核壳型硅丙复合乳液的合成及其性能研究

用单体预乳化法和半连续种子乳液聚合法合成了核壳型硅丙复合乳液,研究了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-2-磺酸基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐(MS-1)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配比例、核层聚合乳化剂补加速率及壳层聚合乳化剂补加速率对乳液性能和乳胶粒粒径及其分布的影响。考察了复配乳化剂用量对单体转化率、涂膜耐水性的影响规律。结果表明,所合成的系列乳液中,复配乳化剂所合成乳液的乳胶粒粒径小,粒径最小为72.99nm,乳液黏度大,其最大值为60.0mPa.s;而采用MS-1单一乳化剂所合成乳液的乳胶粒粒径分布最窄,其多分散性指数(PDI)为0.01,乳液黏度最小,其值为37.78mPa.s。当核层和壳层聚合乳化剂持续补加时间分别为120min和210min时,聚合体系乳胶粒数目基本保持不变,后续加入的单体在种子乳胶粒表面进行聚合,形成"核壳"结构。此外,随着乳化剂用量增加,单体的转化率提高但涂膜的耐水性下降。并用红外、透射电镜分别对聚合物分子链结构和乳胶粒形貌结构进行了表征。     

MPS/OTES共聚乳液的制备与性能研究

选用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPS）和辛基三乙氧基硅烷（OTES）为共聚单体，十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)为乳化体系，采用乳液聚合方法成功制备了稳定的MPS/OTES乳液。探究了不同工艺条件对乳胶粒粒径和乳液性能的影响，利用FT-IR、SEM、TEM、纳米粒度和电位分析仪等对乳胶粒形态和结构进行了分析。结果表明：随着单体MPS质量比的增加，乳液粒径先减小后增大，MPS:OTES=2:1时，乳液的粒径最小；当酸性催化剂DBSA用量为1.33～1.67%时，乳液粒径在100 nm左右，粒径分布较窄，乳液稀释稳定性、离心稳定性、储存稳定性良好。     

原位乳液聚合法制备二氧化钛/聚苯乙烯复合微球

采用原位乳液聚合法制备了TiO2 PS(二氧化钛 聚苯乙烯)复合微球,探索了复合微球的制备条件,并采用红外、透射电镜和差热分析等分析手段对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,采用原位乳液聚合法可制备出粒径分布均一的不同粒径的TiO2 PS复合微球,反应条件对微球的形成及粒径影响很大,介质pH>7以及乳化剂用量小于临界胶束浓度是形成复合微球的必要条件;复合微球粒径随苯乙烯浓度增加而增大。     

含纳米二氧化硅粒子的丙烯酯丁酯细乳化

为了调控含纳米SiO₂的丙烯酸丁酯细乳化后液滴的粒径及粒径分布,研究了细乳化体系组成和超声分散条件对细乳化液滴粒径及粒径分布的影响.发现存在使细乳化液滴粒径及粒径分布趋于稳定的临界超声功率和超声时间;随着十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）乳化剂浓度增加,液滴粒径减小,而十六烷浓度对液滴粒径影响较小;随着BA分散液中纳米SiO₂质量分数和BA分散液/水质量比的增加,液滴平均粒径增大,粒径分布变宽,这是由于纳米SiO₂粒子吸收了部分超声波能量,同时改变了分散相特性所致.当放置或聚合温度在65℃以下时,细乳化液或相应的聚丙烯酸丁酯/纳米SiO₂复合乳胶能稳定分散.     

核壳型硅丙复合乳液

陕西科技大学的马建中等人采用单体预乳化法和半连续种子乳液聚合法合成了核壳型硅丙复合乳液,研究了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-2-璜酸基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐（MS-1）与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）复配比列、核层聚合乳化剂补加速率及壳层聚合乳化剂补加速率对乳液性能和乳胶粒粒径及其分布的影响。     

核壳型硅丙复合乳液

陕西科技大学的马建中等人采用单体预乳化法和半连续种子乳液聚合法合成了核壳型硅丙复合乳液，研究了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-2-璜酸基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐（MS-1）与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）复配比列、核层聚合乳化剂补加速率及壳层聚合乳化剂补加速率对乳液性能和乳胶粒粒径及其分布的影响。     

