多模光纤到单模光纤耦合效率的研究分析

由于多模光纤的纤芯直径远大于单模光纤的纤芯直径,且多模先纤的数值孔径也大于单模光纤的数值孔径,因此多单模转换效率极低.为了提高多模光纤到单模光纤的耦合效率,采用自聚焦透镜对从多模光纤出射的光束进行汇聚,使其半径大小尽量与单模光纤的芯径大小相匹配,然后再利用球透镜来减小被汇聚过的光束的发散角,在不考虑各种连接损耗的前提下,通过ZEMAX来求解多模光纤到单模先纤的耦合效率.采用这种新型组合透镜耦合的方法可以极大提高多单模耦合的耦合效率,其最高耦合效率可达到38.7%.因此,这种组合透镜法是可行的.     

多模光纤反馈半导体激光器产生无时延特征混沌

提出了一种基于多模光纤模间色散的无时延特征混沌产生方案。在多模光纤长度为4.4 km、芯径为62.5μm、反馈强度为0.1的条件下,实验获得了无时延特征的混沌信号。进一步理论分析了多模光纤的纤芯直径、相对偏移、长度对混沌光模场的影响,结果显示：随着纤芯直径和相对偏移的增大,模式数量逐渐增多,模场分布变复杂;随着光纤长度的增加,模式分离程度（即模间色散）增大。最终探明了多模光纤相对偏移、反馈强度、长度对时延特征的抑制规律。结果表明,在与实验相同的纤芯直径和反馈强度下,消除时延特征的多模光纤的临界长度为1 km。     

微量杂质对As—Se—Te玻璃红外光纤损耗的影响

对As-Se-Te玻璃原料提纯和熔制工艺进行改进,制成具有芯包结构、阶跃折射率的红玻璃光纤。对As-Se-Te玻璃进行微量杂质分析。同时,对拉制成的As-Se-Te玻璃红外光纤测试其损耗,结果表明：工艺改进后,光纤损耗值降低与玻璃微量杂质总（正、负）离子计数相对比值减小是一致的。     

光纤拉丝中的冷却和涂覆技术

光纤拉丝技术历经40余年的发展，已达到相当成熟的阶段。现代拉丝工艺采用的光纤预制棒尺寸：直径／长度为由150—200mm／3m：拉丝速度为1700—2000m／min；光纤直径控制精度为125±0．5um；涂层直径控制精度为245±5um，拉丝塔高度约30m。为降低单模光纤的PMD，在光纤拉丝塔上采用在线光纤扭转技术。本文探讨光纤拉丝技术中光纤冷却和涂覆的两个热点课题。     

基于亚波长悬浮芯光纤的高灵敏度气体传感器(英文)

数值分析了亚波长悬浮芯光纤在气体传感方面的应用。利用有限元法研究了相对灵敏度、有效模场面积、限制损耗与光纤参数包括纤芯直径和光纤材料折射率之间的关系。结果显示,相对灵敏度和限制损耗随着纤芯直径和光纤材料折射率的降低而增加。随着纤芯直径的减小,有效模场面积出现了先减小后增加的现象。增加包层孔直径能有效降低限制损耗,而相对灵敏度和有效模场面积保持不变。这些结果证明,亚波长悬浮芯光纤非常适合成为高灵敏度、大有效模场面积、低限制损耗的气体传感器。     

掺镱多模双包层光纤激光器弯曲选模研究

为了使大芯径多模双包层光纤激光器实现基模输出以抑制高功率双层光纤激光器中的非线性效应,采用将大芯径的多模双包层光纤适当弯曲进行选模使双包层光纤激光器获得单模激光输出的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证,取得了大芯径多模双包层光纤内包层折射率、纤芯半径、光纤内传输信号光波长、光纤弯曲半径等因素对弯曲损耗及激光器输出光场模式影响的数据,并采用国产掺镱多模双包层光纤进行了弯曲选模实验,实现了多模光纤激光器的单模输出.结果表明,激光器最大输出功率达9W,斜率效率达17.3%,输出为基模.这一结果对大芯径多模双包层光纤激光器的选模是有帮助的.     

弯曲损耗减小的渐变折射率塑料光纤的波导参数设计

为了消除光纤的弯曲损耗，甚至是恶劣弯曲条件下的弯曲损耗，日本Keio大学的科研人员对渐变折射率塑料光纤（GI—POF）的波导结构，如折射率分布、数值孔径（NA）和芯径进行了适当设计。当芯径小于200μm、NA大于0．25时，GI—POF在恶劣弯曲条件下的弯曲损耗明显减小。当芯径为200μm、NA为0．24时，即使在恶劣弯曲条件下GI—POF的弯曲损耗也消失了。首次试验证实。由弯曲引起的模式耦合导致了弯曲损耗。光纤弯曲前的模式耦合强度对弯曲损耗有很大的影响。通过相邻模之间的传播常数差△β评定了模式耦合强度。随芯径和NA而变的△β影响弯曲损耗。因此，根据邸的计算结果，日本Keio大学的科研人员提出适当设计GI—POF的波导参数的指导性意见，以便抑制弯曲损耗。     

