聚氨酯泡沫塑料工业氯氟烃发泡剂替代技术进展

叙述了聚氨酯泡沫塑料行业中发泡剂替代工作进展状况，分别介绍了国际上硬质泡沫和软质泡沫生产中的主要替代技术。     

国内信息

吉化公司龙山化工厂研制开发的无氟冰箱泡沫发泡剂—环戊烷目前通过省级鉴定。 环戊烷是一种溶剂及新型发泡剂,主要用作硬质PU 发泡剂及无氟冰箱泡沫发泡剂,以替代 CFC。龙山化工厂采用催化精制、微量杂质脱除技术及高效精馏工艺,生产出     

中国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)行业HCFCs替代技术现状与发展趋势

综述了我国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（XPS）行业含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）替代技术的现状和发展趋势;从原料、设备、发泡剂等几个方面阐述了XPS泡沫行业进行发泡剂HCFCs替换的技术难点,并重点分析了替代产品的性能和市场状况。最后,介绍了几种较为成熟的HCFCs替代技术。     

各种橡胶发泡剂的特性和选择应用

本文叙述了两种无机发泡剂和六种有机发泡剂的发气量，起发温度，发泡速度，助发泡剂的选择及用量对制造过程和产品的影响，说明了选择应用应注意的一些问题同时列举了制造微孔橡胶的实例。     

吉化研制成功无氟冰箱泡沫发泡剂

吉化龙山化工厂研制开发的无氟冰箱发泡剂环戊烷产品日前通过吉林省鉴定,填补了国内空白。 环戊烷是一种溶剂及新型发泡剂,主要作为硬质PU发泡剂及无氟冰箱泡沫发泡剂,以替代对大气臭氧层有破坏作用的CFC。     

中国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)行业HCFCs替代新技术分析

综述了几种我国挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（XPS）行业含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）的替代新技术，包括CO2技术、碳氢技术及氢氟烃技术。从发泡剂特性、发泡剂注入计量设备及挤出发泡设备等方面阐述了XPS泡沫行业进行发泡剂HCFCs替换的技术特点及难点。最后，指出CO2发泡技术将是XPS行业未来的发展趋势。     

零ODP聚氨酯泡沫发泡剂替代技术进展

简要说明了聚氨酯泡沫发泡剂的替代技术,综述了各类发泡剂的优缺点,介绍了氢氟烯烃(HFO)类发泡剂的研究情况,并对未来发泡剂的使用情况做出展望。     

替代传统氯氟烃物理发泡剂无氯氟聚氨酯化学发泡剂获奖

<正>一种新型无氯氟聚氨酯化学发泡剂因其为世界聚氨酯产业淘汰"消耗臭氧层物质"、减少温室气体排放找到一条全新出路而获得山东省技术发明一等奖。该新型无氯氟聚氨酯化学发泡剂是广泛应用于冰箱、热水器、喷涂等领域的新一代绿色环保发泡剂,能替代传统含氯氟烃的物理发泡剂。据介绍,聚氨酯泡沫材料生产中主要采用含氟氯烃类物理发泡剂进行发泡,氟氯烃类物质对臭氧层有极大     

戊烷发泡体系在冰箱聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

概述了冰箱用聚氨酯泡沫发泡剂CFC—11的主要替代路线,重点论述了纯环戊烷、环戊烷-异戊烷和正戊烷-异戊烷等3种戊烷发泡体系的泡沫体物性和工艺特点,同时对3种戊烷发泡技术进行了综合比较。     

环保聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂研究进展

从环保的角度介绍了水、液态CO2、戊烷系列和HFC系列聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂,综述了它们各自的性能和优缺点,以及改进缺陷的可能性和方法,并结合以往的研究和实验着重指出HFC-245 fa和HFC-365m fc是两种很有前途的替代发泡剂,预测了聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂的发展趋势。     

泡沫塑料发泡剂的研究进展

介绍了泡沫塑料常用的发泡剂,比较了各种发泡剂,如AC发泡剂及多种物理发泡剂的优缺点,并提出水发泡是今后发泡剂的发展方向。     

发泡剂的类型及加工特性

介绍了聚合物发泡剂的类型、分解特性、发泡助剂对发泡剂分解温度的影响以及复合发泡剂与发泡剂母料配制的原理。     

发泡剂AC的热分解活化机理及影响因素*

采用动力学和热力学相结合的方法,用自行设计的发泡剂发气量测量装置研究了重金属盐、金属氧化物、有机酸及其盐等对发泡剂ＡＣ热分解特性的影响;用ＤＳＣ差示扫描量热仪测定了各体系的动态分解温度和热效应。结果表明,三盐基硫酸铅、二盐基亚磷酸铅、硬脂酸铅和柠檬酸对发泡剂ＡＣ都有较强的活化作用,属于加速型发泡助剂;氧化锌是发泡剂ＡＣ较理想的活化引发剂,当其用量为０１份时,活化作用较好;而硬脂酸、硬脂酸钡和柠檬酸钠的活化作用较小,属于延缓型发泡助剂     

