花生多糖综合利用现状及发展前景

花生多糖是花生粕中除蛋白质以外的第二大营养成分,具有免疫调节、保护肝脏、降血压、抗氧化等生物活性,对其应用研究可以提高花生的综合利用价值和经济价值。近年来,国内外十分重视多糖类物质的提取、纯化与应用研究。该文对花生多糖的结构、功能及提取纯化工艺进行了总结,对其生物活性在食品医药领域做了讨论,并对目前花生多糖研究中存在的问题及今后的研究进行展望。     

竹叶多糖的提取纯化、结构解析及生物活性研究进展

竹叶富含多种生物活性成分,如多糖、多酚及黄酮类物质等。竹叶多糖作为竹叶提取物中的重要生物活性成分,具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤和降血脂等功效。近年来,为提高纯度、提高产率和保留生物活性,竹叶多糖的提取和纯化技术有了许多创新。其次,对竹叶多糖的复杂结构,结构与生物活性的关系及生物活性的作用机制等方面的研究也逐渐加深。本文综述了竹叶多糖在提取纯化、结构解析和生物活性等方面的研究进展,并展望了未来的研究方向,旨在为深入研究竹叶多糖提供一个全面的认识,推动竹叶多糖的进一步开发和利用,为后续开展对竹叶多糖进行结构修饰等相关研究提供新思路,以增强生物活性,并为其在食品、医药和工业领域的应用提供科学依据,进而推动竹叶资源的充分利用。     

云芝多糖生物活性及其提取纯化研究进展

云芝多糖是从云芝属真菌云芝中提取多糖类物质,由于其具有多种生物活性功能,已日益成为研究热点。该文综述云芝多糖的化学组成、生物活性及其提取纯化研究进展,并展望云芝多糖今后研究方向和发展前景。     

香菇多糖Lentinan的提取分离、生物活性和构效关系的研究进展

香菇多糖Lentinan是从香菇中分离出来的具有重要生物活性的物质,文章系统地阐述了近年来有关香菇多糖Lentinan的提取分离纯化方法、生物活性、结构与活性关系等方面的研究进展,并展望了今后香菇多糖Lentian的研究方向。     

天然多糖提取、纯化及生物活性研究进展

大量研究已经证实天然多糖具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降血糖和调节肠道菌群等功效,天然多糖在生物医药、食品和保健品等领域具有较好的开发潜力和应用前景,其提取、分离纯化、理化特性和生物活性受到国内外学者的广泛关注。但不同的原料、提取和纯化方法,导致天然多糖的结构和生物活性存在差异。本文系统综述了天然多糖最新的提取和分离纯化方法以及热点的生物活性,以期为天然多糖作为功能性食品及有效的治疗药物提供重要的参考,同时为未来基于人类健康的食品开发提供重要的依据。     

玉米粒多糖提取纯化及其生物活性研究进展

玉米粒多糖是一种从玉米粒中提取的植物多糖，具有多种生物活性，在功能食品、保健品以及医药等领域具有潜在的应用价值。以近年来国内外发表的文献为依据，总结概括了近年来玉米粒多糖的提取纯化、结构特征及其生物活性方面的研究进展，并展望了玉米粒多糖的研发方向，为进一步研究其生物活性、开发玉米粒综合利用和有效延长玉米相关产业链提供依据。     

油茶多糖的研究进展

油茶多糖是油茶中一种具有良好生物活性和重要功能性的物质。在茶多糖研究的基础上,重点综述了油茶多糖的单糖组成及其百分含量、提取、分离纯化、生物活性、工业价值、现阶段油茶多糖研究存在的问题以及未来的发展方向,为油茶多糖的综合开发和工业应用提供一些思路。     

山药多糖提取纯化工艺研究进展

山药多糖作为药食兼用植物山药中的重要活性物质,具有增强免疫、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降低血糖等多种生物活性.对近年来山药多糖的提取分离工艺、纯化方法等研究进行系统分析,为进一步探索山药多糖的提取新工艺,促进山药资源的综合开发利用提供参考.     

植物多糖研究进展

植物多糖普遍存在于自然界植物体中,具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等生物活性,而且具有低毒性,因此具有研究价值和广阔的应用前景.由于植物多糖的结构复杂,提取、纯化条件都会对其结构分析和生物活性产生一定的影响,本文从植物多糖提取,纯化、结构分析及生物活性四个方面进行概括和总结.     

海参多糖的提取纯化、化学分析方法和生物活性研究进展

海参是我国传统保健食品,具有极高的保健及营养价值。海参多糖是海参的重要活性成分之一,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等生物活性,在食品和医疗领域有着巨大的开发价值和应用潜力。海参的品种、多糖的提取和纯化方法的不同,均会使制备的海参多糖在产率、化学组成、化学结构和生物活性等方面存在一定差异。该文综述了近几年国内外关于海参多糖的提取、分离纯化、含量测定、化学组成分析的方法及其生物活性,为海参多糖的深入研究以及开发应用提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the