多模与单模光纤级联系统对激光束的传输

分析了激光束在光纤中的非线性传输损耗,理论上证明了受激布里渊散射(SBS)是光纤传输能力的主要限制因素;实验上在532nm波段对长度为5m,纤芯半径为1.75μm,数值孔径(NA)为0.11的单模光纤的传输能力进行了测定,结果与理论一致。采用模场耦合理论,推导出多模光纤与单模光纤的直接耦合效率表达式,计算得到耦合效率与所选用的多模光纤和单模光纤的纤芯芯径之间的模拟关系。激光器输出波长为532nm;多模光纤的数值孔径为0.11,纤芯半径为12.5μm;单模光纤的数值孔径为0.11,纤芯半径为1.75μm,实验结果与理论基本吻合。根据理论和实验结果,设计出多模光纤与单模光纤混合传输方案,在柔性传输较高激光功率的同时可以得到高光束质量。     

单模-多模-单模光纤结构的温度特性研究

为提高基于单模-多模-单模(SMS)光纤结构 的温度传感器的温度灵敏性和非温度传感器的温度稳定 性提供科学依据,从而增强它们的实用性,研究了热光效应和热膨胀效应引起的SMS光纤结 构的温度特性。 通过分析SMS光纤结构的模式干涉原理和确定SMS光纤结构中受温度影响的参数及其与温度之 间的关系, 建立了分析普通多模光纤构成的SMS光纤结构温度特性的理论模型。进一步利用此模型分析 了不同多模光 纤纤芯直径下,多模光纤包层和纤芯的热光效应,以及多模光纤纤芯直径和长度的热膨胀效 应对SMS光纤 结构温度特性的影响。结果表明,多模光纤包层和纤芯的热光效应是影响SMS光纤结构温度 特性的第一和 第二因素,并且两种效应下的温度灵敏度均随多模光纤纤芯直径的减小而增大,但变化方向 相反;而多模 光纤的热膨胀效应对SMS光纤结构的温度特性影响很小,可以忽略;各热效应同时作用下, 多模光纤纤芯 直径对温度灵敏度基本没有影响,灵敏度约为12.5pm/℃。     

宽带宽,大数值孔径渐变型聚合物光纤

本文提出用一种新型大芯径折射率渐变聚合物光纤，来解决高速多媒体网络室内用单模石英光纤的连续问题。通过制备这种大数值孔径渐变型聚合物光纤、其弯曲直径为１０ｍｍ的弯曲损耗可从２０ｄＢ急剧减小到１ｄｂ以下，其带宽为５８５．２ＭＨｚ．ｋｍ，比任何现有的阶跃型聚合物光纤的带宽大１００倍，而在６５０ｎｍ波长处的衰减是１５０ｄＢ／ｋｍ。     

Chalcogenide glass fibers for mid-infrared transmission

Chalcogenide glass fibers for mid-infrared transmission have been fabricated in As-S, As-Ge-Se, and Ge-S glass systems using high purity materials. The preparation of unclad, Teflon FEP clad, and chalcogenide glass clad fibers and their transmission loss characteristics are reported. It is found that appropriate glass compositions for drawing low-loss fibers are limited to the narrow ranges in the glass-forming regions. The minimum losses obtained are 35 dB/km at 2.44μm for As40S60unclad fiber, 182 dB/km at 2.12 μm for As38Ge5Se57unclad fiber, and 148 dB/km at 1.68 μm for Ge20S80unclad fiber. It is shown that hydrogen impurity absorptions and short-wavelength weak absorption tails seriously enhance loss in the fibers. It is also suggested that ultralow loss cannot be achieved due to the existence of the weak absorption tail. However, it is expected that the chalcogenide glass fibers can be used in short fiber-length applications such as in the remote monitoring and delivery of CO laser radiation. This is due to their wide operating wavelength ranges of0.9-6mum for As-S,1.3-9mum for As-Ge-Se, and0.8-5mum for Ge-S, in which losses can be reduced to below 1 dB/m.     

High-speed drawing of optical fibers with pressurized coating

To make progress in high-speed drawing of optical fibers, a pressurized coating method was developed on the basis of viscous flow behavior of the coating resin. In a pressurized die, when the shear rate at the fiber surface is minimized, the pressure which is affected by the resin viscosity reaches on optimum condition, resulting in the coating diameter being dependent only on fiber and die diameters. Coating tension is given as a function of pressure so that it is closely related to the optimum pressure through the viscosity. Based on these fundamentals, a 1200-m/min drawing speed was achieved, indicating a smooth and uniform coating with good concentricity. It is clarified that fiber transmission loss does not fundamentally change in relation to the speed.     

