表面等离子共振法测量纳米级金属薄膜厚度数值分析（英文）

针对纳米级金属薄膜厚度测量的需求,建立了基于表面等离子共振(SPR)法膜厚测量的数学模型,并以K9棱镜-金膜-空气组成的Kretschmann结构为耦合装置,对SPR方法的光强、相位、波长、角度4种调制模式进行数值分析,介绍了这4种调制模式的原理,并对其传感器的测量范围、灵敏度等参数进行了分析.结果表明:光强型SPR装置的测量范围最大,相位型SPR装置的灵敏度最高.在实际金属薄膜厚度测量的应用中,除了传感器的测量范围和灵敏度外,还需考虑其后续处理装置、算法的复杂性及性价比,结合诸多因素选择合适的SPR传感器.     

表面等离子共振双光束差分研究和数值模拟

为提高光强调制型表面等离子共振传感器的灵敏度和抗干扰能力,本文提出了一种采用双光束差分光强的SPR检测新方法.通过对该方法的理论计算和数值模拟分析,得到了不同入射角和不同金膜厚度时,反射光强差与样品折射率之间的关系曲线.研究表明,与传统的光强调制方法相比,当两束光入射角相差5°,金膜厚度在40～50 nm时,该方法是有更高的灵敏度和更宽的测量范围,并且由于采用了光强差分技术,大大提高了传感器的抗干扰性和稳定性.     

金纳米锥阵列与金薄膜耦合结构表面等离子体折射率传感研究

设计了基于SiO₂薄膜间隔的金纳米锥与金薄膜耦合结构表面等离子体共振折射率传感器。使用时域有限差分法研究了复合结构中的表面等离子体共振模式,复合结构不仅能够激发局域表面等离子体共振,也可激发传播表面等离子体共振。入射电磁波的能量部分通过单个金纳米锥耦合到局域表面等离子体,部分通过金纳米锥阵列二维光栅耦合到传播表面等离子体。在待测物折射率1.30～1.40的范围内,对复合结构的反射光谱进行了模拟研究,发现共振波长与分析物折射率呈线性关系,且由于局域和传播表面等离子体的高效激发,反射光谱共振峰处的反射率几乎为零。此外,在最优的金纳米锥几何参数下,传播表面等离子体共振模式的半高全宽非常窄,灵敏度和品质因数分别达到770 nm/RIU和113 RIU^-1,具有良好的折射率传感性能。所设计的复合结构作为表面等离子体共振传感器有望广泛应用于生物检测领域。     

纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的应用进展

目的研究纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的应用进展。方法介绍表面等离子共振(SPR)原理和近几年来纳米材料在SPR生物传感器中的应用研究现状,并重点综述常见的几种纳米材料(包括金纳米粒子、金纳米棒、银纳米粒子、磁纳米粒子、石墨烯和量子点)在SPR生物传感器中的应用新进展。结果 SPR生物传感器是对表面折射率变化敏感的一项分析技术,然而,传统的SPR传感器无法检测极小的折射率变化,这就阻碍了其在超灵敏检测中的应用。结论采用纳米材料提高SPR检测灵敏度和特异性是SPR技术发展的必然趋势。     

差分式强度检测型表面等离子共振传感器的研究

针对表面等离子共振(SPR)传感器需要昂贵的角度转动或光谱分析装置的缺点,提出了采用双LD进行差分光强检测折射率变化的方法.该方法基于等离子共振原理,采用两个波长对应的反射光强差来实现对介质折射率变化量的传感,设计了参考光路,以消除光源波动带来的影响.理论分析及实验表明,这种方法比单LD光强检测方法的灵敏度提高了近一倍.由于没有使用角度检测装置及光谱仪,易于实现仪器的小型化.可通过调整入射角和采用不同光源的方法来实现不同区间的折射率测量.     

