水力空化技术去除油田废水COD的研究

利用空化效应所能产生的高温、高压和微射流等极端条件作用于油田废水,试验研究了水力空化孔板装置对油田废水COD的降解效果.研究表明:水力空化技术对油田废水COD有一定的降解效果,但降解水平有限.最佳空化数为0.7～0.8,最佳入口压力为0.2～0.25 MPa.最佳结构参数为:β0=0.12,孔板厚度为10 mm.     

苯酐与增塑剂废水处理工艺的试验研究

以苯酐与增塑剂(DOP)生产废水为研究对象,针对废水 有机物浓度与难降解物质浓度高的特点,提出了物化预处理 -水解酸化-好氧生化的处理工艺,并对该工艺进行试验和 理论研究。 DOP废水的BOD/COD=0．48,降解性能良好,但是其 中的不溶辛醇导致生化出水COD居高不下,生化效果不佳。     

钎剂工业废水处理工艺优化试验研究

钎剂工业生产废水含有表面活性剂以及氢氟酸等物质,可生化性较差,传统沉淀+蒸发方式处理钎剂废水效果较差。试验研究粉末活性炭吸附+光催化工艺处理钎剂工业废水,首先通过投加氢氧化钙中和氢氟酸,再经粉末活性炭(PAC)以及光催化吸附降解表面活性剂。结果显示,当氢氧化钙投加摩尔比(Ca~(2+)/F~-)为7~8、PAC与COD质量比为3时,光催化条件为紫外光强容积负荷0.012 W/cm~3、催化剂TiO_2投加量30 mg/L、H_2O_2投加量4.5gH_2O_2/gCOD时,经光催化2.5h后,即可以达到氟化物浓度小于20mg/L及COD小于100mg/L的排放要求。     

白腐真菌脱色降解染料废水的试验研究

探讨了白腐真菌对染料废水的脱色和降解。试验结果表明,白腐真菌不但对活性艳红X3B染料有较好的脱色作用,而且对难处理的成分复杂的实际染料废水也有较好的降解作用,能有效去除印染废水的COD和BOD5。但是降解过程中COD有波动现象,经过5d后出水的COD仍然较高。虽然白腐真菌未能彻底生化降解染料废水,但给后续的深度处理带来极大方便。     

酒类废水特征及其作为反硝化碳源的可行性

研究了酒类废水作为污水处理厂反硝化碳源的可行性.首先分析了不同类型酒类废水的物化和微生物群落特征.活性污泥添加酒类废水后,反硝化速率为1.85～2.60 mgNO3-N/(gVSS.h),效果好于对照组乙酸钠(1.72).抑制性测试表明添加酒类废水对活性污泥的硝化速率、释磷和吸磷速率均无显著不利影响.残留COD测试表明添加酒类废水对出水COD的影响较小可控.碳源效率测试表明低浓度过滤酒类废水最佳,其碳源消耗质量比(△COD/△N)为7.1,低于对照组乙酸钠(10.9).综上所述,经过适当处理后的酒类废水是优质反硝化碳源.     

MBR处理聚乙烯醇废水的试验研究

理论分析和试验结果表明 :采用一体式好氧膜生物反应器 (MBR)处理难降解聚乙烯醇有机废水 ,在 pH为 7～ 8,温度为 15～ 2 9℃ ,HRT为 10～ 2 0h ,SRT为 10 0d ,进水COD为 10 0～ 6 0 0mg/L的条件下 ,系统出水COD在 4 0mg/L以下 ,平均为 15 5mg/L ,COD的平均去除率为 90 7%。采用好氧MBR能有效地处理难降解聚乙烯醇有机废水     

SBR法处理豆制品废水过程中ORP与COD的相关性

采用SBR法处理豆制品废水时 ,为获得准确反映有机物降解情况的控制参数 ,进行了反应过程中ORP变化与COD降解程度的相关性试验研究。结果表明 ,无论改变曝气量还是初始MLSS浓度 ,以及增加或减少进水COD浓度 ,反应过程中ORP的变化与COD的降解程度均具有很好的相关性。在降解COD过程中 ,ORP变化曲线出现两个特征点 ,一个特征点为ORP凹点 (最小值 ) ,它表示反应器中大部分COD已被降解 ;另一个特征点为ORP平台 ,表示COD达到难降解程度。此外 ,不同进水COD浓度使得ORP曲线凹点出现的时间不同 ,以此可以预测进水COD浓度 ,为实现曝气量和曝气时间的在线模糊控制奠定理论基础。     

超声强化臭氧降解高浓度苯酚废水研究

超声及其组合技术对有机物废水降解是一种新兴的污水处理技术,有着广阔的发展前景和应用市场.对超声强声动力强化臭氧降解高浓度苯酚废水过程中的臭氧通气量、溶液的pH值、反应时间及溶液的初始浓度进行了实验研究,并对单一臭氧和超声强化臭氧降解效果进行了比较.结果表明:由于超声独特的物理、化学效应为臭氧降解提供了极端的物理、化学环境,二者协同作用使得反应进行彻底,COD去除率可达100%.     

