聚丙烯/玻璃微珠复合材料的研究进展

综述了近些年聚丙烯(PP)/玻璃微珠(GB)复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能、流变性能、结晶性能以及其他性能等的最新研究进展。与纯PP相比,PP/GB复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度显著提高;GB经硅烷偶联剂表面处理后,PP/GB复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度进一步提高;GB的加入使PP/GB复合材料的储能模量和损耗模量非线性增大。由于GB具有滚珠轴承效应,一定量的GB可以提高PP熔体的流动性;GB还可以提高复合材料的玻璃化转变温度、负荷变形温度、结晶度及结晶温度;PP/GB复合材料的制备工艺中,双螺杆挤出工艺的塑化效果要优于单螺杆挤出工艺。     

纳米碳酸钙改性聚丙烯力学性能及微观形态的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了均聚聚丙烯(PP)/活性纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)复合材料,并用注射机注射了标准拉伸、弯曲及冲击样条。研究了不同nano-CaCO3质量分数(1%～8%)对复合材料力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了复合材料冲击断面的形貌及nano-CaCO3的分散情况。结果表明,与纯PP相比,加入nano-CaCO3后,复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低,而弯曲强度、弯曲模量呈增加趋势,简支梁、悬臂梁冲击强度呈先增加后减小的趋势。     

PP/LLDPE共混体系的研究

研究了聚丙烯(PP)／线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混体系的形态结构与宏观性能之间的关系。对共混用的PP和LLDPE品种以及共混的工艺路线进行了选择；采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和偏光显微镜(PLY)观察了PP／LLDPE微观形态结构，并测试了力学性能和热性能。结果表明：屈服强度、拉伸模量、维卡软化点降低；当LLDPE用量增大时，随着LLDPE用量增加，材料的冲击强度增加，而拉伸共混体系形成互穿网络结构，具有良好的综合性能。     

竹纤维/玻璃纤维混杂增强聚丙烯复合材料

对竹纤维(BF)进行前处理,通过双螺杆挤出机制备竹纤维和玻璃纤维(GF)混杂增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。初步探讨经前处理的竹纤维、玻璃纤维的含量对复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度、弯曲模量随着玻璃纤维的含量增加而提高,同时PP的结晶速率及结晶度也有所提高。SEM照片表明玻璃纤维的加入改善了竹纤维在PP的分散性。     

聚丙烯／玻璃微珠复合材料性能研究

采用熔融挤出成型方法制备了聚丙烯（PP）／玻璃微珠（GB）复合材料,研究了GB含量及粒径对复合材料的性能与收缩率的影响。结果表明,随GB含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲模量及热变形温度增加,但拉伸强度及收缩率下降,而流动性与冲击强度先增大后减少。同时也发现,相比大粒径而言,小粒径GB对改善复合材料的性能更为有效,而且大小粒径GB复配体系收缩率要小于各自体系的收缩率。     

PEG对PLA/Ecoflex复合材料性能的影响

用双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出制备了聚乳酸聚己二酸／对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PLA／PBAT）复合材料,并研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）对复合材料的增容作用。结果表明,少量PEG的加入使复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量都得到了显著改善,冲击强度略有增加;PEG增加了复合材料中PLA与PBAT链段的相互作用,使复合材料相容性有所提高。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料制备与功能性研究

本工作用均匀设计法研究了偶联剂改性蒙脱土(MMT)及其聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的优化设计,在双螺杆挤出机上经熔融插层制备复合材料.研究表明:改性MMT使PP悬臂梁缺口冲击强度和弯曲模量分别提高90%和20%以上:弯曲强度与拉伸断裂应变变化较小.该PP/MMT复合材料的阻隔性提高17%左右.     

