固井用遇油自修复材料的研制与性能评价

采用悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸十二酯(LMA)、苯乙烯（St）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）为聚合单体,过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂,合成了一种树脂并应用到固井水泥石中。通过正交实验考察了单体、分散剂、引发剂、交联剂、温度对三元共聚树脂吸油性能的影响。结果发现,当m(LMA):m(St):m(HEMA)=6:3:1、w(PVA)=2.5%、w(BPO)=1.0%、w(DVB)=0.5%、T=85℃时吸油性能最佳,二甲苯的吸油率达12.78 g/g。通过人工造缝,讨论了加入树脂的水泥石渗透率和抗压强度的变化规律,结果表明：养护30 d后,渗透率随树脂的增加而降低,在加量8.0%时低至0.25×10-3 μm2,而抗压强度随树脂的增加先增加后减小,在加量2.0%时达到最大值20.8 MPa,抗压强度恢复率达70.5%。     

P(BMA/2-EHM/St)高吸油树脂的制备

以BMA、2-EHM和St为合成原料,BPO为引发剂,DVB为交联剂,PVA为分散剂,应用悬浮聚合法合成了P(BMA/2-EHM/St)高吸油树脂。主要探讨了聚合温度、聚合单体配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量和分散剂用量对高吸油树脂吸油倍率的影响。结果表明:当w(St)=60%、m(2-EHM):m(BMA)=1:1、w(BPO)=1.7%、w(DVB)=0.5%、w(PVA)=3%,聚合温度86℃,反应时间为6h时,所制得的高吸油树脂吸油倍率最大,对甲苯的吸油倍率分别达到14.24g/g。     

多元共聚高吸油树脂的合成研究

以甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,二乙烯苯(DVB)为交联剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂,采用悬浮聚合法合成了高吸油性树脂,研究了体系中单体组成及配比、交联剂、分散剂及致孔剂用量等因素对吸油树脂性能的影响。结果表明:m(SMA):m(BA):m(St)=33:67:12,w(DVB)=1%,w(PVA)=1.2%,w(CHCl3)=35%时,所合成的树脂吸油性能最佳,其对柴油、甲苯、四氯化碳的饱和吸油倍率分别可达11.2g/g、18.9g/g、27.4g/g。     

丙烯酸酯二元高吸油树脂的合成及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂、二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂、乙酸乙酯(EA)为致孔剂,选用长链单体甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(SMA)和短链单体甲基丙烯酸异丁酯为原料以悬浮聚合法成功合成了一种丙烯酸酯二元共聚高吸油树脂。通过红外(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重(TG)分析法对树脂进行表征,并考察了各因素对4种待测油品吸油性能的影响。结果表明,该树脂对三氯甲烷、甲苯、环己烷、柴油的饱和吸油率分别为20.69、13.87、12.05、10.93 g/g。树脂的最佳合成条件为：w(SMA) 80%、w(BPO) 1%、w(DVB) 0.5%、w(PVA) 1%、w(EA) 50%、W/O为5∶1。     

微波辐射下P(BMA/2-EHM/St)复合凹凸棒高吸油树脂的制备

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯(2-EHM)和苯乙烯(St)为原料,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂,改性凹凸棒(OATP)为无机添加物,在微波辐射下合成了高吸油树脂。探讨了St、BPO和OATP质量分数以及微波功率、反应温度和反应时间等对树脂吸油倍率的影响,用响应面法对合成工艺进行了优化,采用FTIR、TGA、SEM等对产物进行了结构表征与性能测试。结果表明:当St用量为52.54%(以单体的总质量为基准,下同)、m(2-EHM)∶m(BMA)=1.0∶1.5、BPO用量为1.95%(以单体的总质量为基准,下同)、DVB加入量为0.60%(以单体的总质量为基准,下同)、PVA加入量为3.00%(以单体的总质量为基准,下同)、OATP用量为2.00%(以单体的总质量为基准,下同),聚合温度82℃、反应时间70 min、微波功率为700 W时,所制得的高吸油树脂吸油倍率最大,对四氯化碳、二氯甲烷、甲苯和二甲苯的吸油倍率分别达到37.24、30.50、19.64、16.81 g/g;添加OATP后树脂的热分解温度提高了32℃。     