研究生论文摘要

糖蜜酒精废液生化处理试验研究 硕士生:安景辉导师:卜城 (清华大学环境科学与工程系 100084) 本研究的目的就是通过试验对糖蜜酒精废水的生化降解特性进行分析,找出影响生化处理效率的主要因素,并在此基础上提出一套技术可行、经济合理的治理方案. 本研究为小试规模,水样为大同糖厂生产废水(COD=76 500 mg/L);采用两相厌氧(酸化脱硫+产甲烷)+好氧试验工艺,并结合物理化学手段.     

褐煤/麦饭石固定SRB颗粒处理含铬酸性矿山废水试验

针对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)生物法处理酸性矿山废水(AMD)易受重金属离子和高酸度的抑制与毒害等问题,采用玉米芯为碳源的微生物固定化技术,分别构造以麦饭石和褐煤为填料的1~#和2~#固定化颗粒,对比处理含Cr~(6+)、SO_4~(2-)的模拟酸性矿山废水的效果。实验结果表明:1~#颗粒废水中COD的平均释放量(898 mg/L)要高于2~#颗粒废水中COD的平均释放量(698.9 mg/L),而2~#颗粒对AMD中p H提升(4～7.47)和对Cr~(6+)、SO_4~(2-)的平均去除率(96.57%、36.50%)要高于1~#颗粒对AMD中p H提升(4～7.04)和对Cr~(6+)、SO_4~(2-)的平均去除率(85.96%、20.85%)。可见,褐煤颗粒有比麦饭石颗粒较强的调酸、吸附金属离子和异化硫酸盐活性的能力。     

复合酶制剂处理城市景观水体的试验研究

采用新型复合酶制剂(BZ剂)处理城市受污染景观水体。研究结果表明:该制剂的使用对COD、NH3-N、TP等有明显的净化效果。在本试验条件下,BZ剂投加量为0.4 mg/(L.d)时,CODCr、NH3-N、TP的最终去除效果最好,分别达到25.0%7、7.6%2、6.1%;相同投加量条件下,水质净化效果不曝气优于曝气状况。     

臭氧—曝气生物滤池处理难生物降解废水的试验研究进展

臭氧与曝气生物滤池组合工艺,可提高难生物降解废水的处理效率。文章综述了该组合工艺在不同行业难生物降解废水处理中色度、COD去除率等方面的研究进展,表明组合工艺对不同原水的处理效果明显。指出臭氧与曝气生物滤池组合工艺作为一种深度处理工艺是非常适合我国国情的水处理技术,尤其对我国今后中水回用、企业污水闭路循环以及＂零排放＂...     

Combined wastewater feed directly into final clarification - advantage for receiving rivers

With a view to a reduction of the discharge from combined water outflow, the increase of the influent to a wastewater treatment plant can be an efficient solution, for cases in which the discharge concentration of the wastewater treatment plant would not deteriorate significantly as a result. Through bypassing the aeration with combined water and a direct feed of the combined water into the final clarification (Mina-Process) the specific sludge volume loading, which is significant to the efficiency of the final clarification, will not be raised. But the adsorption capability of the aerated sludge, the sedimentation effect of the final clarification, and the partial recirculation over return-sludge can be used for an elimination of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia and phosphate from the combined wastewater. In large-scale tests in Wilhelmshaven (160,000 PE), removal efficiencies for the elimination in the bypass of 75% of COD, 60% of ammonia and 89% of suspended solids were reached. In comparison with conventional procedures for combined water treatment (e.g. storage volumes, soil filter) the Mina-Process has the possibility to achieve a highly efficient and economical combined water treatment by using the capability of existing clarifiers.     

香兰素废水处理技术研究及工艺设计

采用预处理-加压曝气生物氧化工艺处理香兰素生产废水。反应器在200 kPa压力条件下,COD容积负荷率达5.5~8.0 kg/m3.d,进水COD质量浓度为2 000~2 500 mg/L,反应时间为8~10 h时,处理后的出水COD质量浓度小于100 mg/L,达到污水综合排放一级标准。还对加压曝气生物反应器原理、工艺流程、运行参数、工艺设计等方面进行了介绍。     

深度处理维生素制药废水的中试研究

维生素制药废水经过初步生化处理后,出水水质无法满足要求,具有难降解、COD和氨氮浓度高的特点,针对这些特点,本文采用"强化复合曝气水解酸化→高效厌氧复合反应→流离生物接触氧化"连续工艺深度处理维生素制药废水,研究其可行性。处理规模为7.2 m3/d的中型试验结果表明:强化复合曝气水解酸化能使进水B/C值由0.33提高到0.48,提高下一步生化反应的处理效率,当进水CODCr的浓度为150～641 mg/L,氨氮浓度为6～115 mg/L时,平均去除率分别达到84.28%、93.8%,出水COD浓度小于50mg/L,氨氮浓度小于5 mg/L,出水水质能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB18918-2002中的一级A指标,该连续工艺深度处理此类废水具有可行性和稳定性。     

Strategy for olive mill wastewater treatment and reuse with a sewage plant in an arid region.