PP/POE共混体系及PP/POE/Nano-CaCO_3复合体系力学性能的研究

应用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)共混体系和PP/POE/纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)复合体系,研究了POE用量及nano-CaCO3对PP冲击性能、拉伸性能及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,随着POE用量的增加,PP/POE共混体系及PP/POE/nano-CaCO3复合体系的冲击强度明显增加;拉伸强度及拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量均减小;断裂伸长率及断裂强度亦减小。此外,与PP/POE共混体系相比,PP/POE/nano-CaCO3复合体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度及拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量均优于PP/POE共混体系。     

PP/POE共混物力学性能研究

用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙(烯PP)/聚烯烃弹性(体POE)共混物,研究了POE用量对PP/POE共混物冲击性能、拉伸性能及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:随着POE含量的增加,PP/POE共混物的冲击强度明显提高;拉伸强度及拉伸模量弯、曲强度及弯曲模量、断裂伸长率及断裂强度均减小。     

花生壳粉/聚丙烯复合材料的研究

利用双螺杆挤出工艺对花生壳粉填充改性聚丙烯(PP)进行了研究。结果表明。加入花生壳粉后．复合材料的弯曲强度、硬度、维卡软化温度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均有所提高。但其加工流动性能和冲击强度有所下降。在花生壳粉含量为30％时，复合材料的综合性能较优。     

Polypropylene and potato starch biocomposites: Physicomechanical and thermal properties

To determine the possibility of using starch as biodegradable filler in the thermoplastic polymer matrix, starch‐filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by extrusion of PP resin with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of potato starch in corotating twin‐screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make test specimens. These specimens were tested for physicomechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties, Izod impact strength, density, and water absorption. These PP composites were further characterized by melt flow index (MFI), vicat softening point (VSP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. It was found that, with increase in starch content, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the PP composites increased along with the increase in moisture, water absorption, and density, while retaining the VSP; but, tensile strength and elongation, impact strength, hardness, and MFI of the PP composites also decreased. DSC analysis of the PP composite revealed the reduction in melting temperature, heat of fusion, and percentage of crystallization of PP with increase in starch content. Similarly, TGA traces display enhanced thermal degradability for PP as starch content increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

An investigation on the mechanical and dynamic rheological properties of single and hybrid filler/polypropylene composites based on talc and calcium carbonate

Some results of experiments on the mechanical and rheological properties of mineral filled polypropylene were presented. Single filler and hybrid filler composites of talc and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) were prepared in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of filler type, filler content, and coupling agent on the mechanical and rheological properties of the polypropylene were studied. The coupling agent was maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA). It was found that the mechanical properties are affected by filler type, filler concentration, and the interaction between filler and matrix. The tensile strength of the composite is more affected by the talc while the impact strength is influenced mostly by CaCO₃ content. The elongation at break of PP/CaCO₃ composites was higher than that of PP/talc composites. The incorporation of coupling agent into PP/mineral filler composites increased the mechanical properties. Rheological properties indicated that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of talc filled samples were higher than those of calcium carbonate filled samples while the tan δ was lower. The rheological properties of hybrid‐filler filled sample were more affected by the talc than calcium carbonate. The PP‐g‐MA increased the complex viscosity and storage modulus of both single and hybrid composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical properties and morphologies of polypropylene with different sizes of glass bead particles

A commercial grade of isotactic polypropylene (PP) was used to study the mechanical properties and morphologies of the PP composites filled with four sizes of glass bead particles. The glass bead particles used were with average particle sizes of 15 μm (GB15), 10 μm (GB10), 5 μm (GB5), and 2.5 μm (GB2.5), respectively. It was clear that the glass bead size was an important factor on the determination of mechanical properties of the composites. As a whole, in view of the scatter in the data, under the condition of same filler content, the yield strength and impact strength of the composites filled with smaller glass bead particles was higher than those of the composites filled with bigger ones. And the flexural strength and modulus of the composites filled with GB10, GB5, or GB2.5 particles could be regarded as the same. The flexural strength and modulus of the composites filled with GB15 particles were higher than those of the composites filled with other three sizes of particles. Among four sizes of glass bead particles, GB2.5 had the best toughening effect to improve the impact strength of PP matrix. And the major toughening mechanism of the PP/GB2.5 composites was the pinning effect introduced by GB2.5. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of PP/LLPDE/NR Blends—Effects of Polyoctenamer

