重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化合成L-苯乳酸

L-苯乳酸是一种天然抑菌物质,对多种病原微生物有光谱抑制作用,有望成为一种新型生物防腐剂.通过构建多酶级联催化反应体系,提高大肠杆菌合成L-苯乳酸的能力.利用共表达L-氨基酸脱氨酶和苯丙酮酸还原酶并偶联葡萄糖脱氢酶进行辅酶再生,建立一种新型L-苯乳酸生物合成方法.各基因成功在大肠杆菌中表达,并对全细胞转化条件进行优化,...     

全细胞催化合成L-苯基乳酸重组大肠杆菌的构建

苯基乳酸是一种新型天然广谱抑菌物质,L-乳酸脱氢酶是微生物转化苯丙酮酸合成L-苯基乳酸的关键酶,通过构建过量表达L-乳酸脱氢酶的重组大肠杆菌,提高大肠杆菌合成L-苯基乳酸(苯基乳酸,phenyllactic acid,PLA)的能力。以Bacillus megaterium Z2013513基因组为模板,经PCR扩增得到L-乳酸脱氢酶基因,连接表达载体p ET-28a(+)并导入到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),获得重组大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/p ET-28a-ldh L。SDS-PAGE电泳和酶活分析表明,约在40 ku处出现显著特异性条带,粗酶液酶活力达3.4 U/mg。在37℃、200 r/min条件下,25 g/L(干重)重组大肠杆菌经60 min将70.32 mmol/L苯丙酮酸全细胞转化合成50.59 mmol/L L-苯基乳酸。由于具有较高的产物光学纯度(96.98%e.e.)和底物摩尔转化率(71.94%),表明一步生物转化法能高效地合成L-苯基乳酸。     

重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化合成NMN

基于前期研究构建的一株能以烟酰胺(nicotinamide,NAM)和葡萄糖为底物高产β-烟酰胺单核苷酸(β-nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN)的大肠杆菌工程菌株Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-NF017,采用全细胞催化方式进行NMN合成。首先,在摇瓶水平上对菌株培养过程的发酵培养基类型、诱导温度和诱导剂异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)浓度,以及全细胞催化过程的反应体系初始pH、反应温度和底物NAM与葡萄糖的添加比例（质量浓度比）进行了优化,在最优条件下,NMN的生成量（质量浓度）达1.84 g/L。为了进一步提高NMN的生成量,在5 L发酵罐上对全细胞催化过程中溶氧水平和底物NAM的流加方式进行控制和优化。最终,应用恒定速度流加NAM的补料模式,NMN的生成量提高至12.24 g/L,底物NAM的摩尔转化率达85.65%。该研究结果为应用全细胞催化法生产NMN提供了一定参考。     

重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化法生产N-乙酰神经氨酸

N-乙酰神经氨酸具有多种生物学功能,在食品添加剂和药物合成等方面有着重要的应用。为了降低成本,作者利用重组大肠杆菌,并以含有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺的发酵液为底物进行全细胞催化生产N-乙酰神经氨酸。结果表明,在温度为30℃、转化液初始pH为6.5、底物丙酮酸浓度为1.38 mol/L、Triton X-100添加质量分数为0.4%、菌体OD₆₀₀为30的条件下在5 L发酵罐等条件下进行全细胞转化,可以得到N-乙酰神经氨酸180 mmol/L,摩尔转化率为65.45%。用阴离子树脂对产物进行初步分离纯化,经高效液相色谱分析证实纯化后产品为高纯度N-乙酰神经氨酸,其纯度为98.3%,结晶回收率为42.5%。作者建立并优化了一种以含有N-乙酰葡萄糖胺的发酵液为底物直接进行全细胞催化生产N-乙酰神经氨酸的工艺流程,既节约了成本,又具有可持续发展的优势。     

响应面法优化重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化合成丙谷二肽

L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺(L-alanyl-L-glutamine,丙谷二肽)是重要的肠外营养补充剂,有着广泛的应用.本文利用表达α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶的重组大肠杆菌QC01,进行全细胞催化法合成丙谷二肽.通过最陡爬坡实验筛选出对全细胞催化影响最显著的三个因素:QC01细胞浓度、底物比例和反应温度,再利用响应面实验,研...     

