卷烟烟气成分分析用过滤材料的研制

本研究探讨了纤维原料组成对卷烟烟气成分分析用过滤材料过滤阻力和过滤效率的影响,进一步研究了过滤材料的增强工艺。结果表明,在未添加胶黏剂的情况下,使用纤维直径0.5～1.0μm和纤维直径10～20μm的玻璃纤维按照质量比58∶42抄造的过滤材料,过滤效率为99.970%,过滤阻力为330 Pa,满足过滤效率≥99.9%、过滤阻力≤360 Pa的过滤性能要求,但抗张强度较差;当浆内添加4%的自制丙烯酸乳液和0.4%的聚酰胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)时,过滤材料抗张强度可达到1.01 kN/m,此时过滤效率为99.980%,过滤阻力为345 Pa。过滤材料过滤性能达到了进口产品的水平,满足ISO3308 (或GB/T 16450)标准的要求。     

水分含量对加热不燃烧烟弹抽吸品质的影响

采用菲莫国际生产的烟草原味HEETs加热不燃烧烟弹为研究对象,通过对烟弹发烟段不同水分含量(5%、7%、9%、11%、13%、15%、17%)进行烟气温度、唇端温度、烟雾浓度指数、抽吸吸阻值、抽吸感官及主流烟气中致香成分等抽吸品质进行对比分析。结果表明:发烟段中水分随着含量升高抽吸时加热不燃烧烟弹烟气温度、唇端温度、烟雾浓度指数、抽吸感官及主流烟气中的致香成分总量是先上升后下降的趋势,抽吸吸阻值随着水分含量的升高而升高,当发烟段水分含量在9～11%,抽吸感官品质最优。综上,加热不燃烧烟弹发烟段中含水率为9～11%为最佳,可使加热不燃烧烟弹在抽吸时具有较好的抽吸品质。     

加热不燃烧卷烟用纸趋势分析

介绍了加热不燃烧卷烟烟弹的结构及各部分用纸情况,对烟弹加热段、缓冲段、降温段和过滤段的用纸类型和用纸量进行了分析;对比分析了加热不燃烧卷烟与传统卷烟的用纸区别以及总用纸量的差异.     

加热不燃烧卷烟烟气降温技术研究进展

加热不燃烧卷烟（加热烟草制品）以其抽吸质量与抽吸习惯与传统卷烟类似、释放有害成分少、无阴燃等特点而受到市场青睐。针对其入口烟气温度过高这一技术难题,本文汇总与分析了近年来的加热不燃烧卷烟烟气降温技术相关专利,总结了降温材料和降温结构的应用问题,展望了加热不燃烧卷烟降温技术的发展方向。      

加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的特性分析

为了深入了解不同工艺制备的加热不燃烧(HNB)卷烟烟草材料的特点及其对卷烟制品特性的影响,从化学成分分析、热裂解分析及热重分析等方面对辊压法、稠浆法、造纸法、干法制备的4种烟草原味加热不燃烧卷烟的烟草材料进行了剖析。结果表明:①辊压法、稠浆法制备的烟草材料纤维含量较低,结构紧密;造纸法、干法制备的烟草材料纤维含量高,结构相对疏松。②不同工艺加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的水分含量差异不大,烟碱含量为6.68～13.56mg/g;甘油含量明显高于丙二醇,且远远高于传统卷烟。③烟草材料裂解香气释放量随裂解温度的升高呈现先升高后下降,在270℃达到峰值后又缓慢降低的趋势,裂解香气成分各有特点。④加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热失重均分为4个阶段,且以第2、第3阶段为主,烟草材料的热失重情况存在一定差异。     

加热不燃烧卷烟产品主流烟气中香味成分的比较

为考察加热不燃烧卷烟产品的香味成分释放情况,对市场占有率较高的3款产品进行抽吸,并采用GC/MS对主流烟气中的香味成分进行了分析,结果表明:(1) 3款产品抽吸时单位口数下酸性香味成分的释放量相对较低,中性及碱性香味成分释放量相对较高;(2)各产品单位口数下的香味成分释放总量为ILG;(3)与传统卷烟的典型香味成分比较,加热不燃烧卷烟烟气中来源于烟草本身的香气质及香气量均较低,且在烤烟型传统卷烟的特征香韵方面比较薄弱,可通过向烟支原料中增加烟草提取物,或者添加具有烘焙香、烟熏香味道的香精香料加以改善。     

