预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁试验研究

通过切除钢梁下翼缘部分面积来模拟钢梁的局部腐蚀损伤,再粘贴碳纤维（CFRP）布于钢梁受拉翼缘进行加固修复,以此开展CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁受弯性能的研究。共进行了6根CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁试件的静载试验,根据钢梁受腐程度取翼缘宽度切除的比例分别为0%,50%和100%,切口宽度3mm,然后在钢梁下翼缘粘贴CFRP布或预应力CFRP布。试验结果表明,在加固钢梁的受拉翼缘屈服后,粘贴CFRP布能有效提高构件的承载力,预应力CFRP布加固能有效提高钢梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载。粘贴CFRP布、预应力CFRP布加固未腐蚀钢梁的极限荷载比原钢梁极限荷载分别提高12.9%、16.1%;CFRP布、预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁比原钢梁极限荷载分别提高6.5%、16.1%。在试验基础上,建立了预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁的承载力计算式,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

碳纤维增强材料(CFRP)加固钢梁的疲劳试验研究

以钢梁为研究对象,对未加固钢梁与碳纤维增强材料CFRP加固钢梁在应力幅较小的中高周疲劳试验中的不同疲劳寿命进行对比,并对疲劳试验结果进行拟合分析。结果表明,在钢梁下翼缘疲劳敏感区域粘贴CFRP可以有效提高钢梁的疲劳寿命,对于存在初始疲劳裂缝的钢梁,采用CFRP加固可以将疲劳损伤钢梁的疲劳寿命恢复到未损伤钢梁的水平。     

预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁的变形计算方法

通过切除钢梁下翼缘部分面积来模拟钢梁的损伤,再利用CFRP布粘贴钢梁受拉翼缘进行加固修复的研究。共进行了6根CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁的试验,利用在钢梁下翼缘粘贴CFRP布或预应力CFRP布等来加固钢梁,翼缘切除率分别为0%,50%和100%的试件。试验结果表明,荷载-变形曲线具有两直线特征:第1阶段为钢梁下翼缘屈服前,荷载-变形曲线呈线性关系;第2阶段钢梁下翼缘屈服后,荷载-变形曲线出现转折点,斜率下降。在试验基础上,建立了预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁变形计算公式,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

碳纤维增强复合材料加固轴压足尺圆管柱的试验研究

对利用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)布加固的轴心受压足尺圆钢管长柱进行了静力试验,分析不同的CFRP布粘贴层数和粘贴方向对钢柱极限承载力提高的贡献,并通过ANSYS有限元软件对各试件的极限承载力进行数值模拟。参照英国建筑工业研究与情报协会(CIRIA)出版的《外粘纤维增强材料加固的金属结构》,对不同CFRP粘贴层数和粘贴方向钢柱试件的试验值、ANSYS模拟值与《外粘纤维增强材料加固的金属结构》中相关算式计算出的理论值进行对比分析,提出了加固后圆管柱的稳定承载力修正系数βc。综合考虑各类研究结果,给出βc的值,即:利用CFRP布纵向加固时βc=1.03,先纵向后环向加固时βc=0.93。     

FRP加固钢梁的分析

纤维增强复合材料（以下简称FRP）是当今加固工程研究热点之一,混合纤维材料（以下简称HFRP）和碳纤维材料（以下简称CFRP）加固修复混凝土结构已广泛应用于实际工程,相应理论与试验也较完善。国内外用CFRP和GFRP加固钢结构的试验研究较少。本文以GFRP和CFRP加固无损钢梁试验为基础,研究粘结不同种FRP情况下钢梁的荷载一位移曲线和承载力,以此确定粘贴GFRP和CFRP是否能有效地改善钢梁的受力性能。最后对工程加固钢梁提出参考。     

CFRP加固工字钢梁的结构性能和失效分析

针对碳纤维加固聚合物(CFRP)失效分析和CFRP加固工字钢梁的结构性能进行了试验和数值模拟。了解CFRP的失效模式有助于防止和减缓结构破坏。对1根未加固梁和12根使用不同类型、尺寸CFRP条带加固的梁进行了试验和数值模拟。试验采用静态逐步加载的四点弯曲法,并利用ANSYS软件对试样进行3D建模和非线性分析。结果显示,用于工字钢梁加固的CFRP失效模式包括:集中荷载处开裂(BS)、集中荷载处脱粘(BD)、端部分层(EDL)以及端部脱粘(ED)。CFRP失效模式的产生和发展取决于强化进度。研究发现,不同加固规格的CFRP加固钢梁的结构性能不同。     

