脉冲紫外激光刻蚀聚苯硫醚表面形貌的演变规律

为拓宽聚苯硫醚(PPS)的应用范围,选用波长为355nm的纳秒脉冲紫外激光对其进行表面改性,详细探讨了激光脉冲能量密度和光斑搭接率对PPS表面微观形貌的影响规律,并利用扫描电镜和表面探针轮廓仪对其进行了表征。结果表明,随着激光能量密度的增加(搭接率不变),激光与PPS的相互作用由光化学作用为主转变为光热协同作用,PPS表面由孔洞结构逐渐转变为熔融状结构,且表面粗糙度呈现先增大后减小再持续增加的趋势;在激光能量密度一定时,由于横向与纵向搭接引起的热积累不同,横向搭接率的增加(纵向搭接率保持不变)将导致PPS表面逐渐汽化,产生横向沟槽结构;而纵向搭接的增加(横向搭接率保持不变)主要使PPS表面点阵或沟槽结构逐渐被熔融物覆盖。     

纳秒脉冲激光照射对多壁碳纳米管薄膜形貌的影响

采用化学气相沉积法(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)自制的碳纳米管阵列为原料,经过研磨、灼烧纯化得到分散的多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs).采用纳秒脉冲激光(波长355 nm),分别在不同条件下对丝网印刷法制备的MWCNTs薄膜进行照射.扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)表征结果表明,进行相互垂直的双向扫描照射的效果明显好于单向扫描照射的效果,即由前者得到的MWCNTs的网状结构的立体感更明显,单位面积的MWCNTs端点更多;随着脉冲激光能量密度的逐渐增加,突出于表面的MWCNTs端点逐渐增多,以MWCNTs为主的网状分布的轮廓逐渐清晰;脉冲激光重复频率的增加,也有利于改善MWCNTs薄膜表面的形貌.经过脉冲激光能量51.0μJ(1.03 W)、频率20 kHz的脉冲激光照射后,得到以MWCNTs为主的、立体感显著、比较稀疏的网状分布结构,且单位面积的MWCNTs端点数目显著增多.     

激光选区熔化成型316L不锈钢的工艺参数对硬度与微观组织的影响

激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting,SLM)技术能够制备复杂的一体化空间构件,是金属增材制造的主要方法之一.然而,目前SLM技术仍存在一些问题,如工艺参数对性能的影响规律复杂等,这极大地限制了SLM技术的推广和应用.因此,选择激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距和相邻层之间的旋转角度四种SLM工艺参数进行分析,设计正交实验,制备了316L不锈钢材料的试样,表征了SLM成型试样的尺寸精度、相对密度和硬度,并观察其宏观结构和微观组织.以激光能量密度为因变量,研究其对成型316L不锈钢材料性能的影响,实现了多输入变量到单输入变量的降维,简化了SLM工艺参数对成型材料力学性能和微观结构的复杂影响规律.结果表明,当输入的激光能量密度在65～90 J/m3之间时,316L不锈钢的相对密度在99.6％以上;当激光功率为180 W、扫描速度为870 mm/s时,316L不锈钢的晶粒均匀,其形状近似正六边形,晶粒度为0.4μm.SLM成型的316L不锈钢相对密度与硬度有一定的关联性,当相对密度高于99.0％时,试样的硬度较高,约为250HV.     

纳秒激光辐照对类金刚石薄膜的损伤及改性

利用Nd:YAG纳秒激光(波长分别为355、532和1 064 nm)辐照由电子束蒸发技术制备的类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,通过光学显微镜、光学轮廓仪和拉曼光谱仪等分析了辐照后的薄膜样品,结果表明:不同波长的单脉冲激光辐照时,DLC膜的激光损伤阈值不同;同一波长的多脉冲激光辐照时,损伤阈值低于单脉冲辐照阈值;脉冲激光辐照对DLC膜具有改性作用,受辐照薄膜区域表层发生了石墨化、剥落和气化效应,致使DLC膜表面出现了隆起和弹坑,隆起高度和弹坑深度与激光能量密度大小和脉冲个数有关.     

