高分辨率光电尺寸检测系统研究

论述了高分辨率光电尺寸检测系统的工作原理和系统总体结构，并给出了设计要点和提高系统分辨率的途径，本系统具有高速，高精度，非接触在线检测，测量结果直接数字显示和打印等特点。     

曲轴类零件轴向尺寸检测的新方法

本文介绍了一种利用微处理器的单测头、数字化的曲轴类复杂零件轴向尺寸的检测装置，分析了单测头测量时测头直径的影响与补偿方法，介绍了装置的机械结构，微处理器检测的硬、软件系统。该装置测量不确定度和重复性都在0.01mm以内。     

曲轴类零件轴向尺寸检测的新方法

本文介绍了一种利用微处理器的单测头，数字化的曲轴类复杂零件轴向尺寸的检测装置，分析了单测头测量时测头直径的影响与补偿方法。     

二维投影式光学传感器轴类零件测量研究

针对各种轴类零件的测量问题,提出一种二维投影式光学测量方案。利用二维投影式光学传感器发射的平行LED光照射到物体表面,在物体后方形成与待测物体等大小的阴影。传感器使用二维CMOS对阴影进行捕捉后对其进行图像处理,得到测量数据,并对测量数据进行分析,得出测量结论。对试验的待测件进行测量后与其标准值进行对比,最大误差在0.01 mm以内,最大重复性在0.02 mm以内,判断准确率达99.8%,同时检测单个待测件用时少于10 s。该方法能够实现多尺寸同时测量,有效提高轴类零件测量速度,再配合机械手与传动机构,实现生产现场非接触在线测量,同时有效防止测量过程损伤零件。     

CAD与CAPP集成中轴类零件轴向尺寸的获取方法

对于回转体零件，在ＣＡＤ设计过程中考虑到尺寸链的关系及零件的实际加工精度的需要，其尺寸一般是按照零件的设计基准来标注的。而在采用型面法来描述零件的ＣＡＰＰ中，我们必须要获得各型面的轴向尺寸。本文提出了用尺寸联系图矩阵求解方法把ＣＡＤ的标注信息转换为ＣＡＰＰ零件各元素的实际尺寸。     

轴类齿轮的加工

本文根据齿轮零件加工工艺自身的特点,结合在实际工艺规程编制过程中总结出的经验,较为系统地介绍了轴类齿轮零件工艺规程编制中主要工序应注意的问题,以及编制齿轮工艺时毛料尺寸的确定、轮齿的粗精加工。全文对轴类齿轮工艺规程的编制过程进行了介绍,并针对编制过程中应注意的问题进行了较为详细的描述。     

汽车轴类零件加工质量的提高

汽车由成千上万个零件组成,零件的质量决定着汽车的质量,汽车零件的机械加工质量影响着汽车零件的使用寿命、工作性能和可靠性,保证汽车轴类零件的机械加工质量是保证汽车整车质量极其重要的环节。为确保车辆的质量及安全运行,制造加工企业应不断地提高汽车轴类零件的加工质量。本文就如何提高汽车轴类零件的加工质量进行分析探讨。     

轴类零件的夹具设计分析

在机床中,夹其作用巨大,设计要求较为严格,其精度也高,本文介绍了轴类零件夹具的构成与类型,并从定位方案、误差、夹紧装置与定位元件等方面,对夹具设计进行了分析论述。     

轴类零件静平衡测试的新方法

1原理当用支点把物体支承起来以后，如果支点在物体重心的正下方，物体就会处在不稳定平衡的平衡状态，用外力即可打破它的平衡。当外力撤去以后，它不会自动恢复到初始的平衡状态，而继续朝外力的方向倾斜。2测试方法如图1，将零件C水平放置在两个支点A；及B；上，轴的旋转中心线O；O。与支点A、B在一个铅垂面内。如果轴存在静不平衡，重心G点偏离轴线OIOZ。测试时，在轴C两侧各设置一个可以调整轴线OIO。位置的挡块E、F，假设轴C的重心G点在轴心左边（见图2），则轴C总是靠在左边档块E上。把轴C向右边平移，当G点位置路过支点连…     