This study was conducted to evaluate the treatability of OMW (olive mill wastewater) with sewage and sewage sludge, which could supplement nutrients and microbes required for OMW treatment and reduce its possible toxicity. The amount of OMW added to an aeration tank was based on the loading difference between the designed and actual COD loads, while the amount added to anaerobic digestion for energy recovery was determined by CH4 production. The COD removal efficiencies were 70-85% for both systems. Compost of OMW with dried sewage sludge also showed a similar temperature profile without OMW addition. This strongly suggested that OMW can be treated at a sewage plant without pretreatment and the treated effluent can be reused in irrigation for an arid region.     

Floating treatment wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment

Floating islands are a form of treatment wetland characterized by a mat of synthetic matrix at the water surface into which macrophytes can be planted and through which water passes. We evaluated two matrix materials for treating domestic wastewater, recycled plastic and recycled carpet fibers, for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal. These materials were compared to pea gravel or open water (control). Experiments were conducted in laboratory scale columns fed with synthetic wastewater containing COD, organic and inorganic nitrogen, and mineral salts. Columns were unplanted, naturally inoculated, and operated in batch mode with continuous recirculation and aeration. COD was efficiently removed in all systems examined (>90% removal). Ammonia was efficiently removed by nitrification. Removal of total dissolved N was ～50% by day 28, by which time most remaining nitrogen was present as NO(3)-N. Complete removal of NO(3)-N by denitrification was accomplished by dosing columns with molasses. Microbial communities of interest were visualized with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) by targeting specific functional genes. Shifts in the denitrifying community were observed post-molasses addition, when nitrate levels decreased. The conditioning time for reliable nitrification was determined to be approximately three months. These results suggest that floating treatment wetlands are a viable alternative for domestic wastewater treatment.     

基于节能的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法

目前,国内大多数采用活性污泥法的城市污水处理厂的曝气控制系统普遍存在着溶解氧浓度波动大、曝气量冗余大、曝气单元能耗高等问题。介绍了一种基于气量动态变化反馈控制原理与PID反馈控制原理的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法,该方法可以使曝气池适应污水处理厂进水水量和水质的变化,保持溶解氧浓度的稳定,对污水处理厂稳定安全的运行和降低系统能耗均有显著效果。该方法对于采用鼓风曝气的活性污泥法工艺具有良好的普适性和有效性,并在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

生化法处理ADC发泡剂废水的试验研究

采用缺氧池、需氧池和间隙曝气池组合工艺生化法处理高浓度氨氮废水———ADC发泡剂。试验表明,在温度为28℃,pH值为7.4~7.8,C/N为5,回流比R为200%和r为150%时,NH3-N去除率可达92.75%;NH3-N负荷对NH3-N的去除率有较大的影响,应低于0.12 kg/(m3.d)。     

A new side stream process for easily degradable industrial waste waters to avoid sludge bulking.

A new treatment scheme for the treatment of easily biodegradable industrial waste waters has been developed. The side stream treatment of dairy waste water with the excess sludge from the domestic treatment line of the regional treatment plant Bad V?slau has been operated successfully for a period of three years during which the industrial load stemming from the dairy increased from 800 kg COD/d to 2,500 kg COD/d with peak loads up to 5,000 kg/d. Despite of the increased load to the treatment plant the total aeration tank volume had not been increased. This treatment is performed in an existing aeration tank of the WWTP (V = 1,800 m3) which is now used as contact tank for the combined aeration of dairy waste water and excess sludge from the domestic treatment line (volume aeration tank = 15,000 m3). In this tank the easily degradable substrate from the industrial waste is mainly adsorbed to the biological sludge and after a mechanical dewatering transferred to the anaerobic digester where it yields in an increased gas production. The filtrate of the dewatering process is completely free from biodegradable material and can without danger of bulking be fed to the aeration tank of the domestic treatment line. The new process has proven to be extremely flexible since already now daily peak loads exceeding the design load by more then 60% could be treated in the plant without any problems. Compared to other alternatives for the dairy waste water treatment that were investigated during this study, the new side stream process is very advantageous. No other pre-treatment process for industrial waste water could have been operated under comparable loading conditions without severe operating problems.