飞秒激光不锈钢表面陷光微结构的制备与性能研究

利用飞秒激光高真空环境下,在316L不锈钢表面两次交叉扫描制备了周期性微纳结构,并研究了微纳结构对波长范围200~900nm的光波的吸收增强能力。样品表面的微结构的形貌与成分采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪测试。第1次扫描采用高能流激光,获得了微米级锥状钉结构,表面覆盖了典型的激光诱导周期性表面结构(LIPSS)。然后将样品旋转90°,采用能流为0.02J/cm2的激光进行第二次扫描,路径与第1次扫描相交。第1次扫描的结构中的LIPSS被第2次低能流激光打断纳米颗粒,从而与锥状钉结构结合形成双尺度微结构。反射率测试结果表明,这 种 双 尺 度 微 结 构 表 面 的 平 均 反 射 率 约为2.28%,为光滑表面平均反射率的3.42%。结合XRD分析结果,不锈钢表面获得强陷光性能主要归因于飞秒激光制备的微结构。     

飞秒激光不锈钢表面陷光微结构的制备与性能研究

利用飞秒激光在高真空环境下,在316L不锈钢表面两次交叉扫描制备了周期性微纳结构,并研究了微纳结构对波长范围200~900nm的光波的吸收增强能力。样品表面微结构形貌与成分采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪测试。第1次扫描采用高能流激光,获得了微米级锥状钉结构,表面覆盖了典型的激光诱导周期性表面结构(LIPSS)。然后将样品旋转90°,采用能流为0.02J/cm2的激光进行第2次扫描,路径与第1次扫描相交。第1次扫描的结构中的LIPSS被第2次低能流激光打断纳米颗粒,从而与锥状钉结构结合形成双尺度微结构。反射率测试结果表明,这种双尺度微结构表面的平均反射率约为2.28%,为光滑表面平均反射率的3.42%。结合XRD分析结果,不锈钢表面获得强陷光性能主要归因于飞秒激光制备的微结构。     

冠状动脉支架激光精密切割

系统地研究了影响冠脉支架激光精细雕刻切口质量的因素,包括激光器切割工艺参数:波长1064nm,光斑直径2～3mm,脉宽12～15μs,脉冲频率1000～1200Hz,平均功率15W,脉冲能量10～15mJ;切割速度:30cm/min;辅助气体O2压力0.2～0.4MPa;喷嘴与工件表面距离L=4.09mm.建立了激光切割过程温度场的数学模型.结果表明冠脉支架筋宽理论值与实际切割值存在±0.01mm误差,由阿贝-赫梅特判据判定激光切割系统存在周期性系统误差.确定了316L不锈钢冠脉支架Nd-YAG激光器精细加工工艺参数,实现了冠状动脉支架精度为0.01mm的激光精密切割.     

316L不锈钢支架表面EVAL涂层的制备及性能研究

采用超声-喷涂沉积的方法,在316L不锈钢表面制得聚乙烯-乙烯醇涂层。利用原子力显微镜、接触角测量仪及扫描电镜对涂层表面形貌及性能进行研究。结果表明,316L不锈钢基体、S-EVAL涂层和USEVAL涂层的表面粗糙度Ra分别为123.677,14.994和2.830 nm。S-EVAL涂层和US-EVAL涂层表面接触角分别为75.6和74.3°,均小于316L不锈钢基体接触角。超声-喷涂沉积US-EVAL涂层血小板粘附量最少。     

多脉冲飞秒激光精修面齿轮的烧蚀形貌研究

针对材质为18Cr2Ni4WA的面齿轮,采用飞秒脉冲激光烧蚀来提高其表面质量。建立电子-自旋-晶格三温复耦合模型,预测分析面齿轮材料电子、自旋和晶格单脉冲能量效应下的温度变化过程;结合多脉冲能量累积效应,进行面齿轮材料在激光能量密度为1.035~5.252 J/cm2下烧蚀凹坑直径和深度演变规律的预测与实验分析。研究结果表明：脉冲数的增加并不会持续增大面齿轮表面的平衡温度,基本在30个脉冲时就保持不变;能量密度的增加会使烧蚀凹坑直径和深度持续变大,但变大的速率会持续降低;烧蚀凹坑形貌在能量密度为2.467 J/cm2时最好;过大的扫描道间距会使被加工表面粗糙度值增加,扫描道间距为25 μm时粗糙度值最低为0.185 μm。     