金属纳米颗粒在表面等离激元共振生物传感器上的应用

文章研究不同形状和长径比的金属纳米颗粒应用在表面等离激元共振（SPR）生物传感器中对传感信号的影响,自制金属纳米颗粒并进行物理表征,以金纳米颗粒与抗兔IgG进行生物偶联,利用自制角度检测型SPR生物传感器对兔IgG抗体进行检测,结果表明,金属颗粒的形状和长径比对SPR传感器的共振角都有影响,金纳米棒能够明显提高SPR生物传感器的检测灵敏度。     

纳米TiO2/ITO复合薄膜的光诱导亲水性研究

本文采用直流反应磁控溅射法及能量过滤磁控溅射技术,以玻璃为衬底制备了纳米TiO2薄膜和纳米TiO2/ITO复合薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD) 、扫描电镜(SEM) 、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS) 、椭偏光谱仪(VASE型)和接触角测定等手段对薄膜进行了表征.研究表明:纳米TiO2/ITO复合薄膜表面水的初始接触角较纳米TiO2薄膜明显减小,ITO膜层的存在抑制了光生载流子的复合,在紫外光照射5min后接触角迅速下降,紫外光照射30min后接近0°,亲水性较纳米TiO2薄膜有明显提高;应用能量过滤磁控溅射技术制备的薄膜晶粒尺寸减小至10nm左右,薄膜表面平整,吸收边波长"蓝移"至320nm;纳米TiO2/ITO复合薄膜在可见光波段的透过率下降至60%左右,较纳米TiO2薄膜的80%明显降低.     

TiO2染料敏化薄膜的制备与结构表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法添加聚乙二醇表面活性剂制备了TiO2纳米粒子,采用滚压涂敷法在玻璃基底上制得TiO2纳米多孔薄膜,采用吸附法对多孔薄膜表面进行染料敏化处理.染料敏化处理前后,薄膜的微结构没有改变,但薄膜表面的成分发生了改变.对薄膜进行了XPS,AFM,SEM和XRD分析.结果表明,TiO2纳米晶薄膜中纳米粒子晶型为锐钛矿,薄膜具有网络多孔结构,TiO2粒子的粒径在20～30nm间,薄膜中空穴的孔径在50～150nm不等,未敏化处理的薄膜空隙中吸附了大量的氧,薄膜敏化处理后,表面的吸附氧被敏化剂分子中的氧取代,染料敏化剂分子通过化学吸附在薄膜表面.     

表面等离子共振氢敏传感器理论和模拟

提出了一种钯(Pd)膜氢敏感表面等离子共振传感器结构,该传感器以镀在棱镜端面的 Pd作为氢敏感膜。Pd 膜吸氢以后发生化学反应,生成的 PdHx使折射率发生变化,同时,它作为金属膜产生 SPW,当折射率变化时又在金属和介质表面产生表面等离子共振。利用 Fortran 语言程序进行了表面等离子共振氢敏传感器的 Pd 膜厚度和传感器灵敏度数值模拟。氢气浓度的变化引起折射率的变化,数值模拟表明,表面等离子共振氢敏传感器的灵敏度与 Pd 膜厚度有关,当 Pd膜的厚度在 10-30nm 时,氢气浓度在 1%-10%范围内具有较高的灵敏度。这种传感器结构将用于监测氢气作燃料的商用和军用机车的氢气泄漏。     

敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔膜电极的制备与表征

研究了染料敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜电极的制备、表征及其光电转换性质，采用溶胶－凝胶法液压涂层制备了TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜，在无水乙醇中利用薄膜吸附染料2，2′－联吡啶－4，4′－二甲酸合硫氰酸钌进行敏化处理，并利用XPS、AFM、XRD、SEM杉可见－紫外分光光度仪对敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜进行了表征分析。研究结果表明：薄膜中纳米粒子晶型主要为锐钛矿，粒径在20-30nm，多孔薄膜的孔径在50－200nm；染料敏化多孔薄膜表面吸附了一个单分子层的染料分子，敏化薄膜对可见光有很强的吸收作用，用此薄膜制作的太阳能电池具有较高的光电转化效率，电池效率达到2％，这种薄膜电极改进后可用于制作敏化太阳能电池的光阳极。     

A study of the dynamic properties of photo-induced charge carriers at nanoporous TiO(2)/conductive substrate interfaces by the transient photovoltage technique

Two interfaces with opposite orientations of the built-in electric field, nanoporous TiO(2)?film/ FTO electrode and nanoporous TiO(2) film/semitransparent Pt substrate, were constructed. The separation and transport of photo-induced charge carriers in the two systems of nanoporous TiO(2)/conductive substrate were studied by the transient photovoltage technique. Various transient photovoltage responses were obtained when the laser beam was incident from the surface of the nanoporous TiO(2) film (top illumination) or the TiO(2)/substrate interface (bottom illumination). A linear and a logarithmic dependence of the photovoltage amplitude on the excitation level were observed for top illumination and bottom illumination, respectively. The results indicate that diffusion is the major way for the separation of charge carriers in the nanoporous TiO(2) film and that the excess carriers were separated by drift under the built-in electric field at the TiO(2)/substrate interfaces.     