二次受力下CFRP板加固钢梁静力试验和数值分析

本文对二次受力下碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固钢梁进行了静力试验,研究了不同程度初始应力对加固钢梁抗弯承载力及界面应力的影响;然后用有限元分析软件ANSYS对加固结构进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比验证,两者较为吻合。试验及模拟分析结果表明:初始应力会降低加固钢梁的抗弯承载力,但是可以减小胶层中的界面应力,减缓CFRP板从钢梁上的剥离。初始应力对加固钢梁的抗弯承载力及剥离破坏形式有着重要影响,在实际加固工程中不应忽视。通过试验与数值分析对比得到了一个可以精确模拟二次受力下CFRP板加固钢梁静力性能的有限元模型。     

不同纤维增强复合材料加固钢梁疲劳性能试验研究

对外贴高弹模碳纤维增强复合材料(高弹模CFRP)板、高强度CFRP板、钢丝-玄武岩纤维复合板(SBFCP)和焊接钢板等加固人工受损钢梁疲劳性能进行试验研究,分析不同材料加固对钢梁疲劳性能的影响,讨论钢梁疲劳加固效果的影响因素。试验结果表明:等拉伸刚度加固条件下,纤维增强复合材料加固钢梁的疲劳寿命总体上是未加固钢梁的3.33～5.26倍,而焊接钢板加固钢梁的疲劳寿命是未加固钢梁的1.74倍;与传统焊接钢板加固相比,纤维增强复合材料可以推迟钢梁裂纹的萌生,降低裂纹的扩展速率和钢梁的残余挠度,增加构件的疲劳寿命,改善构件的破坏模式,其中高弹模CFRP板加固效果最理想,而SBFCP加固性价比最高;加固材料和界面对疲劳性能有明显的影响。     

碳纤维布加固受弯钢梁力学性能分析

首先对不同加载方式和不同加固模式下的碳纤维增强复合材料加固H型受弯钢梁进行了2组对比试验,并对试验结果进行了综合分析.在此基础上,应用扩展有限元法(extended finite element method,XFEM)建立了CFRP加固H型钢梁的有限元模型,应用该数值模型分别分析了CFRP布加固无损伤和有损伤H型钢梁的极限承载力、胶层界面应力和开裂损伤等力学特性.分析结果表明,扩展有限元法对CFRP加固受弯钢梁力学性能的研究具有较好的适用性.     

CFRP布加固RC梁抗剪性能的试验研究

作为粘贴钢板加固技术的延伸与拓展,非金属材料-纤维增强塑料(FRP))日益受到国内外土木界尤其是加固工程界的重视.以往大多数的研究主要限于梁的抗弯加固,对抗剪补强方面研究甚少.本文通过大量的室内试验,论证了CFRP布对RC梁抗剪加固的有效性;提出了RC梁侧粘贴CFRP布后的抗剪承载力的计算方法和CFRP布有效应变的建议值;并将试验值、理论值和非线性有限元的计算结果进行了对比.最后,提出了CFRP布的最佳粘贴位置.     

Non-linear analysis to predict the moment–curvature response of CFRP-strengthened steel CHS tubular beams

External bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has emerged as a popular technique for strengthening steel structures in recent years. In this study, the non-linear behaviour of circular hollow steel beams bonded with thin carbon FRP sheets was investigated theoretically by including the effect of the amount of CFRP reinforcement, fibre configuration, fibre and adhesive volume fractions and material non-linearity. This paper presents a cross-sectional analysis for the moment–curvature response of CFRP-reinforced steel tubular beams. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the strengthening effect of fibre composites, and are shown to be in reasonable agreement with previous experimental data.     

