Ti、Zr对铸态Al-Cu合金组织和性能影响

采用SEM、EDS、XRD考察了Ti、Zr元素单独或复合添加以及Cu含量对Al-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:与未添加的Al-Cu合金相比,单独添加Ti、Zr元素的合金铸态组织得到了一定细化,且等量Ti的细化效果优于Zr。复合添加Ti、Zr时,Ti显著改善了Zr元素的晶粒细化效果。在添加孕育剂的合金中,增加Cu含量的合金强度均有所降低。     

La（0.67-x）（Ti/Zr）xMg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5（x=0～0.15）贮氢合金结构和电化学性能

采用感应熔铸＋热处理的方法制备了La（0.67-x）（Ti/Zr）xMg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金.结构分析表明,合金由PuNi3型相、Ce2Ni7型相、MgCu4Sn型相和Ti-Ni或Zr-Ni合金相等组成;Ti/Zr元素在PuNi3型物相和Ce2Ni7型物相中没有固溶,而是单独以Ti-Ni和Zr-Ni合金的形式存在;随Ti和Zr含量的增多,合金中PuNi3型物相的单胞体积呈线性减小趋势.Ti和Zr元素的掺入提高了合金的吸放氢平台,降低了合金的贮氢量.电化学研究表明,Ti/Zr元素显著提高了合金电极的高倍率放电性能,但过量的Zr元素会恶化合金电极的电催化活性;Ti/Zr元素的掺入对合金电极循环稳定性有一定改善,但同时会降低合金电极的电化学放电容量.     

Mn、V、Mo、Ti、Zr元素对AlFeCrCoCu-X高熵合金组织与高温氧化性能的影响

利用非自耗真空电弧熔炼技术,研究等摩尔Mn、V、Mo、Ti、Zr元素对Al Fe Cr Co Cu多组元高熵合金的组织结构、硬度及抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明:6组合金都是典型的树枝晶结构,合金组织成分偏析严重,Cu元素大量聚集在晶间,其中,Ti和Zr元素对合金的组织影响最大,两组合金都伴随富Cr组织析出。合金具有较强的硬度,其硬度均与添加元素原子半径成正比。热重分析实验表明:合金具有较强的抗高温氧化能力,在加热到700℃以前,质量几乎保持不变,Al Fe Cr Co Cu合金的抗高温氧化性能最好,而第6元素的添加对合金的抗高温氧化能力不利。其中,V和Mo元素的加入导致其产生的对应氧化物具有易挥发特性而严重地恶化合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

Al-Sc及Al-Sc-Zr合金的析出强化行为

研究熔铸态Al-Sc及Al-Sc-Zr合金在300℃时效不同时间的析出强化行为。显微硬度测试结果表明,两种合金显微硬度均出现了明显的强化,其中Al-Sc-Zr合金达到析出强化峰值的时间明显短于Al-Sc合金,且在峰值持续更长的时间,表明其热稳定性更好。三维原子探针结果表明,时效初期Zr的添加可促进Sc元素的偏聚,加速Al-Sc-Zr合金析出强化进程;时效后期Zr元素在Al3Sc与基体界面处富集,阻碍了析出相的长大,使Al-Sc-Zr合金在300℃长时间保持较高强度。     

微量合金元素Ti、Zr对Mo合金性能和显微组织的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备Mo-Zr、Mo-Ti合金,研究了Zr、Ti的添加方式及添加量对Mo的拉伸性能和显微组织的影响.结果表明,添加合金元素Zr、Ti大大提高了Mo的力学性能.合金元素Zr以纯Zr形式加入较以ZrH2形式为佳,其添加量在0.1%(质量分数,下同)时,合金性能最高.元素Zr仅有极少部分固溶到Mo基体中,大部分与合金中少量氧结合以ZrO2粒子相存在.合金元素Ti则以TiH2的方式添加为佳,添加量为0.8%时合金性能最高.元素Ti一部分固溶到Mo基体中,另一部分与Mo及合金中的少量氧结合以MoxTiO2复合氧化物粒子相存在.     

