have been proposed to boost trust and enhance collaboration among peers. However, conventional computational reputation systems tend to generate trust based on ad hoc aggregation techniques thus produce reputation values with ambiguous meanings. In this paper we propose a probabilistic computational approach to model and generate reputation. By explicitly separating the reputation between providing services and giving recommendations, our solution represents the estimate of service quality for a specific transaction as a probability conditioned upon each retrieved recommendation, thus taking the innate behaviours of reporters into account. A Kalman filter is applied to learn further the service reputation from the estimate. The proposed approach works well even when there is sparse feedback from the reporting peers giving output with well-defined semantics and useful meanings.     

一种基于概率统计方法的P2P系统信任评价模型

现有的P2P系统信任评价模型正面临着两种恶意节点的攻击行为--策略性欺骗和不诚实推荐,严重影响了模型计算节点信任评价的准确性和有效性.针对现有模型存在的不足,提出了一种基于概率统计方法的信任评价模型.该模型借鉴人类社会中主观信任关系的概念,依据直接经验和反馈信息,利用概率统计方法分别计算节点的直接信任和推荐信任,并通过区分直接经验的重要程度,区分反馈信息及其推荐者的可信度,提高信任评价模型的有效性.仿真实验分析说明,与已有的信任评价模型相比,该模型能够更有效地抑制策略性欺骗和不诚实推荐的威胁,特别是复杂的协同作弊方式对系统的攻击.     

P2P网络中考虑交易时间间隔的信任管理模型

针对P2P网络中交易的信任度量和推荐链问题,提出一个考虑交易时间间隔的信任管理模型。模型在基于声誉的信任管理模型的基础上对信任度的度量给出了一种以时间间隔为主要因子的计算方法,同时在推荐链的筛选方面采用变进制数作为权重值。理论分析表明,该模型能够对P2P网络中不良行为起到很好的遏制作用,也体现了交易的时效性,可以用来提高信任度量的准确性和动态适应能力。     

一种节点信誉相关的P2P网络信任管理模型

现有的P2P系统中存在大量的欺诈行为和不可靠的服务.本文通过模拟社会关系网络中信任的形成机制,提出P2P网络信任管理模型TMMRN,TMMRN通过考察节点的信誉值来进行安全交易,节点的信誉主要来自于其他节点对它的加权信任反馈,在信誉计算中增加了激励机制.TMMRN还可减少交易时的网络负担.实验表明TMMRN可提高信誉值的计算效率,能有效抵抗恶意节点的攻击,还可激励懒惰节点主动参与到系统中来.     

speedTrust: a super peer-guaranteed trust model in hybrid P2P networks

To curb malicious behavior, researchers have proposed a lot of trust models for P2P networks, most of which, however, suffer from the problems of high complexity, bad scalability and huge overhead due to the iterative trust calculations and the global search for feedbacks. In this paper, we propose a super peer-guaranteed trust model, speedTrust, for hybrid P2P networks. Considering the fact that the quality of services and feedbacks is the most important factor directly impacting on a trust model’s availability, we establish a feedback guarantee relationship between the service requester and its super peer, as well as a service guarantee relationship between the service provider and its super peer before a transaction begins. Moreover, a peer’s reputations are calculated using its pledged reputations for its involved transactions without any iterative operations. These features largely reduce the trust model’s complexity while discouraging peers from behaving maliciously for fear of being punished. The simulation results show that the speedTrust model is effective and efficient in terms of the successful transaction rate, the ability in curbing malicious behavior and the complexity.     

P2P网络环境下基于推荐的信任模型

基于网络中节点之间不仅仅局限于直接交易建立起来的信任关系,还包括了第三方推荐信任的事实,提出了在P2P网络环境下基于推荐的信任模型。该模型用成功次数与失败次数在总交易数目中的比例作为直接信任度,将交易信誉与推荐信誉明确区分出来,引入了偏移因子计算推荐节点的可信性,通过惩罚因子和风险因素动态平衡节点直接信任度和其他节点的推荐信任度,得到目标节点的综合信任值,并给出仿真实验验证。实验结果证明,模型计算的综合信任值更趋近其真实值,并且能抵抗恶意节点的诋毁、协同作弊等威胁。     

一种时域上的P2P信任模型

传统的P2P信任是根据节点间交易成功和失败的次数来合成的,该值是个累积量,而实际的信任值是时变量。提出了一种新的P2P时域信任模型,对于局部信任,通过对每个时间段合成一个信任,然后根据时间段的新近赋予不同的加权合成局部信任;对于全局信任来说,随着时间的推移,发起节点会越来越重视自身对目标节点的信任评价,而其它节点的推荐值会得以削弱。该模型刻画了信任的动态性,能够有效地防止不良节点的信任短期积聚以及依靠其它节点共谋等恶意行为。     

基于P2P匿名环境信誉度模型的探索与应用

针对P2P匿名网络存在的稳定性与安全性的问题,结合匿名通道建立时选择性能与表现良好的节点的需求,提出构建一种基于P2P匿名环境的信誉度模型.模型在信誉计算时引入通信持续时间作为参数,给出了动态调整节点信誉以及利用信任度计算推荐信誉度的数学方法.实验结果表明,该模型能有效地区分节点间的服务和评价行为,利用该信誉度模型选择节点构建匿名通道保证了P2P匿名通道的稳定性.     