核壳型聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合乳液的制备

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,用种子乳液聚合方法,合成出以聚苯乙烯(PSt)为核, 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为壳的复合乳液。透射电子显微镜观察了核壳复合乳胶粒的形态,光散射粒径分布仪(PCS)测量胶乳粒径大小及其分布。最终成功地制得了核壳型PS/PMMA复合乳液,所得复合乳胶粒粒径大小在60～90nm左右,且单分散性较好。     

核壳型丙烯酸酯乳液的制备与性能研究

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯／丙烯酸丁酯作复合单体,丙烯酸为功能单体,通过预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合工艺合成了核壳型丙烯酸酯乳液,讨论了反应温度、乳化剂用量、核壳单体质量比以及丙烯酸加入量对乳液性能以及漆膜力学性能的影响,并用TEM对乳胶粒子进行了表征。结果表明：采用预乳化半连续滴加法,当复合乳化剂SDS与OP-10质量比为2：1且总用量为4％,核、壳层中甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸丁酯的质量比分别为3：7和4：1,核壳总单体质量比为1：1,丙烯酸质量分数为4％,核层和壳层反应温度分别为70℃和80％时,可以合成黏度适中、乳胶粒粒径分布均匀、稳定性好和漆膜力学性能优良的核壳型丙烯酸酯乳液。     

PBA/MMA-MAA核-壳型乳液聚合研究

本文以种子乳液聚合法制备了PBA／MMA－MAA核－壳型复合取合物乳液。讨论了复合聚合物时引发剂用量和补加乳化剂用量对聚合反应及乳胶粒及其分布的影响。结果表明，引发剂用量控制在0．2％（wt)，乳化剂用量在0．75％（wt)，可制得粒径分布较窄且性能良好的核－壳型聚合物乳液用于毛面剂中。     

有机硅单体细乳液的制备及其性能

以DNS525和DNS500为复合乳化体系(质量比为1∶1),采用机械搅拌辅助超声均质的方法制备了γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷(TRIS)的单体细乳液,考察了机械搅拌时间、超声时间、乳化剂用量、油水比对其稳定性和粒径性能的影响。当机械搅拌60 min,超声均质15 min,乳化剂用量为6%,油水比为2∶3时,在该条件下制得的TRIS均聚细乳液外观呈白色、泛蓝光、均一,凝胶率为0.62%,转化率为98.32%,粒径为226.4 nm,分布宽度系数为0.143。     

PS/TiO2核壳型微球和空心TiO2微球有序排列的制备

利用纳米级二氧化钛（TiO₂）溶胶微粒与聚苯乙烯（PS）胶体颗粒的混合悬浮液,以垂直共沉积的方法制备了核壳型PS/TiO₂微球的有序排列。当利用煅烧的方法去除PS胶粒晶体模板后,可以形成空心TiO₂微球的三维有序排列。考察了混合悬浮液中两种胶体颗粒的体积比（PS∶TiO₂=R）对空心TiO₂微球有序排列形成的影响。实验结果表明,合适的R值（6∶1）对于空心微球有序排列的形成至关重要。与此同时,浸渍填充法对照实验的结果表明,煅烧过程中TiO₂纳米颗粒晶型转化引起的收缩是造成TiO₂空心球产生的主要原因。     

不同聚苯乙烯微球的磺化

胶体颗粒是研究凝聚态物理性质、生命物质组装的理想模型体系,对胶体颗粒的研究具有十分重要的理论价值。聚苯乙烯(PS)微球是目前应用最为广泛的胶体粒子,由于其在合成过程中粒径可控且形貌均匀,因此,受到了越来越多的关注。文章制备了未交联的和交联的2种PS微球,研究了磺化时间对这2种PS微球的Zeta电势和粒径的影响。结果表明,在一定的反应时间内,未交联PS微球的Zeta电势和粒径,随磺化时间增加至原粒径的2.5倍,最后溶解。交联PS微球的Zeta电势和粒径随磺化时间增加至原粒径的5.5倍,但不溶解,而是形成C型胶体粒子。掌握了聚苯乙烯微球的磺化规律,可以得到尺寸及带电量不同的磺化聚苯乙烯,对凝聚态的物理性质的等研究具有重要意义。     