微量合金元素Ti、Zr对Mo金性能和显微组织的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备Mo-Zr、Mo-Ti合金,研究了Zr、Ti的添加方式及添加量对Mo的拉伸性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,添加合金元素Zr、Ti大大提高了Mo的力学性能。合金元素Zr以纯Zr形式加入较以ZrH2形式为佳,其添加量在0.1%（质量分数,下同）时,合金性能最高。元素Zr仅有极少部分固溶到Mo基体中,大部分与合金中少量氧结合以ZrO2粒子相存在。合金元素Ti则以TiH2的方式添加为佳,添加量为0.8%时合金性能最高。元素Ti一部分固溶到Mo基体中,另一部分与Mo及合金中的少量氧结合以MoxTiyOz复合氧化物粒子相存在。     

Ni-Ti(-Zr)-P非晶合金的热稳定性及腐蚀行为

采用熔体旋淬法制备了Ni76Ti5P19和Ni73Ti5Zr3P19(at%)非晶合金,对其热稳定性及腐蚀行为进行了研究,并讨论了Zr元素的添加对Ni-Ti-P非晶合金性能的影响。结果表明,Zr元素的添加提高了Ni76Ti5P19非晶合金的玻璃转变温度(Tg)和晶化温度(Tx),但使得过冷液体温度区间(ΔTx)有所降低。电化学实验表明,在NaCl、HCl和H2SO4溶液中,Ni-Ti(-Zr)-P非晶合金发生自钝化,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,这可能归因于合金表面Ti/Zr和P元素的富集。在同一溶液中,与Ni76Ti5P19非晶合金相比,Ni73Ti5Zr3P19非晶合金具有较高的开路电位和较低的钝化电流密度。在Ni-Ti-P合金中添加元素Zr以替代部分Ni能够在钝化膜中引入ZrO2,从而提高合金表面氧化膜的保护性,改善合金的耐腐蚀能力。     

一种具有优异玻璃形成能力的Zr50Ti5Cu27Ni10Al8大块非晶合金的开发

多组元的Zr基非晶合金成分的复杂性对开发具有优异玻璃形成能力的Zr基非晶合金提出巨大的挑战。另外,大部分Zr基非晶合金含有有毒元素Be或者贵金属。因此,采用一种简单有效的方法开发无毒无贵金属元素的多组元Zr基非晶合金十分必要。本文中采用二元共晶比例法和部分元素替代法快速的开发出了一种新的临界尺寸大于10mm的 Zr50Ti5Cu27Ni10Al8非晶合金。这个非晶合金的热稳定性和硬度也通过原位高温X射线衍射和纳米压痕方法测量得出。     

Zr元素对Cu-4Ti合金调幅分解与非连续沉淀的影响

研究了Zr元素对Cu-4Ti合金调幅分解与非连续沉淀的影响,使用光学显微及透射电镜表征了合金固溶及热处理过程的微观组织,分析了Zr元素对调幅分解与非连续沉淀组织形貌的影响。通过力学及电学性能的变化,分析了Zr元素对合金性能的影响。结果表明:Zr元素阻碍Ti原子的扩散,能显著延缓Cu-4Ti合金调幅分解的过程,抑制非连续沉淀的发生,提高Cu-4Ti-0.1Zr合金在峰值时效(450℃/7 h)时的综合性能,对电导率的影响小。其抗拉强度为1155MPa,HV维氏硬度为3.3 GPa,电导率是15.4%IACS。     

合金元素对Ti-Ni-Cu系钎料性能的影响

本实验设计一系列不同成分的Ti-Ni-Cu系钎料,研究合金元素B、Si、Zr等对钎料非晶形成能力和性能的影响.结果表明:微量B、Si元素均能显著改善Ti-Ni-Cu系钎料对Si3N4陶瓷的润湿性;在相同试验条件下,添加0.2%B的Ti40Ni15Cu钎料铺展面积最大;不含zr元素的Ti-Ni-Cu系钎料合金的非晶形成能力均很差.本实验设计的Ti40Zr20Ni20CuB0.2、Ti40Zr20Ni25CuB0.2两种钎料既具有良好的润湿性,又具有良好的非晶形成能力;与Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷的接头相比,Ti40Zr20Ni20CuB0.2、Ti40Zr20Ni25CuB0.2非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷接头的室温强度变化不大,但高温强度有明显提高.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。