Dispersion relation of guided-mode resonances in multimode grating waveguide structures

It is well known that the location of guided-mode resonance (GMR) in grating waveguide structures closely tracks the leaky mode dispersion curves. In this paper, taking Bragg reflection due to periodicity and interaction between different modes into account, we first present a schematic diagram of the dispersion relations of leaky modes in multimode grating waveguide structures, both for s-polarized (TE mode) and p-polarized (TM mode) incident waves. Due to the perturbation of the grating layer, the interaction between different resonance modes (transverse standing waves) is inevitable. This transverse interference will result in the non-Bragg nature resonance band gaps in the dispersion curves. Exploiting the characteristics of leaky mode dispersions over the full range of the first Brillouin zone, we hoped we could gain some insight into the relationship among the mode interactions, band gaps, and their benefits to optical elements utilizing the GMR effect in grating waveguide structures. Finally, a specific structure is analyzed.     

Fast fabrication of long TiO2 nanotube array with high photoelectrochemical property on flexible stainless steel

Oriented highly ordered long TiO2 nanotube array films with nanopore structure and high photoelectrochemical property were fabricated on flexible stainless steel substrate (50 microm) by anodization treatment of titanium thin films in a short time. The samples were characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectrochemical methods, respectively. The results showed that Ti films deposited at the condition of 0.7 Pa Ar pressure and 96 W sputtering power at room temperature was uniform and dense with good homogeneity and high crystallinity. The voltage and the anodization time both played significant roles in the formation of TiO2 nanopore-nanotube array film. The optimal voltage was 60 V and the anodization time is less than 30 min by anodizing Ti films in ethylene glycerol containing 0.5% (w) NH4F and 3% (w) H2O. The growth rate of TiO2 nanotube array was as high as 340 nm/min. Moreover, the photocurrent-potential curves, photocurrent response curves and electrochemical impedance spectra results indicated that the TiO2 nanotube array film with the nanoporous structure exhibited a better photo-response ability and photoelectrochemical performance than the ordinary TiO2 nanotube array film. The reason is that the nanoporous structure on the surface of the nanotube array can separate the photo electron-hole pairs more efficiently and completely than the tubular structure.     

柔性可编织Ti丝/TiO2纳米多孔膜光阳极的制备及其光电催化性能研究

半导体光电催化是一种可高效降解各类污染物的技术,其关键在于开发高效、易回收且性能稳定的光阳极。利用阳极氧化法在柔性Ti丝表面原位生长TiO₂纳米多孔薄膜,最终制得的薄膜孔径约为85 nm,厚度约为10 μm。Ti丝/TiO₂纳米多孔膜复合物具有良好的柔性,将其编织成质量为0.25 g、面积约为36 cm²的织物光阳极,并进行光电催化实验。结果表明：光照下,随着偏压从0 V增加到0.6 V,光电流从0 mA上升至0.32 mA。在0.6 V外加电压以及可见光光照120 min后,溶液中的罗丹明B降解效率高达87.8%,明显高于光催化时的60.0%和电催化时的3.6%。循环使用4次后,光阳极仍对罗丹明B保持着85.0%的降解效率,展现了良好的稳定性。因此,Ti丝/TiO₂纳米多孔膜光阳极在光电催化降解污染物上具有较好的应用前景。     

Protein Adsorption on Nanocrystalline TiO(2) Films: An Immobilization Strategy for Bioanalytical Devices

We have investigated the use of optically transparent, nanoporous TiO(2) films as substrates for protein immobilization. Immobilization on such films may be readily achieved from aqueous solutions at 4 °C. The nanoporous structure of the film greatly enhances the active surface area available for protein binding (by a factor of 150 for a 4-μm-thick film). We demonstrate that the redox state of immobilized cytochrome c may be modulated by the application of an electrical bias potential to the TiO(2) film and that the fluorescence yield of immobilized fluorophore-labeled maltose-binding protein may be used to monitor specifically maltose concentration. We conclude that nanoporous TiO(2) films may be useful both for basic studies of protein/electrode interactions and for the development of array-based bioanalytical devices employing both optical and electrochemical signal transduction methodologies.     