基于嵌入式技术的零件尺寸检测系统研究

针对目前尺寸检测技术的不足,在嵌入式技术的基础上,设计出了一种可视化、便携、人机交互性良好的零件尺寸检测系统。重点阐述了系统的总体结构和软硬件的实现方法,最后通过实验对系统的可靠性进行验证。采用ARM9处理器、嵌入式WinCE操作系统、通用的串口通信作为数据传输接口,在尺寸检测技术和质量控制理论的基础上实现数据的采集、存储、分析、处理。实验表明,该系统能够提高检测的精度和工作效率,可靠性高且操作便捷。     

双路激光-CCD零件尺寸动态检测中的关键技术

采用两路激光-CCD同时对零件尺寸进行在线动态检测,补偿或消除由于零件振动、跳动等因素带来的测量误差。在所研制系统中采用双路-CCD同步驱动、CCD输出信号视频处理、高频脉冲计数等相关关键技术,提高了该系统的性能。实验表明,该系统的动态检测精度达到0.3mm。     

A simplified fretting test methodology for complex shaft couplings

A methodology is offered for the experimental simulation of fretting conditions in complex shaft couplings, using a simple representative specimen/test rig. The geometry and loading conditions of the representative specimen are designed to simulate the contact traction and slip at arbitrary positions along the length of engagement of the spline coupling, as predicted by detailed finite element modelling of the coupling. The representative specimen/test rig design is achieved via an iterative finite element process with feedback from preliminary measurements. The cyclic behaviour of the representative specimen correlates well with the results from a reduced scale aeroengine‐type spline coupling. The representative specimen approach can facilitate investigation of damage mechanisms in spline, and other, couplings, particularly fretting fatigue and wear within the contact regions, as well as plain fatigue due to tooth bending along the tooth fillet, thus offering an economical approach to the development and testing of spline couplings.     

误差综合测量的数字化码检仪

介绍了码检仪采用模拟量测量方式的原理、组成及存在的问题；提出了码检仪的数字化途径，原理和所有光栅检测参数的数字化测量，并对数字化测量进行了误差分析。通过对两种测量方式的比较，对数字化测量存在的问题提出了解决办法。     

Effects of bottom base shapes on burden profiles and burden size distributions in the upper part of a COREX shaft furnace based on DEM

The shaft furnace plays a very important role in the quantity and quality indexes of the COREX process. However, research on burden distribution in the COREX shaft furnace is still immature and in need of further development and improvement. For instance, only a single ring charging process rather than multiple rings or a burden matrix process has been simulated for the shaft furnace in practical operation. Therefore, a three dimensional model of the upper part of COREX shaft furnace is developed in the present study. The model simulates the charging process with multiple rings and is then used to investigate the effects of different bottom base shapes on the burden profiles and radial size distributions. Results show that the last rings (the inner rings) in the burden matrix needs be carefully chosen, especially for the middle mode. The bottom base shape affects the burden size distribution a great deal but the surface burden profile very little at a fixed burden matrix. A bottom base of M shape is strongly recommended to obtain a uniform burden size distribution. The burden matrix and bottom base shape need to be well matched in order to obtain desired gas distributions.     

Metallographic techniques for the determination of the austenite grain size in medium-carbon microalloyed steels

Different techniques have been investigated to seek the best procedure to reveal the prior-austenite grain boundaries in three medium-carbon microalloyed steels. This study has been carried out over a wide range of temperatures (950–1250°C) and it has been found that thermal etching (TE) is the best technique to reveal the prior-austenite grain boundaries in these steels.     