加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热分析研究

利用热重/差示扫描量热法和热裂解分析研究了空气氛围下典型电加热和炭加热新型卷烟烟草材料热行为。结果表明:①两种典型的加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热失重都分为四个阶段,碳加热型卷烟A主失重阶段发生在133-270℃,电加热型卷烟B主失重阶段发生在232-347℃;②两种烟草材料在前两个阶段失重量均要明显高于传统卷烟,主要是相对高比例的料香及烟雾生成剂的使用及较高的含水量;③两种典型的烟草材料在350℃热裂解,主要检出物质均为甘油、丙二醇和烟碱,其他主要物质还有乙酸、酮、醛和长链烷烃。      

加热不燃烧烟草制品的减害性能分析

文章通过传统卷烟和加热不燃烧烟草制品烟气成分的对比,对传统卷烟和加热不燃烧烟草制品的减害性能进行分析,通过分析看出:(1)与传统卷烟相比,加热不燃烧烟草烟气气溶胶的烟草,特有亚硝胺、挥发性成分、酚类化合物等有害成分降低80%以上。(2)加热不燃烧卷烟气溶胶生理毒性低于传统卷烟。     

改善加热不燃烧型烟草薄片物理性能的研究

加热不燃烧型烟草薄片是一种新型烟草薄片,其制备方法主要包括稠浆法、辊压法、造纸法。为保证烟草薄片的良好成形及耐加工性,需添加一定量的木浆纤维。本研究探究了木浆纤维在稠浆法加热不燃烧型烟草薄片中的应用,考察了木浆纤维打浆度和添加量对稠浆性能和烟草薄片物理性能的影响。研究表明,增加木浆纤维打浆度有利于降低稠浆黏度,木浆纤维的打浆度为49 °SR时,烟草薄片的力学性能相对较好;木浆纤维添加量在2%~5%时,烟草薄片力学强度随着木浆添加量的增加而增加,抗张指数最高可达3.62 N·m/g。     

基于静电纺PAN/PMIA共混纳米纤维复合空气过滤纸的制备及性能研究

以空气过滤原纸为基材,高可纺性的聚丙烯腈（PAN）和高性能间位芳纶短切纤维（PMIA）为原料,利用静电纺丝技术,制备PAN/PMIA共混纳米纤维复合空气过滤纸。通过调整2种特种纤维的质量比,制备具有良好过滤性能和较好耐高温性能的复合空气过滤纸。结果表明,PAN与PMIA质量比为3∶7的PAN/PMIA共混纳米纤维复合空气过滤纸的过滤效率为99.995%,初始阻力为79.01 Pa,容尘量为175 g/m²。经一系列热处理后,复合空气过滤纸的过滤效率可保持在99.960%以上。     

Preparation of High-precision Electrospun Nanoair Filter Paper for Air Purification

Electrospinning technology has become a research hotspot because of its advantages, such as simple operation, low cost, large specific surface area, high porosity, and good fiber continuity. Here, a new type of composite nanoair filter paper was prepared using electrospinning technology. To improve the practicability of air filter base paper, phenolic resin was used as a curing agent to improve the strength. The results show that the electrospun nanoair filter paper with air filter paper as the receiving substrate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as the spinning solution excellently performed in all aspects. The influence of the thickness (spinning time) of the PVA nanofiber membrane on the micromorphology, physical properties, and filtration performance of the electrospun nanoair filter paper was analyzed. According to the ISO 5011-2014 standard, the initial resistance, filtration efficiency, mean pore size, and dust capacity of the electrospun nanoair filter paper were 77.3 Pa, 99.9941%, 3.50 μm, and 146 g/m², respectively, when the spinning time was 15 min.     

重载荷发动机空气过滤纸的发展

重载荷发动机空气过滤纸是重载荷发动机空气过滤系统的关键材料,其性能优劣严重影响着发动机的工作稳定性和使用寿命。本文首先介绍了空气过滤纸对重载荷发动机的重要性,然后从技术发展的角度将空气过滤纸分为了四代,并对历代空气过滤纸的结构特点、发展动力和关键性能进行了介绍。并讨论了目前重载荷发动机空气过滤纸面临的挑战以及该纸种在我国的发展前景。     

纸浆纤维的改性及其用于口罩滤材的制备性能研究

以漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆(NBKP)、漂白硫酸盐阔叶木浆(LBKP)为原料,利用氢氧化钠∕尿素∕硫脲溶剂体系在低温环境下进行改性,通过协同打浆处理,得到整体形态不变的、适当分丝帚化的纸浆纤维,并用于制备口罩滤材。通过测试滤材松厚度、孔径、透气度等结构参数和性能,与市售PM2.5防护口罩滤材对比,探究合适的纸浆纤维改性工艺及配抄方案。结果表明,改性后的NBKP打浆度18°SR、LBKP打浆度20°SR,二者质量比2∶8时,制备滤材各项性能指标与市售口罩最接近,其松厚度为4.36 cm³/g,透气度为287.19 L/(m²·s),平均孔径为36.69μm,最大孔径为39.86μm,对6000目滑石粉过滤效率可达99%。     