纤维增强复合材料对钢结构的加固

在过去的20年中,纤维增强复合材料凭借其高强重比和良好的抗腐蚀性等独特优势,逐渐获得在实际土木工程应用中的广泛认可。特别是对使用纤维增强复合材料在加固混凝土结构方面进行了广泛研究。最近,使用纤维增强复合材料来加固现有的钢结构的方法引起了关注。文章首先对合理开发使用纤维增强复合材料来加固钢结构的方法进行讨论。之后对现有的运用纤维增强复合材料加固的钢结构的研究进行评论和阐述。评论涵盖的论题包括钢材表面粘合剂处理、粘合剂的挑选、纤维增强塑料和钢材之间的粘结性能及其合适的建模、钢梁抗弯加固、钢结构抗疲劳加固、薄壁钢结构的抗局部屈曲的加固、以及通过外部纤维增强塑料对中空管或混凝土填充钢管进行加固。文章最后对未来需进一步研究的问题进行了展望。     

Strengthening of steel structures with fiber-reinforced polymer composites

Over the past two decades, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have gradually gained wide acceptance in civil engineering applications due to their unique advantages including their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. In particular, many possibilities of using FRP in the strengthening and construction of concrete structures have been explored. More recently, the use of FRP to strengthen existing steel structures has received much attention. This paper starts with a critical discussion of the use of FRP in the strengthening of steel structures where the advantages of FRP are appropriately exploited. The paper then provides a critical review and interpretation of existing research on FRP-strengthened steel structures. Topics covered by the review include steel surface preparation for adhesive bonding, selection of a suitable adhesive, bond behavior between FRP and steel and its appropriate modeling, flexural strengthening of steel beams, fatigue strengthening of steel structures, strengthening of thin-walled steel structures against local buckling, and strengthening of hollow or concrete-filled steel tubes through external FRP confinement. The paper concludes with comments on future research needs.     

Finite element modelling of concrete cover separation failure in FRP plated RC beams

The technique of bonding fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to the tension face or sides of reinforced concrete (RC) beams has become very popular for strengthening or retrofitting purposes. A distinct characteristic of such strengthened RC beams is that they very often fail due to various premature debonding failures. This paper presents a fracture mechanics based finite element analysis of debonding failures. Numerical results for an experimental beam are presented. Initial findings show that the method can successfully simulate the concrete cover separation failure mode in FRP strengthened RC beams.     

RC beams shear-strengthened with FRP: Stress distributions in the FRP reinforcement

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams may be strengthened for shear with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites through complete wrapping, U-jacketing or bonding on their sides only. The two main shear failure modes of such strengthened beams are FRP rupture and debonding. In both modes of failure, the contribution of the bonded FRP reinforcement to the shear capacity of the beam depends strongly on the stress (or strain) distribution in the FRP at the ultimate limit state. This paper presents a numerical study of the FRP stress distribution at debonding failure in U-jacketed or side-bonded beams using a rigorous FRP-to-concrete bond–slip model and assuming several different crack width distributions. Numerical results indicate that Chen and Teng’s early simple assumption [Chen JF, Teng JG. Shear capacity of FRP-strengthened RC beams: FRP debonding. Constr Build Mater 2003;17:27–41] for the stress distribution in the FRP results in satisfactory predictions for the effective FRP stress in most cases for both U-jacketed and side-bonded beams. However, it may become unconservative for side-bonded beams that have only light flexural steel reinforcement.     

Strengthening concrete beams for shear with CFRP sheets

The method of strengthening concrete structures with FRP composites has existed for over a decade; the most common way to strengthen structures is in bending, but also wrapping of columns is quite common. There are also needs for strengthening concrete structures in shear, for example concrete beams, slabs, columns, etc. A typical structure can be a parking garage. However, strengthening concrete structures for shear is not as common as for bending and confinement. This paper presents examples to strengthen concrete beams for shear. First traditional strengthening methods are presented briefly, then the use of CFRP (Carbon Fibre reinforced Polymers) composites for shear strengthening is presented. Tests on beams strengthened in shear with CFRP sheets are presented and a short presentation on how to design for shear strengthening with CFRP is given. Furthermore, a field application of a parking slab strengthened for shear with CFRP unidirectional fabric is presented. The laboratory tests show the importance of considering the principal directions of the shear crack in relation to the unidirectional fibre. The field application shows that it is easy to strengthen existing structures for shear with CFRP fabrics.     