Preparation of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) core‐shell composite particles by suspension‐emulsion combined polymerization

Suspension‐emulsion combined polymerization process, in which methyl methacrylate (MMA) emulsion polymerization constituents (EPC) were drop wise added to styrene (St) suspension polymerization system, was applied to prepare polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) composite particles. The influences of the feeding condition and the composition of EPC on the particle feature of the resulting composite polymer particles were investigated. It was found that PS/PMMA core‐shell composite particles with a narrow particle size distribution and a great size would be formed when the EPC was added at the viscous energy dominated particle formation stage of St suspension polymerization with a suitable feeding rate, whereas St‐MMA copolymer particles or PS/PMMA composite particles with imperfect core‐shell structure would be formed when the EPC was added at the earlier or later stage of St suspension polymerization, respectively. It was also showed that the EPC composition affected the composite particles formation process. The individual latex particles would exist in the final product when the concentrations of MMA monomer, sodium dodecyl sulfate emulsifier, and potassium persulfate initiator were great in the EPC. Considering the feature of St suspension polymerization and the morphology of PS/PMMA composite particles, the formation mechanism of PS/PMMA particles with core‐shell structure was proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备

以苯乙烯(St)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散稳定剂,在乙醇-水反应介质中,采用分散聚合法制备了微米级单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球。分别用电镜扫描和激光粒度仪表征了PS微球表面形貌、粒径及粒度分布,探讨了影响PS微球粒径及粒度分布的诸多因素。结果表明,AIBN用量(以单体质量计,下同)大于5.0%或PVP用量(以单体质量计,下同)小于2%时,PS粒子间有聚并现象;当St浓度为10%、AIBN用量为2.5%、PVP用量为5.5%、醇水质量比为90∶10、聚合温度为70℃时,制备的PS微球粒径为1.612μm、粒度分散系数为0.357,微球单分散性及球形度最佳。     

乳液聚合法制备核(二氧化钛)-壳(聚苯乙烯)复合粒子

研究了乳液聚合技术用于聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)包覆改性二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米粒子.十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)作乳化剂,考察了其浓度对复合粒子形态的影响.用Fourier红外光谱、透射电镜和热重分析表征了无机-有机核-壳复合粒子.用沉降实验评价复合粒子的分散性和分散稳定性.实验表明:SDS浓度为0.8mg/mL时,可以实现PS对纳米TiO2粒子的成功包覆.最佳条件下,乳液聚合单体转化率达62.0%:包覆效率为54.0%;复合粒子中PS占62.6%;复合粒子平均粒径为181nm.复合粒子能在乙酸乙酯中形成均匀分散体系.     

优化制备粒度均匀分布的Ce-Cu/TiO2空心微球及其光-显性能

以Ce(NO3)3?6H2O和Cu(NO3)2?3H2O为改性剂制备Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球，通过均匀设计与BP神经网络模型优化Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球的制备工艺参数。用激光粒度分析仪对Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球的粒度分布进行测试，用SEM和TEM对Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球的微观形貌进行表征，用比表面积及孔径测定仪对Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球的孔结构进行测试，采用等温吸放湿法对粒度均匀分布的Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球的湿性能进行测试，用紫外–可见分光光度计测试其光性能。结果表明，粒度均匀分布的Ce–Cu/TiO2空心微球制备工艺参数为：磁力搅拌速度VMS=910 r/min、溶液B加入溶液A的速度VAB=1.32 mL/min、溶液D加入溶液C的速度VCD=0.86 mL/min、煅烧升温速度VTC=2.47℃/min和煅烧温度TC=485℃，所制空心微球d10=103.74 nm，d50=141.46 nm和d90=188.84 nm，粒径分布区间d90–d10为85.10 nm，空心微球具有良好的光–湿性能，1~6 h对甲醛气体的降解率为21.6%~53.9%，相对湿度32.28%~84.34%的平衡含湿量为0.0364~0.2746 g/g。     