316L不锈钢薄板焊缝成形及力学性能研究

目的 减少1 mm厚度316L不锈钢薄板在焊接生产过程中出现的缺陷等问题,并提高不锈钢薄板焊缝成形质量和焊接接头力学性能。方法 采用脉冲激光焊接技术实现对厚度1 mm的316L不锈钢薄板的精确焊接,并利用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、万能拉伸试验机和扫描电镜对焊缝的表面形貌、微观结构、力学性能、断口形貌进行表征分析。结果 当激光功率为403 W、输出电流为150 A、焊接速度为150 mm/min、离焦量为−5.525 mm时,焊缝正反面的形貌规则无缺陷。焊缝区内的微观结构主要由δ-铁素体和奥氏体2种晶粒构成,相较于母材及热影响区,焊缝区晶粒尺寸更细小均匀,平均硬度为156HV,表现出更高的硬度特性。焊接接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度均值分别达到643.28 MPa和305.95 MPa,相对于母材的强度分别提高了7%和49%;平均断后伸长率为37.2%,达到原始母材伸长率的55%;断裂呈现韧性断裂的塑性变形和延展性特征。结论 优化调整焊接工艺参数后,1 mm厚度316L不锈钢薄板的焊缝成形质量提高,无缺陷且微观组织分布均匀,焊接接头强度显著提高。     

基于激光二维散射原理在线测量表面粗糙度

针对现有零件表面粗糙度测量仪器操作复杂,现场测量能力差的问题,提出一种基于激光二维散射的在线测量方法,该方法不仅可以测量表面粗糙度的统计参数,而且可以反映出表面纹理的形貌特征.在测量中,用无衍射激光光束作光源,用高精度的CCD摄像机作位移传感器,利用Matlab进行表面粗糙度测量数据采集与处理,使表面粗糙度在线检测成为...     

Diffraction-Based Strategy for Monitoring Topographical Features Fabricated by Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Process monitoring in laser-based manufacturing has become a forward-looking strategy for industrial-scale laser machines to increase process reliability, efficiency, and economic profit. Moreover, monitoring techniques are successfully used in laser surface texturing workstations to improve and guarantee the quality of the produced workpieces by analyzing the resulting surface topography. Herein, dot-like periodic surface structures are fabricated on stainless steel samples by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) using a 70 ps-pulsed laser system at an operating wavelength of 532 nm. A scatterometry-based measurement device is utilized to indirectly determine the mean depth and spatial period of the produced topography by analyzing the recorded diffraction patterns. As a result, the average depth and the spatial period of the dot-like structures can be estimated with a relative error below 15% and 2%, respectively. This new process monitoring approach enables a significant improvement in quality assurance in DLIP processing.     

Surface Modification of Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Using Femtosecond Direct Laser Interference Patterning: A Study of the Optoelectronic Performance

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are used in solar cells not only to extract photogenerated carriers but also to allow sunlight to reach the photoactive material. Therefore, controlling the electrical and optical properties of such oxides is crucial for the optimization of the efficiency of solar cells. Herein, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) method is used to control the surface morphology, optical and electrical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) by applying femtosecond laser pulses. The topography characterization reveals periodic line-like microstructures with a period of 3.0 μm and average heights between 20 and 185 nm, depending on the applied laser fluence levels. Laser-induced periodic surface structures are observed on the valleys of the texture aligned perpendicularly to the laser radiation polarization. A relative increase in the average total and diffuse optical transmittance up to 5% and 500%, respectively, is obtained in the 400–800 nm spectral range as a consequence of the generated micro- and nanostructures. Calculations of two figures of merit suggest that the texturing of FTO might enhance the efficiency of solar cells, in particular dye-sensitized (DSSCs). The findings of this study confirm that DLIP is a convenient technique for structuring electrodes for highly efficient optoelectronic devices.     

高Q平面环形微腔的制备以及测试

采用MEMS工艺制备平面微盘腔,再通过二氧化碳激光熔融其表面形成为环状结构,通过三维形貌微系统分析仪、原子力显微镜分别测试了其外部尺寸和表面粗糙度,实验结果表明,锥形光纤近场耦合测得微腔品质因素为4.8×105,耦合效率在95%以上,因此激光回流微的方式在得到了新的结构的同时保证了光腔的性能。     

Binocular imaging of a laser stripe and approximation networks for shape detection