浅析滤布的应用及发展

文章介绍了滤布的性能、主要用途及滤布的发展现状,阐明了滤布具有广阔的应用领域和市场前景。     

Composition and functional properties of raw and heat processed velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var utilis) flours

Summary The proximate composition and functional properties of raw and heat-processed velvet bean (M ucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var utilis ) flours were studied. The flours were prepared by soaking raw beans for 14 h, boiling for 30 min (heat-processed), manual dehulling, oven-drying (65 °C) and milling. The heat-processed flour contained 6.8% moisture, 24.3% protein, 4.9% fat, 1.3% crude fibre, 3.5% ash and 61.2% carbohydrate. The flour was rich in potassium (125 mg/100 g), zinc (9.8 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (361 mg/100 g). Differences in proximate and mineral composition of raw and heat-processed flours were not significant. The flours showed minimum protein solubility at pH 4.5 and formed reasonably stable emulsions and foams. Compared to raw flour, heat-processed flour had better water and fat absorption capacities, but lower protein solubility, emulsion and foam capacities. The flours have potential for food product development.     

改性麻浆制备PM2.5口罩滤纸的研究

以(剑)麻浆为原料,采用NaOH-尿素-硫脲溶液体系对其进行改性,再利用超声波对其进行协同打浆处理,使纤维发生润胀、氢键破坏、结构松弛,产生分丝和微纤化,并用其抄造精细滤纸,达到PMZ.5口罩滤材的过滤性能。采用正交实验的方法,探讨试剂质量分数、改性温度、改性时间、超声波处理时间等因素对纤维改性效果的影响;通过改性前后麻浆纤维形态变化及所抄造滤纸性能等的对比分析,并参照3M公司9502型PM2.5口罩的各项性能检测数据综合评价改性效果。结果表明,在试剂质量分数24%、改性温度-6℃、改性时间20min、超声波处理时间60min的最佳改性条件下,改性麻浆纤维形态发生明显变化,抄造的滤纸透气度为313.12 L/(m~2·s),平均孔径32.43μm,最大孔径36.95μn,松厚度5.26 cm~3/g,滤纸过滤性能达到预期目标,满足PM2.5口罩滤材的性能要求。     

快速检测饮用水中铬(VI)的光电型传感器的建立

利用二苯碳酰二肼与铬络合显色的原理,将二苯碳酰二肼固定化制成试纸条,插入自制的便携式单色光反射计中,组装出检测饮用水中铬的光电型传感器。实验结果表明:当铬的浓度范围处于0.0019～0.58mmol/L时,光反射率与铬浓度呈现良好的线性关系。经过检测条件优化后,该技术的检出限为0.00019mmol/L,检测时间为3min。此种方法检测饮用水中的铬灵敏度高、检测时间短、操作简便,能够实现铬的现场检测。     

Development of an LC-MS/MS method for studying migration characteristics of acetaldehyde in polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-packed mineral water

During storage, acetaldehyde migration from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles can affect the quality of mineral water even in the low µg l^?1 range negatively, as it features a fruity or plastic-like off-flavour. For a sensitive and fast analysis of acetaldehyde in mineral water, a new analysis method of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatisation followed by HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was developed. Acetaldehyde was directly derivatised in the mineral water sample avoiding extraction and/or pre-concentration steps and then analysed by reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Along with method development, the optimum molar excess of DNPH in contrast to acetaldehyde was studied for the mineral water matrix, because no specific and robust data were yet available for this critical parameter. Best results were obtained by using a calibration via the derivatisation reaction. Without any analyte enrichment or extraction, an LOD of 0.5 µg l^?1 and an LOQ of 1.9 µg l^?1 were achieved. Using the developed method, mineral water samples packed in PET bottles from Germany were analysed and the correlation between the acetaldehyde concentration and other characteristics of the samples was evaluated illustrating the applicability of the method. Besides a relationship between bottle size and CO₂ content of the mineral water and acetaldehyde migration, a correlation with acetaldehyde migration and the material composition of the bottle, e.g. recycled PET, was noted. Investigating the light influence on the acetaldehyde migration with a newly developed, reproducible light exposure setup, a significant increase of the acetaldehyde concentration in carbonated mineral water samples was observed.