生物化学机械法制浆过程麦草废渣基棒状颗粒燃料的性能分析

为提高农业废弃物麦草全组分资源化利用效率,本研究将生物化学机械法制浆过程产生的麦草废渣和制浆废液进行混合,利用液压成形技术制备了麦草废渣基棒状颗粒燃料（简称颗粒燃料）,探讨了麦渣粒径和废液添加量对颗粒燃料形貌、稳定性、物理性能和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,颗粒燃料制备的较优工艺条件为：麦渣粒径范围[0.22,0.90） mm,制浆废液添加量36.31%。该条件下制备的颗粒燃料具有较好的稳定性、物理性能和燃烧性能,其松弛密度为1.50 g/cm³,抗跌碎性为99.94%,抗渗水性时间为105 min,横向抗压强度为75.1 MPa,径向抗压强度为1.53 MPa,热值为11 715 J/g,燃烧时间可达99 s。     

基于麦草废渣模型颗粒燃料的构建探究制浆废液对颗粒燃料性能的影响

分别以麦草废渣、纤维素/半纤维素为原料,掺杂制浆废液,通过直接压缩成形,制备了生物质颗粒燃料及其模型物,并对生物质颗粒燃料的物理性能和燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,制浆废液中因含有木质素、糖类等有机成分而具有较好的黏结性,能够提高颗粒燃料的物理性能。由固含量4.29%的制浆废液制备的模型颗粒燃料,横向抗压强度和燃烧热值最高值分别为128.28 MPa和16 806.4 J/g,明显高于由水制备的颗粒燃料,但该模型燃料的综合燃烧特性指数降低为1.69×10^-9%²/(min²·℃³)。     

碱性及中性亚硫酸盐制浆废液用作锌矿粉粘合剂

对落叶松AS-AQ法制浆废液和杨木NS-AQ法制浆废液的混合液用作锌矿粉的成型粘合剂进行了研究,并与酸性亚硫酸盐法木浆废液及亚硫酸氢镁法苇浆废液的粘结效果进行了比较.结果表明,混合液的适宜应用工艺条件是:干燥温度165℃,干燥时间20min,物料配比为:锌矿粉:废液用量:水=75:3.75:1(质量比).在各自的适宜工艺条件下,取相同的废液用量,混合液具有最好的粘结效果.     

棉秆双螺旋挤压法制浆废液吸附絮凝处理研究

在絮凝处理基础上,引入了焦渣对棉秆双螺旋挤压制浆废液进行吸附助滤处理,并采用板框过滤进行固液分离.结果表明:在焦炭渣吸附助滤的优化条件下,废液COD去除率达到了74.1%,SS去除率88.9%,分离污泥固含量达到了32.68%.     

以荧光分析法测定非木材纤维原料木素含量控制蒸煮程度

本文研究了烧碱法、烧碱-蒽醌法、硫酸盐法麦草浆黑液和亚硫酸氢镁法苇浆废液的荧光性质,发现稀释后的废液的荧光强度与粗浆卡伯值、粗浆得率、残碱量以及废液中木素含量之间存在良好的线性关系。在碱法麦草浆蒸煮过程中,黑液的荧光强度在蒸煮终点趋于稳定或保持某种线性关系;在亚硫酸盐法苇浆生产过程中,座液荧光在蒸煮终点出现峰值。废液荧光分析法可望成为监测制浆、控制蒸煮的工具,可为计算机控制制浆过程提供有利的条件。     

杨木APMP制浆废液化学成分的分析

对杨木APMP制浆废液的组分进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明,杨木APMP制浆废液的固含量为12.3％,废液的主要成分为半纤维素、木素、抽出物和无机物,其相对含量分别为54％、17％、14％和15％.杨木APMP制浆废液甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)抽出物的气相液相质谱仪(GSMS)分析结果显示,抽出物中含有25种物质,其中小分子羟基酸和木素降解产物的含量分别为12％和50％.脂肪酸和甾醇是杨木APMP制浆废液亲脂性抽出物的主要成分,含量分别为29％和9％.     

CMP制浆废液改性制备胶黏剂研究进展

CMP制浆浸渍废液为工业废弃原料,其成本低、来源广,主要成分是木素和糖类,具有改性的可能,可以作为制备胶黏剂的原料来源。主要从高得率制浆方法、胶黏剂的粘接机理、CMP制浆废液的组分、CMP制浆废液的改性目的和方法等几个方面介绍了近年来国内外CMP制浆废液制备胶黏剂的研究进展,并指出了CMP制浆废液改性制备胶黏剂未来的发展方向。     

两条桉木P-RC APMP制浆工艺的实践比较

通过对比ANDRITZ公司两条P-RC APMP制浆工艺流程、制浆废液浓度、吨浆平均耗水量和废液排放量以及制浆废液在碱回收蒸发阶段的经济性等指标比较,1#P-RC APMP制浆废液浓度比2#P-RC APMP制浆废液浓度高0.66%,吨浆平均耗水量和排水量比2#P-RC APMP生产线少约2.6t,1#P-RC APMP制浆工艺优于2#P-RC APMP制浆工艺。     

竹渣填料在瓦楞原纸中的应用研究

采用竹子制浆过程中产生的竹渣为原料,将其粉碎研磨制备颗粒作为填料,并对其性能进行分析,探究了竹渣用作瓦楞原纸填料的可行性.结果表明,竹渣纤维素为纤维素Ⅰ型结构,热解温度236℃;添加竹渣填料对提高纸张的环压指数有积极的影响,且其增幅随竹渣颗粒尺寸的减小而增大.最佳的竹渣填料参数为颗粒尺寸0.316mm×29.4μm,添...     

稻木粉屑燃料棒制造工艺及产品性能的研究

利用农林废弃物制造成型燃料,有助于缓解能源危机、控制环境污染和资源浪费.文中采用生物质致密成型技术,在300℃下,以稻草碎料、稻草刨花板砂光粉和木材人造板砂光粉为原料,通过变化原料配比,试制了燃料棒产品,产品密度达到1.0～1.34 g/cm3.结果表明,在试验粒径范畴内,采用稻木碎料制造成型燃料是可行的,碎料形态和混合比例可以调控产品的致密程度及耐久性能.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the