重组大肠杆菌全细胞催化合成4-羟基异亮氨酸

4-羟基异亮氨酸(4-HIL)是一种很有前景的药物,它具有促进胰岛素分泌、改善外周组织对胰岛素的抵抗性和调节血脂异常等作用,而L-异亮氨酸羟化酶(IDO)常用于4-HIL的生产。首先,克隆了苏云金芽孢杆菌来源的L-异亮氨酸羟化酶,实现了其在E. coli BL21(DE3)中的异源表达。其次,通过同源建模和蛋白质结构分析,本着将与底物氨基酸侧链结合的氨基酸残基从亲水性或长链疏水性结构突变成丙氨酸Ala的原则,对I156位点进行了定点突变,以增大底物结合口袋,扩宽底物通道进而提高4-HIL的产量。最后,对野生酶及突变酶的酶学性质、突变酶的羟基化反应体系进行研究,在最优催化条件下,分批补料转化底物进行4-HIL的生产。酶学性质结果显示,野生酶及突变酶I156A的最适温度均为25℃,最适pH均为7.0;突变酶I156A比酶活比野生酶提高了1.9倍,L-ILe转化率提高了28%。羟基化反应体系的最优转化条件为:20 mmol/L L-ILe,20 mmol/L α-酮戊二酸,8 mmol/L Fe~(2+),30 mmol/L抗坏血酸和HEPES(50 mmol/L,pH 7.0)缓冲液。在最优转化条件下,重组菌E. coli BL21/pET28a-ido~(I156A)进行分批补料转化底物,时间间隔为4 h,32 h后得到77.3 mmol/L 4-HIL,底物最高转化率98.35%。     

重组大肠杆菌全细胞转化马来酸高效合成富马酸

重组Escherichia coli细胞催化马来酸合成富马酸时,细胞中富马酸酶将产物富马酸转化成苹果酸,转化率达15.5%,降低了富马酸的转化率和纯度。将E.coli BL21(DE3)基因组中fum A-fum C基因敲除,并高效表达马来酸顺反异构酶,重组菌BL21(DE3)△fum A-fum C/p ET24a-mai A经发酵罐培养,可产生64 g/L菌体,马来酸顺反异构酶表达量达306 U/m L。按照60 g/L的发酵液:2 mol/L富马酸为1∶4的体积比配置反应液,37℃反应1 h,富马酸转化率高达98.4%,仅产生0.7%的苹果酸副产物。该结果为全细胞催化法合成富马酸的工业化奠定了基础。     

重组大肠杆菌合成光学纯L-苯基乳酸

以巨大芽孢杆菌Z2013513基因组DNA为模板,分别PCR扩增得到L-乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh L)和葡萄糖脱氢酶基因(gdh),将gdh与ldh L分别连接至表达载体p ETDuet,获得共表达质粒p ETDuet-ldh L-gdh。经转化和验证获得重组菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/p ETDuet-ldh L-gdh。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和比酶活力分析表明重组蛋白L-乳酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶均成功表达且具有酶活力。在37℃、200 r/min条件下,经60 min反应,催化底物苯丙酮酸合成24.26 mmol/L L-苯基乳酸。产物L-苯基乳酸光学纯度(99%),底物摩尔转化率(59.55%),结果表明此重组体系可用于高效合成高光学纯L-苯基乳酸。     