纳米多孔SiO2/PI杂化薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用碱催化正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的溶胶-凝胶法与分子模板法相结合,通过旋转涂覆在硅衬底上制备了掺杂聚酰亚胺(PI)的纳米多孔SiO2薄膜,并利用差热分析(DSC-TGA)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、台阶仪(Atom-ic-Profiler)等对薄膜的性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,所制备的SiO2/PI杂化多孔薄膜为多孔的无定型结构,具有较好的热稳定性及力学性能,一层膜和两层膜的平均孔径分别为68和72nm,厚度分别为917和1288nm.     

柱状晶形貌TiO2膜厚对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃光催化活性影响

采用溶胶凝胶法,在FTO(SnO2:F)低辐射镀膜玻璃衬底上制备了柱状晶体结构的TiO2薄膜,获得双层结构FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品.研究了TiO2薄膜厚度对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品的光催化活性、低辐射性能以及透光性能的影响.结果表明,FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品光催化活性随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加先升高后下降,在TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时光催化活性最佳;低辐射性能随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加而下降,但TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时仍然具备一定的低辐射性能;透光性能与TiO2薄膜膜厚的关系不大,可见光透射比保持在72%左右;表面平均粗糙度约为1 nm,表面光滑,不易沾染油污灰尘.该镀膜玻璃在保证低辐射建筑节能和透光的前提下,兼具光催化自清洁功能,具有很好的应用前景.     

TiO2 nano-particle-dispersed polyimide composite optical waveguide materials through reverse micelles

Optically transparent polyimide : titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite waveguide materials were prepared by the dispersion of nano-sized TiO2 particles into polyimide. The particles were produced through reverse micelles using the sol–gel method, and were dispersed into the fluorinated polyimide solution. The solution was coated on a glass substrate, and a polyimide : TiO2 composite waveguide (4 wt% TiO2 concentration) was successfully produced after the heat treatment. Because the particle size was very small, no noticeable scattering loss was observed in the resultant slab waveguide. The measured optical propagation loss at 633 nm was 1.4 dB cm-1. It is equivalent to that of the pure polyimide, and the refractive index was increased from 1.550 to 1.560 by the incorporation. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Morphology controlled fabrication and ferroelectric properties of vertically aligned one-dimensional lead titanate nanoarrays

Vertically aligned nanowires and highly uniform nanoporous array thin films of PbTiO(3) are synthesized by varying anodic oxidation conditions of Ti foil followed by hydrothermal reaction in an aqueous Pb(II) acetate trihydrate solution. As-synthesized samples have single crystalline nanowire structure and polycrystalline nanoporous structure, although both are pure PbTiO(3) with a tetragonal phase. The structure of intermediate TiO(2) films obtained from different anodic oxidation conditions determines the structure of the product PbTiO(3). The relationships between these morphological structures and ferroelectric properties are investigated. Piezoresponse force microscopy reveals that both these films show ferroelectricity with clear phase contrast and well-defined hysteresis loops. The saturated longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient field (E(c)) of the nanowire sample is smaller than that of nanoporous thin film. Thus, polarization of nanowire thin film is larger in magnitude and easier to flip than that of nanoporous film.     

Photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering method

Nanosized TiO2 thin film on the substrate such as stainless steel plate and slide glass film were prepared by magnetron sputtering method, and these TiO2 thin films were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Photocatalytic activity for Methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) and acetaldehyde were measured using a closed circulating reaction system through the various ultra violet (UV) sources. From the results of SEM images, nanosized TiO2 thin film was uniformly coated on slide glass, ranging from 360 nm to 370 nm. Photocatalytic activity of MEK over TiO2 thin film on stainless steel plate did not occur by UV-A irradiation, but was efficiently decomposed by UV-B and UV-C. Also, acetaldehyde could be decomposed than MEK. The effect of sputtering conditions on their structure and photocatalytic activities were investigated in detail.