In this study, impact-modified polypropylene (PP) ternary blends based on PP/natural rubber (NR)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with ratios of 72/10/18 and 64/20/16 were produced by a twin-screw extruder with polyoctenamer (TOR) as the compatibilizer. The mechanical properties of the blends were determined on injection-molded specimens in tensile, flexural, and impact testing. The impact strength and elongation at break of the blend increased significantly while the flexural modulus and tensile strength decreased slightly with increasing TOR content. The impact strength improved with the increasing TOR due the increase of interfacial adhesion resulting in finer dispersion of the rubbery minor phase in the PP matrix. The improvement in compatibility with the addition of TOR into PP/NR/LLDPE blends is being supported by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).     

HDPE/木粉复合材料性能的研究

本文以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和木粉为原料,通过同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,制备HDPE/木粉复合材料。研究了木粉含量和螺杆结构对HDPE/木粉复合材料流变-形态-性能的影响。结果表明:木粉含量的增加增大了复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度,降低了冲击强度,而厚度大和错列角大的捏合块元件的加入有助于降低复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度,增加冲击强度。     

Characterization of PP/Mg(OH)2 and PP/Nanoclay Composites with Supercritical CO2 (scCO2)

In this article, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) is used to form a high density microcellular foam structure to reduce the polymer use and facilitate dispersion of Mg(OH)₂ and Nanoclay fillers. A twin-screw extruder system was used to predistribute the inorganic filler from the PP polymer, resulting composite PP/filler pellets. This followed by the use of a single-screw extruder wherein supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced in the formulation. Finally the resulting foam PP/filler/CO₂ pellets are injection molded into test samples. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and density measurements. Furthermore, PP/Clay/Mg(OH)₂ polymer composites are subjected to examinations to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, Heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point and Melt flow index (MFI).     

木粉含量对连续固态挤出自增强PP性能的影响

采用单螺杆挤出机连续固态挤出制备自增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料试样,对不同木粉含量的试样性能进行表征和综合分析。结果表明,PP复合材料试样密度随着木粉含量的增加呈线性上升趋势;拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而在木粉含量为50%时达到最大;拉伸弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量随着木粉含量的增加一直增大,但断裂伸长率下降;木粉含量的增加能够提高试样的耐热性,但结晶度有所下降;木粉含量过多会造成复合材料界面结合减弱,影响最终复合材料的性能。     

GB/PP复合材料拉伸性能与介电性能的研究

采用小粒径玻璃微珠(OB)与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混,研究了GB含量及表面处理对复合材料拉伸性能及介电性能的影响。研究结果表明,与未经表面改性的GB相比,经过偶联剂KH-550和EB-151处理的GB与PP复合后,其拉伸性能得到明显改善;且当GB含量为20%时,经过KH-550处理的GB/PP复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和拉伸弹性模量比纯PP的分别提高了8.7%、109.6%和187.0%;复合材料的介电常数随GB含量的增加呈现增大的趋势,经过改性的复合材料的介电常数比未经改性的有所增加,而GB的含量和界面改性对介电损耗的影响不大。     

聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙复合材料性能的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)/活性纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)复合材料,并用注射机注射了标准拉伸、弯曲及冲击样条。研究了不同纳米碳酸钙质量含量(1%～8%)对复合材料流动性能及力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了复合材料冲击断面的形貌。研究结果表明在实验范围内,与纯PP相比,加入纳米碳酸钙后,复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低,而弯曲强度、冲击强度以及硬度增加。当纳米碳酸钙含量为3%时复合材料呈现比较好的综合性能。实验条件下,纳米碳酸钙对复合材料的流动性能影响不大。     

PP/硅灰石/EPDM体系组分与形态结构对冲击韧性的影响

利用双螺杆挤出机制备PP/硅灰石/EPDM三元复合物,通过扫描电镜和冲击实验等研究了该复合物组分变化和形态结构对其力学性能,特别是冲击韧性的影响。控制组分和形态结构可以得到冲击韧性和刚度同时提高的力学性能均衡的复合材料。