细乳液聚合法制备PY-17/PE蜡/PS复合乳胶粒子

通过细乳液聚合法制备彩色墨粉用多组分复合乳胶粒子,即通过细乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯包覆有机颜料PY-17和聚乙烯蜡的三元复合乳胶粒子。通过透射电子显微镜、激光粒度仪、紫外可见分光光度计和热失重分析仪对制备的复合乳胶粒子形貌、粒度、热学和光学特性进行表征,着重研究了乳化剂种类及用量、颜料用量和聚乙烯蜡用量对复合乳胶粒子粒径和形貌的影响,并对复合乳胶粒子的热学及光学特性进行了表征。结果表明,使用复合乳化剂,颜料PY-17用量不大于单体量8%、聚乙烯蜡用量占单体量不大于10%时,制备的复合乳胶粒子粒径较小,分布窄,包覆较为完整;并且复合乳胶粒子的热学及光学特性发生了一定的改变。     

Composite magnetic particles: 1. Deposition of magnetite by heterocoagulation method

In this paper we report synthesis and characterization of composite polymeric particles bearing magnetite inclusions and reactive β-diketone groups on the surface. Composites were prepared by two-step method in which first step requires preparation of the functionalized polystyrene core and during second step magnetite was deposited onto core particle surface. This procedure gives a possibility to obtain composite particles with core-shell morphology and both the core size and magnetite shell thickness can be varied. Highly monodisperse PS/AAEM microspheres were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. Change of monomer fleet-ratio gives a possibility to change effectively the final particle size of dispersions without strong changes in particle size distribution. PS/AAEM particles were characterized by light scattering techniques (DLS, SLS) and electron microscopy (SEM) with respect to their particle size and morphology of the surface layer. Magnetite was deposited in form of nano-crystals onto PS-AAEM particle surface by heterocoagulation process. It has been established that more uniform magnetite coating was obtained at lower base amounts used for synthesis of magnetite. Amount of the magnetite on the polymeric particle surface can be effectively controlled by changing the initial FeCl₂ and FeCl₃ concentrations and/or variation of the PS/AAEM core dimensions. It has been confirmed by separation centrifugation technique, that stepwise increase of the magnetite content on the particle surface decrease gradually the stability of colloidal system. Magnetization curves for composite particles indicate that deposited magnetite content is high enough to achieve considerable magnetic response to external magnetic field.     

Polystyrene/melamine-formaldehyde hollow microsphere composite by self-assembling of latex particles at emulsion droplet interface

Submicron scale particle aggregates with defined shape were prepared by self-assembling of sulphonated polystyrene latex particles at the interface of emulsion droplets. Several parameters were considered during the preparation, including the sulphonation time of the polystyrene latex particles, the composition of the oil phase, and the zeta potential of the sulphonated latex particle. To further improve the mechanical stability of the particle aggregates, a hard composite layer was formed by addition of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) prepolymer into the emulsion. The prepolymer was crosslinked onto the particles surface of sulphonated PS particle aggregates. The crosslinking reaction was catalysed by the acidity of sulfogroup. After evaporating off solvent, PS/MF hollow microsphere composites were obtained as mechanically stable dry material. The hollow microsphere composite was characterized by TGA, FTIR, optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.     

微乳液结合Sol-Gel法制备纳米ZnTiO3及其表征

将溶胶-凝胶法与微乳液化学剪裁法相结合,以钛酸丁酯和氯化锌制备凝胶,在OP-10-SDS/正丁醇/环己烷/水复配微乳体系中进行化学剪裁制备前驱物,再经煅烧制备了组成单一的球状纳米ZnTiO3粉体,通过XRD、TEM、SEM、TG-DSC等方法对产物进行了表征,并讨论了凝胶的陈化时间、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对纳米ZnTiO3的组成、粒径和形貌的影响,提出了纳米ZnTiO3可能的形成机理。结果表明,在700℃煅烧2h制备的纳米ZnTiO3平均粒径为35nm,粒径分布比较均匀,基本呈单分散;适当延长陈化时间会减少ZnO及TiO2杂质;随着煅烧时间的延长,ZnTiO3晶体粒径开始增大;煅烧温度过高会使六方相ZnTiO3分解为立方相的Zn2TiO4和金红石型TiO2。