通过提高胞内辅酶水平促进L-苯甘氨酸的合成

NAD(H)是全细胞转化合成L-苯甘氨酸中必需的辅酶,其在胞内的质量摩尔浓度对L-苯甘氨酸的合成至关重要。作者通过共表达烟酸转磷酸核糖激酶和NAD+合酶的编码基因pnc B和nad E,以期提高胞内辅酶水平,从而提高全细胞转化效率。结果表明,pnc B和nad E的共表达使胞内NAD(H)含量提高了2.35倍,同时添加20 mg/L的烟酸使胞内NAD+含量进一步提高了2.42倍,最终,全细胞催化活性和转化产量分别提高了94%和36.6%,说明在辅酶依赖型全细胞转化中,胞内辅酶水平的提高可以有效提高转化效率。     

全细胞催化甘油生物合成L-果糖体系的构建

L-果糖是一种重要的稀少糖,广泛应用于食品、医药和化学合成等领域。通过构建E型马肝乙醇脱氢酶和NADH氧化酶重组大肠杆菌,再偶联醛缩酶重组大肠杆菌催化甘油合成L-果糖。对表达E型马肝乙醇脱氢酶和NADH氧化酶的菌株进行诱导条件的优化,诱导温度20℃,诱导时间16 h,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷添加浓度0.05 mmol/L。通过单因素实验研究温度、pH值、湿细胞量、甘油浓度对合成L-果糖的影响,利用正交试验进行优化,优化条件为:温度40℃,pH值为9.0,湿细胞质量浓度为25g/L,甘油浓度为500 mmol/L。在优化条件下得到L-果糖2.67g/L。采用全细胞转化方法以廉价的甘油为原料生产L-果糖,不仅省去了繁琐的酶纯化步骤,无须添加辅因子,而且生产成本低廉,期望为L-果糖产品绿色生产及现有技术改造提供理论参考。     

响应面法优化重组大肠杆菌全细胞合成D-苯基乳酸

研究利用重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）/pET-28a-ldhD全细胞生物转化苯丙酮酸（phenylpyruvic acid,PPA）合成D-苯基乳酸（D-phenyllactic acid,D-PLA）的条件。通过Plackett-Burman试验设计,从影响细胞转化的6 种因素中筛选得出转化温度、底物浓度和磷酸钠缓冲液pH值对底物PPA摩尔转化率有显著影响;采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面优化,对该重组菌全细胞转化合成D-PLA的条件进行了优化。最佳分批转化条件：转化温度为38 ℃、底物浓度为42 mmol/L、磷酸钠缓冲液pH 7.0、菌体质量浓度20 g/L、葡萄糖质量浓度20 g/L。在该条件下反应0.5 h,底物摩尔转化率为65.32%。根据此最佳转化条件,经4 h的间歇补加底物转化获得D-PLA最终浓度为119 mmol/L（19.75 g/L）,生产率为4.94 g/（L·h）。     

响应面法优化大肠杆菌生产顺,顺-粘康酸

运用响应面法对大肠杆菌ATCC69875生产顺,顺-粘康酸(CCMA)的发酵条件进行了优化研究。首先利用单因素实验,研究大肠杆菌在不同起始菌体浓度、底物葡萄糖浓度以及诱导剂IPTG(Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside)浓度下对CCMA生产的影响。在此基础上,综合考虑3个因素对大肠杆菌ATCC69875产CCMA的影响,采用Box-Behnken设计以及响应面分析法,确定其优化后发酵条件为:菌体浓度为17.85 OD,葡萄糖为15.93 g/L,IPTG为0.15 mmol。优化后CCMA产量为3.94 g/L,比优化前产量提高了3倍。     

Decontamination of Salmonella,Shigella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Leafy Green Vegetables Using Edible Plant Extracts