数字式电动振动试验系统检定中相关计算公式的运用

针对电动振动台和数字式电动振动试验系统使用中的交越频率的定义及其推理过程加以阐述,探讨了影响电动振动台和数字式振动试验系统正确使用的因素及相关技术问题,同时针对检定规程中所规定的一些检定方法提出了值得商榷的看法,并给出相应的计算公式,供参考使用。     

An alternative approach to test process capability for unilateral specification with subsamples

Process capability indices are useful management tools, which provide common quantitative measures on manufacturing capability and production quality. The indices C_PU and C_PL are designed specifically for processes with one-sided manufacturing specifications. The majority of the results obtained so far related to the distributional properties of the estimated capability indices were derived based on the assumption of possessing a single sample. However, a common practice in process control is to estimate the process capability indices by using the past ‘in control’ data from several subsamples. In order to use previous in-control data from multiple subsamples to make correct decisions regarding process capability, the distribution of the estimated capability index based on multiple subsamples should be available. In this paper, we develop a capability testing procedure with one-sided specifications using a Bayesian approach based on subsamples collected over time from an in-control process. By applying the proposed testing procedure, the practitioners can make reliable decisions to determine whether their processes meet the pre-set capability requirement when a daily based or weekly based production control plan is implemented for monitoring process stability.     

SOL-X: An on-line nondestructive method for measuring grain size with x-rays

It is shown that the grain size of commercial materials can be estimated by x-rays with little or no sample preparation. The method is readily automated and can be employed on-line, for example, in a rolling mill.     

Damage monitoring and analysis of composite laminates with an open hole and adhesively bonded repairs using digital image correlation

High performance composite materials, such as Carbon–Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites, are being increasingly used in aerospace industry, such as fuselage primary structures in Boeing 787 or Airbus 350, where high strength and stiffness are required at minimum weight [1]. The design of composite structures frequently includes discontinuities such as cut-outs for access and fastener holes for joining and they become critical regions under thermo-mechanical loading. Understanding of notched specimen behaviour is necessary for the design of complex structures where parts are mostly connected with bolts and rivets [2]. The effect of these discontinuities on the behaviour of composite materials is an important topic because it causes a relatively large reduction in strength compared to the unnotched laminate [3]. In the first part of the current work, the assessment of the damage process taking place in notched (open-hole) specimens under uniaxial tensile loading was studied. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques were employed to obtain full-field surface strain measurements in carbon–fibre/epoxy M21/T700 composite plates with different stacking sequences in the presence of an open circular hole. Penetrant enhanced X-ray radiographs were taken to identify damage location and extent after loading around the hole. DIC strain fields were compared to numerical predictions. In the second part of the study, DIC techniques were used to characterise damage and performance of adhesively bonded patch repairs in composite panels under tensile loading. This part of work relates to strength/stiffness restoration of damaged composite aircraft that becomes more important as composites are used more extensively in the construction of modern jet airliners. In the current work, external bonded patches have been studied. Adhesively bonded repairs are the most common type of repair carried out with composite materials [1], [4]. The behaviour of bonded patches under loading was monitored using DIC full-field strain measurements. Location and extent of damage identified by X-ray radiography correlates well with DIC strain results giving confidence to the technique for structural health monitoring of bonded patches.     

Determining sample size for specification limits verification with tolerance intervals

In the traditional industrial verification process, when the aim is the compliance to assigned specifications, it is difficult to find an affordable statistical method for the purpose. Most data tables in industrial procedures and standards deal with tolerance limits neglecting the potential needs to verify assigned specification limits. A two-sided tolerance interval, combined with a bivariate statistical hypothesis test can be used to address this problem. The proposed risk-based approach leads to the determination of the minimum sample size with preestablished probabilities of Type I and Type II errors, that are essential elements for estimating the safety and reliability risk. A novel method is proposed for determination of the tolerance interval testing factors. This approach calculates the testing factors based on the deviation of the mean and the variance from the null hypothesis when a specified value of Type II error is found. The deviations of the mean and variance are determined in such a way that an assigned proportion of the population falls within the specification limits. Additional studies are provided to assess the robustness of the method for nonnormal environments and to compare it with other methods.