A technique for shape detection based on binocular imaging of a laser stripe is presented. In this technique, the object shape is recovered by means of laser stripe projection and binocular imaging. The approach of the binocular imaging in this technique is to avoid stripe occlusions, which appear due to the variation to the object surface. Based on the behavior of the stripe displacement, the object topography is computed by a Bezier approximation network. By means of this network, the measurements of the binocular geometry are avoided. The parameters of the binocular imaging are computed based on the Bezier approximation network. To reconstruct the topography, the object is scanned by a laser stripe. From the scanning, a set of binocular images of the stripe are processed to compute the object dimensions by means of the network. By applying Bezier approximation networks, the performance of the binocular imaging and the accuracy are improved. It is because the errors of the measurement are not added to the computational procedure, which performs the shape reconstruction. This procedure represents a contribution for the stripe projection methods and the binocular imaging. To describe the accuracy a root mean square of error is calculated. This technique is tested with real objects and its experimental results are presented. Also, the time processing is described. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 62–74, 2007     

Nanostructured thin film formation on femtosecond laser-textured Ti-35Nb-xZr alloy for biomedical applications

The aim of this study was to investigate the nanostructured thin film formation on femtosecond (FS) laser-textured Ti-35Nb-xZr alloy for biomedical applications. The initial surface roughening treatment involved irradiation with the FS laser in ambient air. After FS laser texturing, nanotubes were formed on the alloy surface using a potentiostat and a 1 M H₃PO₄ solution containing 0.8 wt.% NaF with an applied cell voltage of 10 V for 2 h. The surface phenomena were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and a cell proliferation test. It was found that nanostructured Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys after FS laser texturing had a hybrid surface topography with micro and nano scale structures, which should provide very effective osseointegration.     

Influence of laser-mechanical treatment on surface topography,erosive wear and contact stiffness

This paper presents the study of surface topography, erosive wear and contact stiffness after the new hybrid method has been applied for the modification of steel surface layer. A combination of laser alloying and the burnishing process, both performed in laser set up, was proposed in order to reduce surface roughness being formed during laser treatment, and to improve contact stiffness. The experiments were conducted on stainless steel, alloyed with Stellite 6, and simultaneously burnished in hot and cold conditions in one operation. The alloying process was performed with continuous laser CO₂ at different parameters. The influence of hybrid treatment parameters on surface topography was examined. This hybrid treatment reconstructed the surface topography and caused an increase in surface smoothness compared to laser alloying. More than a threefold decrease in the average level of roughness, S_a, due to the burnishing process was stated. A good correlation between the parameters of hybrid treatment and roughness was demonstrated. The study shows that laser-mechanical treatment improves erosive wear and contact stiffness compared to laser alloyed and thermal sprayed Stellite 6 layers.     

利用脉冲激光真空弧沉积技术制备类金刚石薄膜

介绍了一种新的脉冲激光真空弧沉积技术, 利用该技术在硅基片上制备了类金刚石薄膜. 利用激光拉曼分析技术对沉积膜进行了结构分析, 结果表明沉积膜为非晶结构, 具有明显的sp³ 结构特征. 同时利用纳米划痕压痕仪、原子力显微镜等分析设备对膜的表面形貌、微观摩擦学性能进行了分析, 结果表明Si<100>基片上沉积膜的表面形貌和微观摩擦学性能略优于 Si<111>基片上沉积的薄膜, 其摩擦系数平均值为0.036.     

Laser‐Assisted Strain Engineering of Thin Elastomer Films to Form Variable Wavy Substrates for Cell Culture

Endothelial and epithelial cells usually grow on a curved environment, at the surface of organs, which many techniques have tried to reproduce. Here a simple method is proposed to control curvature of the substrate. Prestrained thin elastomer films are treated by infrared laser irradiation in order to rigidify the surface of the film. Wrinkled morphologies are produced upon stress relaxation for irradiation doses above a critical value. Wrinkle wavelength and depth are controlled by the prestrain, the laser power, and the speed at which the laser scans the film surface. Stretching of elastomer substrates with a “sand clock”‐width profile enables the generation of a stress gradient, which results in patterns of wrinkles with a depth gradient. Thus, different combinations of topography changes on the same substrate can be generated. The wavelength and the depth of the wrinkles, which have the characteristic values within a range of several tens of µm, can be dynamically regulated by the substrate reversible stretching. It is shown that these anisotropic features are efficient substrates to control polarization of cell shapes and orientation of their migration. With this approach a flexible tool is provided for a wide range of applications in cell biophysics studies.     

镁合金激光表面改性研究进展

综述了激光表面改性（激光表面重熔、激光表面合金化、激光表面熔敷、激光多层熔数）的研究与应用，最后提出了存在的问题和努力的方向。