铌酸理单晶光纤包层的实现及其光学特性

利用镁离子内扩散方法，实现了铌酸锂单晶光纤具有抛物折射率分布的芯－包层波导结构，并对镁离子内扩散包层后的晶纤进行了损耗测量，测得其损耗系数比镁离子内扩散前降低１４ｄＢ／ｃｍ的好结果。此外，还对镁离子内扩散前后晶纤的光斑形状进行了观察和比较。     

大尺寸预制棒高速拉丝技术研究

本文对Φ120-200mm预制棒、2000m/min高速拉丝技术进行了较为深入的研究.分别介绍了大尺寸预制棒高速拉丝对光纤衰减、翘曲度、不圆度、包层直径波动和强度方面的影响。通过对拉丝炉结构和光纤退火装置的改造,优化了拉丝炉温场和气流分布.大大改善了大尺寸预制棒高速拉丝光纤衰减、翘曲度、不圆度、包层直径波动和强度性能。     

PCVD单模光纤的均匀性研究

研究了用等离子体化学汽相沉积工艺(PCVD)制备单模光纤的均匀性问题。首先,给出了沿光纤轴向各段的衰减系数、模场直径、截止波长和几何尺寸的测量结果,然后,分别从化学汽相沉积原理和预制棒成丝流变学原理两个方面分析了熔炼和拉丝工艺对光纤均匀性的影响,进而提出了改善单模光纤均匀性的方法。本文的研究结果对制造优质单模光纤具有一定的指导作用。     

Thermal characteristics of optical delay in fibers used in pulsedlaser rangefinding

The transit times of light pulses as functions of temperature in nylon and acryl-coated fibers and hard-clad silica (HCS) fibers are analyzed theoretically and compared with the measured results. The effect of temperature on the transit time can be explained in terms of generally known models and the physical and thermal coefficients of the materials. The thermal effect in a core-cladding interface can have unpredictable consequences, however, as in HCS fibers. Because of the increased inhomogeneities at the interface of the core-cladding, the transit time of a light pulse increases, in contrast to that in a glass fiber, at lower temperatures. Thus the light pulses have larger angles of propagation than is shown by the numerical aperture of the fiber, and at the same time the attenuation of the fiber increases     

Infrared Optical Fibers

A state of the art review of nonsilica based infrared fibers is presented. Two types of fiber materials have been investigated--crystals and glasses. Crystal fiber work appears to be focused on development of short haul CO/sub 2/ laser power delivering lines at 10.6 µm. The maximum delivering power of the CW CO/sub 2/ laser has reached up to about 100 W by the polycrystalline KRS-5 fiber. A number of glass fibers are being developed in fluorides, sulfides and heavy metal oxides. The best optical attenuation of each glass fiber has been respectively reduced to 21 dB/km at 2.55 µm for ZrF/sub 4/-based glass fiber with a core-clad structure, 78 dB/km at 2.4 µm for As-S unclad glass fiber, and 13 dB/km at 2.05 µm (70 dB/km at 2.40 µm) for GeO/sub 2/-Sb/sub 2/O/sub 3/ glass fiber with a core-clad structure. Recent progress of these infrared fibers offers great potential for new wavelength fiber finks operating in the 2-10 µm region which have not been realized by silica-based fiber.     

Optical fiber drawing method with gas flow controlling system

A method for reducing the diameter variation of optical fibers during fiber drawing is described. The method is based on the control of gas flow and drawing speed. Rapid fluctuations in diameter are suppressed by adjusting the gas flow rate, and slower ones are controlled by changing the drawing speed. The efficiency of this method has been tested by applying stepwise disturbance of ±63% in preform feeding speed. Fluctuations of fiber diameter are controlled within ±1 μm despite the forced disturbance. By applying this method to high-speed drawing (30 m/min), a high-tensile-strength fiber, with diameter fluctuations within ±1 μm and transmission losses near the 0.85-μm wavelength region of approximately 3 dB/km, is achieved     

Effect of temperature rise and hydrostatic pressure on microbending loss and refractive index change in double-coated optical fiber

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of temperature rise and hydrostatic pressure on microbending loss, refractive index change, and stress components of a double-coated optical fiber by considering coating material parameters such as Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio.

It is shown that, when temperature rises, the microbending loss and refractive index changes would decrease with increase of thickness of primary coating layer and will increase after passing through a minima. Increase of thickness of secondary coating layer causes the microbending loss and refractive index changes to decrease.

We have shown that the temperature rise affecting the fiber makes the microbending loss and refractive index decrease, linearly. At a particular temperature, the microbending loss takes negative values, due to tensile pressure applied on the fiber.

The increase of Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio of primary coating would lower the microbending loss and refractive index change whereas in the secondary coating layer, the condition reverses.