New experimental method for determination of effective diffusion coefficient of blowing agents in polyurethane foams

The effective diffusion coefficients of novel, environmentally friendly, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) blowing agents for polyurethane foam production were measured. The method was based on gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy measurements. The accuracy and reliability of the procedure developed were confirmed by comparisons of experimental and the predicted thermal aging curves. The slope of the aging curves (i.e., the change in thermal conductivity with time) depended only on the effective diffusion coefficients. The effective diffusion coefficients of the new HFC blowing agents were close to those of conventional hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) blowing agents, and the aging behavior of foams produced from HFC or HCFC blowing agents were similar. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2229–2239, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

发泡剂对丙烯酸酯橡胶发泡材料性能的影响

采用模压法制备丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)发泡材料,研究了发泡剂品种和用量对其性能的影响。结果表明:以发泡剂4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)或偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)制备ACM发泡材料时,最佳用量分别为ACM用量的6%和7%;以复合发泡剂AC/OBSH、AC/碳酸氢钠、OBSH/碳酸氢钠分别制备ACM发泡材料时,最佳使用量分别为ACM用量的7%、7%、6%;当三组复合发泡剂使用量相同时,复合发泡剂AC/OBSH制备的ACM发泡材料发泡倍率最大,微孔孔径较一致,分散均匀。     

低密度聚苯乙烯仿木线材挤出发泡研究

结合聚苯乙烯（PS）化学自由挤出发泡工艺,探讨了合成级新料与再生原料树脂的特性对发泡效果和发泡制品冲击性能的影响;比较了放热型改性AC发泡剂、吸热型改性NaHCO3放热吸热复合发泡剂对再生料PS发泡制品的密度、泡孔结构、气孔均匀度的影响;探究了不同发泡剂对发泡制品芯层泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,发泡剂含量为1 %时,采用AC发泡剂和复合发泡剂的发泡制品的密度分别为0.47 g/cm3和0.39 g/cm3。     

Chemical and physical blowing agents in structural polyurethane foams: Simulation and characterization

Physical blowing agents such as n‐pentane and methyl formate and, for comparison, chemical blowing agents such as water were used to prepare structural polyurethane rigid foams of different densities by reaction injection molding. Experimental runs were carried out with formulations based on oligomeric isocyanate and a mixture of polyether polyols. The constitutive equations for the vaporization rate of the two blowing agents and the polymerization kinetics data are reported. Experimental results were compared with the prediction of a simplified theoretical model, and they showed a satisfactory agreement in terms of temperatures and density profile. All the specimens were characterized by physical‐mechanical properties such as hardness, impact strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus and the results were reported in function of the densities. The best mechanical performance were obtained with the physical blowing agents, due to a better density distribution profile and a thicker skin layer.     

发泡剂对EPDM海绵性能的影响

采用热空气自由发泡制备EPDM海绵,研究发泡剂品种和用量对其性能的影响。结果表明,以发泡剂AC、OBSH和H制备EPDM海绵,最佳用量分别为15、10和10份;当发泡剂用量为10份时,以发泡剂OBSH制备的EPDM海绵发泡倍率最大。     

偏氯乙烯／丙烯腈共聚树脂浸渍发泡剂的研究

采用浸渍法在偏氯乙烯／丙烯腈共聚树脂中引入发泡剂，研究了树脂组成和性能、浸渍温度和时间等因素对浸渍量和浸渍速率的影响。     

Extrusion of microcellular polysulfone using chemical blowing agents

Microporous polysulfone hollow fibers were developed with the help of chemical blowing agents by means of extrusion. Two chemical blowing agents, azodicarbonamide and 5-phenyltetrazol, were selected, and the foam morphology dependent on the concentration of blowing agent was examined by scanning electron micrograph. By means of changing the processing parameters, e.g., temperature and screw speed, the structures of the foam, usable as membrane, can be controlled. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69: 1753–1760, 1998