Fresh cilantro, parsley, and spinach are products that are regularly consumed fresh, but are difficult to decontaminate, as a result, they are common vehicles of transmission of enteropathogenic bacteria. In this study, the efficacy of plant extracts as alternatives for disinfection of cilantro, parsley, and spinach that were artificially contaminated with Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella sonnei was determined. Edible plant extracts obtained using ethanol as the extraction solvent were tested to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and those that exhibited the lowest MBC were selected for further studies. Leaves of fresh greens were washed with sterile water and dried. For seeding, leaves were submerged in suspensions of 2 different concentrations of bacteria (1.5 × 10⁸ and 1 × 10⁵), dried, and then stored at 4 °C until use. To determine the effects of the extracts, inoculated leafy greens were submerged in a container and subjected to treatments with chlorine, Citrol®, or selected plant extracts. Each treatment type was stored at 4 °C for 0, 1, 5, and 7 d, and the bacterial counts were determined. From the 41 plant extracts tested, the extracts from oregano leaves and from the peel and pulp of limes were found to be as effective as chlorine or Citrol® in reducing by > 2 logs, the population of pathogenic bacteria on leafy greens and therefore, may be a natural and edible alternative to chemicals to reduce the risk of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7 and S. sonnei contamination on leafy vegetables. Practical Application: The antimicrobial efficacy of the extracts of Mexican lime and oregano was clearly demonstrated on cilantro, parsley, and spinach. The extracts of Mexican lime and oregano provide alternatives to chlorine to significantly reduce bacterial pathogens that have been associated with outbreaks from contaminated leafy green vegetables. A simple, low cost, and labor‐saving extraction system for production of the extracts was used.     

Isolation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 from Ground Beef Using Modified Rainbow Agar and Post-Immunomagnetic Separation Acid Treatment

It is estimated that at least 70% of human illnesses due to non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the United States are caused by strains from the top six serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145). Procedures for isolating STEC from food products often use plating media that include antimicrobial supplements at concentrations that inhibit background microflora growth but can also inhibit target STEC growth. In this study, an agar medium with lower supplement concentrations, modified Rainbow agar (mRBA), was evaluated for recovery of STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 from ground beef enrichments. A post-immunomagnetic separation (IMS) acid treatment step was additionally used to reduce background microflora and increase recovery of target STEC strains. Ground beef samples (325 g) were artificially contaminated with STEC and confounding organisms and enriched for 15 h. Recovery of the target STEC was attempted on the enrichments using IMS and plating onto mRBA and Rainbow agar (RBA). Additionally, acid treatment was performed on the post-IMS eluate followed by plating onto mRBA. Using the combination of mRBA and acid treatment, target STEC were isolated from 103 (85.8%) of 120 of the low-inoculated samples (1 to 5 CFU/325-g sample) compared with 68 (56.7%) of 120 using no acid treatment and plating onto RBA with higher levels of novobiocin and potassium tellurite. The combination of acid treatment and mRBA provides a significant improvement over the use of RBA for isolation of STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 from raw ground beef.     

Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 During Production of Snack Sticks Made from Beef or a Venison/Beef Fat Blend and Directly Acidified with Citric or Lactic Acid

ABSTRACT:  The effectiveness of a typical production process for eliminating Escherichia coli O157:H7 in directly acidified snack sticks made with beef or a venison/beef fat blend was evaluated for formulations of different fat content (10% and 25%) and type of direct acidulant (encapsulated citric or lactic acid). Raw batter inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to an initial level of approximately 7.1 log CFU/g was stuffed into 21-mm casings and processed according to a thermal-processing schedule typical of those used commercially for directly acidified sausage products (maximum internal product temperature of 68.3 °C, followed by drying and cooling). For both beef and venison/beef fat blend snack sticks, log reductions ranged from 6.2 to > 6.6 CFU/g at the end of processing. Although moderate reductions (1.5 to 2.0 log CFU/g) were achieved as a result of processing to internal product temperatures of 68.3 °C, latter stages of the process (during which products were dried and cooled) factored prominently in the overall lethality of the process, and were essential in achieving the 5-log reduction required by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. The efficacy of the process was not affected ( P ≤ 0.05) by fat content (10% or 25%) or by the type of direct acidulant used (encapsulated citric or lactic acid). Phenol red sorbitol agar was more effective for recovering heat- and acid-injured E. coli O157 than MacConkey sorbitol agar was and, therefore, provided a more conservative estimate of process lethality.