丙烯酸酯类高吸油树脂的合成

采用悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸十六酯为单体,合成了丙烯酸酯类高吸油树脂。研究了不同的交联剂、引发剂、分散剂以及反应温度和时间对高吸油性树脂吸油率的影响,并且考察了高吸油树脂对不同油品的吸油性能。结果表明,在反应温度为70℃,反应时间为6h,二乙烯苯(DVB)为交联剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,且当DVB、BPO、PVA占单体混合物质量分数分别为1.0%、1.2%、0.8%时,所合成的树脂的吸油性能较好,树脂对四氯化碳(CC14)的吸收性能最好,其饱和吸油率达到36.6g/g。     

丙烯酸酯类接枝型高吸油树脂的性能研究

以聚丁二烯(PB)为改性剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、丙二醇二丙烯酸酯为交联剂、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(MBA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,采用悬浮聚合法制备出一种高吸油树脂。分析了改性剂的用量对树脂吸油速率和吸油倍率的影响,研究了交联剂、分散剂、引发剂以及聚合温度等对树脂吸油倍率的影响。结果表明:加入PB后,可以显著提高树脂的吸油速率,其饱和吸油时间为2～3h;高吸油树脂的最佳配方为m(St)∶m(MBA)=1∶1,油水比1∶3,w(AIBN)=1.0%、w(交联剂)=1.0%和w(PVA)=0.3%(相对于单体质量而言),聚合温度为78℃;由最佳配方合成出的高吸油树脂,其对甲苯的最大吸油倍率为17g/g。     

悬浮聚合法制备丙烯酸酯类高吸油树脂

以甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)和乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)为聚合单体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂,通过悬浮聚合制备了高吸油树脂(SOAR)。考察了单体配比、PVA、BPO和DVB用量对不同油品吸油性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)对其进行了表征。结果表明:当SMA与VAc质量比为3.5:1,PVA、BPO和DVB为1.6 Wt%、0.8 Wt%和1.2 Wt%时,树脂的吸油倍率达到最高。SEM表明树脂具有尺寸大小不一的微孔结构;TGA结果表明树脂的分解温度约为300℃。     

聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,二乙烯苯(DVB)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,水为分散介质,运用悬浮聚合法制备了自溶胀型高吸油树脂。通过正交试验考察了单体配比、交联剂用量、引发剂用量和分散剂用量对树脂吸油性能的影响。结果表明:当m(BMA):m(St)=5:5、交联剂用量、引发剂用量和分散剂用量分别为单体总质量0.5%、2%和2%时,吸油树脂吸油倍率达到14.12 g g 1,吸附动力学研究发现此时吸油速率最大;通过热重表征和重复吸油试验,合成的高吸油树脂能够重复吸油多次,第五次的吸油倍率能够达到第一次的93%。     

聚丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯吸油树脂的性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)为交联剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,乙酸乙酯(EAC)为致孔剂,采用悬浮聚合的方法合成了丙烯酸酯类高吸油性树脂(POA树脂)。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对树脂进行了表征,并通过正交试验系统性地考察了各反应因素对其吸油性能的影响。结果表明,在POA树脂的合成过程中加入乙酸乙酯能够在树脂的表面和内部形成微孔,进一步提高其饱和吸油率。各反应因素影响程度分别为:交联剂质量分数单体质量比致孔剂质量分数分散剂质量分数引发剂质量分数,合成树脂的最佳反应条件是:m(BA)∶m(MMA)=6∶4、w(BPO)=0. 4%、w(DAP)=4%,w(PVP)=3%、w(EAC)=50%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。