Strengthening of RC beams in shear using GFRP inclined strips – An experimental study

Though there have been a number of studies on shear strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer sheets, the behaviour of FRP strengthened beams in shear is not fully understood. This is partly due to various reinforcement configurations of sheets that can be used for shear strengthening and partly due to different failure modes a strengthened beam undergoes at ultimate state. Furthermore, the experimental data bank for shear strengthening of concrete beams using FRP remains relatively sparse due to which the design algorithms for computing the shear contribution of FRP are not yet clear. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of glass fiber reinforced polymer inclined strips epoxy bonded to the beam web for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. Included in the study are effectiveness in terms of width and spacing of inclined GFRP strips, spacing of internal steel stirrups, and longitudinal steel rebar section on shear capacity of the RC beam. The study also aims to understand the shear contribution of concrete, shear strength due to steel bars and steel stirrups and the additional shear capacity due to glass fiber reinforced polymer strips in a RC beam. And also to study the failure modes, shear strengthening effect on ultimate force and load deflection behaviour of RC beams bonded externally with GFRP inclined strips on the shear region of the beam.     

FRP-strengthened RC slabs anchored with FRP anchors

An abundance of tests over the last two decades has shown the bending capacity of flexural members such as reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs to be enhanced by the bonding of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to their tension face. The propensity of the FRP to debond, however, limits its effectiveness. Different types of anchorages have therefore been investigated in order to delay or even prevent debonding. The so-called FRP anchor, which is made from rolled fibre sheets or bundles of lose fibres, is particularly suitable for anchoring FRP composites to a variety of structural element shapes. Studies that assess the effectiveness of FRP anchors in anchoring FRP strengthening in flexural members is, however, limited. This paper in turn reports a series of tests on one-way spanning simply supported RC slabs which have been strengthened in flexure with tension face bonded FRP composites and anchored with different arrangements of FRP anchors. The load-deflection responses of all slab tests are plotted, in addition to selected strain results. The behaviours of the specimens including the failure modes are also discussed. The greatest enhancement in load and deflection experienced by the six slabs strengthened with FRP plates and anchored with FRP anchors was 30% and 110%, respectively, over the unanchored FRP-strengthened control slab. The paper also discusses the strategic placement of FRP anchors for optimal strength and deflection enhancement in FRP-strengthened RC slabs.     

Finite element modelling of CFRP jacketed CFST members under flexural loading

In this era, using concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members has become very popular in the construction industry; at the same time, ageing of structures and deterioration of members are often reported. Therefore, actions like implementing strengthening techniques with the new materials become essential to combat this problem. Due to their in-service and superior mechanical properties, carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites make an excellent candidate after upgrading. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the suitability of CFRP in strengthening of CFST members under flexure. Among eighteen beams, nine beams were strengthened by full wrapping (fibre bonded at the bottom throughout the entire length of beam) and the remaining nine beams were strengthened by partial wrapping (fibre bonded in-between loading points at the bottom). The effect of CFRP layers on the moment carrying capacity of CFST beams was investigated. Also a nonlinear finite element model was developed using the software ANSYS 12.0, to validate the analytical results such as load–deformation and the corresponding failure modes. The experimental results revealed that beams strengthened by partial wrapping failed by delamination of fibre, even before attaining the ultimate load of control beam but the beams strengthened by full wrapping exhibited more enhancements in moment carrying capacity and stiffness. From the numerical simulation and experiments, it is suggested that if any appropriate anchorages are provided in partial wrapping scheme to avoid delamination of fibre, then it will be turned into a fine and economical method for strengthening of CFST members.     

Behavior and capacity of RC beams strengthened in shear with NSM FRP reinforcement

A recent and promising method for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members is the use of near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. In the NSM method, the reinforcement is embedded in grooves cut onto the surface of the member to be strengthened and filled with an appropriate binding agent such as epoxy paste or cement grout. Only a few studies have been conducted to date on the use of NSM FRP reinforcement for shear strengthening of RC beams. These studies identified some critical failure modes related to debonding between the NSM reinforcement and the concrete substrate. However, more tests need to be conducted to identify all possible failure modes of strengthened beams. Moreover, virtually no test results are available on the behavior of shear-strengthened beams containing steel shear reinforcement, and on the effect of variables such as the type of epoxy used as groove filler. This paper illustrates a research program on shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM reinforcement, aimed at gaining more test results to fill the gaps in knowledge mentioned above. A number of beams were tested to analyze the influence on the structural behavior and failure mode of selected test parameters, i.e. type of NSM reinforcement (round bars and strips), spacing and inclination of the NSM reinforcement, and mechanical properties of the groove-filling epoxy. One beam strengthened in shear with externally bonded FRP laminates was also tested for comparison purposes. All beams had a limited amount of internal steel shear reinforcement to simulate a real strengthening situation. Test results are presented and discussed in the paper.