一种基于反馈可信度的分布式P2P信任模型

开放、共享与匿名的Peer-to-Peer(简称P2P)网络已经取得了越来越多的应用,无中心对等的特性也吸引了越来越多的用户.但由于其网络中的节点不受约束,资源的共享是用户自愿的行为,因此节点间的信任很难通过传统的信任机制建立.一种可行的解决方案是借鉴人际网络中的信任关系,建立一种基于信誉的全局信任模型.已有的工作基本建立在信任度高的节点其反馈也更可信这个假设的基础上,将节点的反馈质量简单地等同于服务质量.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于节点反馈可信度的分布式P2P全局信任模型(简称FCTrust),用于量化和评估节点的可信程度,并给出了模型的数学表述和分布式实现方法.分析及仿真实验结果表明,FCTrust较已有的全局信任模型在遏制更广泛类型的恶意节点攻击的有效性、迭代计算的收敛性及消息成本上有较大提高.     

METrust: A mutual evaluation-based trust model for P2P networks

It is necessary to construct an effective trust model to build trust relationship between peers in peer-to-peer (P2P) network and enhance the security and reliability of P2P systems. The current trust models only focus on the consumers evaluation to a transaction, which may be abused by malicious peers to exaggerate or slander the provider deliberately. In this paper, we propose a novel trust model based on mutual evaluation, called METrust, to suppress the peers malicious behavior, such as dishonest evaluation and strategic attack. METrust considers the factors including mutual evaluation, similarity risk, time window, incentive, and punishment mechanism. The trust value is composed of the direct trust value and the recommendation trust value. In order to inhibit dishonest evaluation, both participants should give evaluation information based on peers own experiences about the transaction while computing the direct trust value. In view of this, the mutual evaluation consistency factor and its time decay function are proposed. Besides, to reduce the risk of computing the recommendation trust based on the recommendations of friend peers, the similarity risk is introduced to measure the uncertainty of the similarity computing, while similarity is used to measure credibility. The experimental results show that METrust is effective, and it has advantages in the inhibition of the various malicious behaviors.     

An incentive compatible reputation mechanism for P2P systems

In peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, peers often must interact with unknown or unfamiliar peers without the benefit of trusted third parties or authorities to mediate the interactions. Trust management through reputation mechanism to facilitate such interactions is recognized as an important element of P2P systems. It is, however, faced by the problems of how to stimulate reputation information sharing and honest recommendation elicitation. This paper presents an incentive compatible reputation mechanism for P2P systems. It has two unique features: (1) a recommender’s trustworthiness and level of confidence about the recommendation is considered for a more accurate calculation of reputations and fair evaluation of recommendations. (2) Incentive for participation and honest recommendation is implemented through a fair differential service mechanism. It relies on peer’s level of participation and on the recommendation credibility. Theoretic analysis and simulation show that the reputation mechanism we propose can help peers effectively detect dishonest recommendations in a variety of scenarios where more complex malicious strategies are introduced. Moreover, it can also stimulate peers to send sufficiently honest recommendations. The latter is realized by ensuring that active and honest recommenders, compared to inactive or dishonest ones, can elicit the most honest (helpful) recommendations and thus suffer the least number of wrong trust decisions.     

一个非结构化P2P网络中基于信誉的激励机制

在P2P网络中,freerider节点和恶意节点的不合作行为严重影响了P2P服务的可用性。为此,本文提出了一个应用于非结构化P2P环境下基于信誉的激励机制。该机制通过有限的信任信息的共享,实现信任评估和推荐信任度评估;并以此为基础,通过有效的拓扑构造和服务选择策略及服务请求冲突解析策略的选择,实现对合作节点的激励和对freerider和恶意节点的遏制及惩罚。分析及仿真实验表明,本文提出的基于信誉的激励机制是简单有效的。     

一种新的P2P安全信任管理模型

由于P2P网络的特性,传统的信任机制难以对其应用中存在的冒名,诋毁等安全问题,进行合理的解决。在现有信任模型的基础上提出了一个新的P2P安全信任管理模型,该模型负责节点信任度的评估、更新,信任度的评估方法不仅考虑了节点自身的交易历史,同时也考虑了其他节点的推荐,并且每次交易后,都要根据本次交易的情况,及时修改节点之间的个人交互度和推荐节点的推荐可信度,使信任度能正确地反映节点的信誉,能够有效地预防冒名、诋毁等现象。