塑性混凝土防渗墙技术在水库除险加固工程中的应用

汝州市安沟水库除险加固工程防渗项目运用塑性混凝土防渗墙技术,采用以塑性混凝土防渗墙及帷幕灌浆为主,输水洞位置采用高喷灌浆为辅的处理方案,通过科学施工与严格管理,有效解决了建库以来历经数次加固未从根本上得到解决的渗漏问题。文章阐述了施工重点、质量控制要点以及对出现的难题进行分析论证和解决,为塑性混凝土防渗墙技术的应用积累了实践经验。     

水库大坝加固工程防渗墙设计与施工技术探讨

采取有效措施解决已建水库土石坝的渗漏及渗透破坏问题是目前水库加固领域的一个亟待解决的重要课题.塑性混凝土防渗墙具有低强度、低弹模和适应性强等特性,因而被广泛应用在水利水电工程大坝防渗加固工程中.湖南省宁远县半山水库大坝为黏土斜心墙坝,加固前大坝渗漏严重,在采用塑性混凝土防渗墙对大坝进行防渗加固后,防渗效果非常好.本文结...     

那板水库除险加固工程大坝防渗处理方案选择

介绍了那板水库的工程概况及存在的渗漏问题.对比分析了塑性混凝土防渗墙+帷幕灌浆和高压旋喷灌浆+帷幕灌浆两个加固方案的技术和经济指标,推荐现状大坝轴线位置的塑性混凝土防渗墙+帷幕灌浆方案作为防渗加固方案,并介绍了防渗墙的布置比选情况.     

刚性与塑性防渗墙组合在高土石坝中的应用

河南省窄口水库坝体心墙裂缝、坝基断层破碎带发育,渗漏严重,水库不能正常运行。通过研究分析,决定采用坝体混凝土防渗墙、两坝肩帷幕灌浆、坝顶648.0 m高程以上拆除重建的处理方案,对大坝进行全面除险加固。防渗墙采用刚塑性混凝土组合方案,上部采用塑性混凝土,下部采用普通混凝土。从施工后的坝体安全监测数据及三维非线性有限元分析结果看,刚塑性组合混凝土防渗墙很好地适应了坝体变形,满足设计防渗要求。     

水库大坝同断面坝体与坝基的防渗施工

通过对安徽省含山县和平水库大坝防渗设计多种施工技术方案比较,优选了先施工坝体塑性混凝土防渗墙后施工坝基帷幕灌浆,且在施工坝体防渗墙时预先埋设帷幕灌浆注浆管的施工方案.水库除险加固后,已蓄水3年,运行良好.     

塑性混凝土防渗墙在察尔森水库除险加固中的应用

塑性混凝土作为一种抗渗性能好、适应软基变形能力强、工程造价低、施工简单,在大中型水利工程及病险水库加固中的防渗材料应用广泛.文中通过察尔森水库除险加固工程塑性混凝土防渗墙施工应用实例,对塑性混凝土防渗墙施工中质量控制进行介绍及施工后防渗效果进行分析,可为以后同类工程施工提供参考依据.     

塑性混凝土防渗墙在彰武水库除险加固工程中的应用

塑性混凝土防渗墙是对闸坝等水工建筑物在松散透水地基中进行垂直防渗处理的主要措施之一,本文介绍了彰武水库除险加固工程中采用塑性混凝土防渗墙的施工方法、质量控制和作用。     

基于GMS的油库污染物渗漏迁移过程研究

大型油库项目在建设和运行过程中可能对区域环境造成不良影响,尤其是发生事故时可能对地下水造成一定的污染.以滨海地区拟建的某原油商业储备基地工程为例,采用GMS软件,对未采取防渗措施、采取了防渗墙和防渗层3种情景下石油类物质对地下水的污染状况进行模拟.污染物运移20 a后未采取防渗情况下,受污染的面积为5.96 km2;采取防渗墙、防渗层措施后,污染面积分别为0.72,0.83 km2.研究结果表明,采用防渗墙和防渗层均可较好地阻滞石油类污染物在地下水环境中的迁移,且防渗墙的效果更好.     

综合防渗技术在坞罗水库主坝除险加固中的应用

水库渗漏不仅浪费宝贵的水资源,而且还会引起大坝的渗透破坏,因此对病险水库进行防渗治理十分必要。结合坞罗水库除险加固工程中的加固任务,采用"混凝土防渗墙及塑性混凝土防渗墙、膨润土防水毯、水泥土、帷幕灌浆、高压喷射灌浆"六位一体的综合防渗技术,为其他水库除险加固防渗设计工程开拓了思路,具有借鉴、推广和应用价值。     

漫水湾渠首及左总干渠工程塑性混凝土防渗墙施工

漫水湾渠首及左总干渠工程基础防渗,采用塑性混凝土防渗墙及帷幕灌浆。本文介绍了塑性混凝土防渗墙施工过程、配合比试验及质量控制,为塑性混凝土防渗墙的施工参数确定、试验分析提供了依据。     

Limit equilibrium analysis of translational failure of landfills under different leachate buildup conditions

Excessive leachate levels in landfills can be a major triggering mechanism for translational failure. The scope of this paper is to present the development of the calculation methods for limit equilibrium analysis of translational failure of landfills and the effects of parametric variation on the factor of safety （FS） of landfills under different leachate buildup conditions. During the development of the calculation methods, 4 leachate buildup conditions are considered. The FS for an interface with high friction angle and low apparent cohesion generally drops much more quickly when leachate levels are increased than that for an interface under inverse conditions. The critical interface of a multilayer liner system with the lowest FS for the entire waste mass can shift from one to another with changes in the leachate levels. The different interfaces of a multilayer liner will have different FS-values under different leachate buildup conditions.     

Comparison of hydrogeologic and hydrochemical conditions between two uncontrolled landfills

Abstract

Hydrogeologic and hydrochemical conditions of two uncontrolled landfills without underlying liners, leachate collection and treatment systems in Korea were compared. The landfills are located in Cheonan and Wonju cities. With similar weather conditions, spatial distribution and temporal variations of contaminants of concern and redox parameters were largely different for the two landfills. These differences are highly associated with ages and hydrogeologic settings of the landfills. Groundwater flow diverges from the Cheonan landfill while it converges to downgradient area in the Wonju landfill. Less permeable clayey silt layer or silty soil in the subsurface limited dispersion of leachate plume in the former landfill but highly permeable sandy soil with good lateral extent facilitated rapid plume dispersion in the latter landfill. In addition, hydraulic properties of the cover soil played a role in the different development of redox conditions, which resulted in significantly different concentrations of nitrates. Most problematic contaminants at downgradient wells of the landfills are ammonia and nitrate. Especially in Wonju area, high concentrations of nitrates in downgradient groundwaters exceeding the Korean drinking water standard of 10 mg/L (as NO3‐N), essentially required a mitigation measure.     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液调节池容积计算探讨

云南省在建或已建的城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场已超过100座.生活垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液如不妥善处置,将造成较大的环境问题.介绍了垃圾渗滤液调节池计算的理论及方法,对整个计算过程进行了详细分析,并通过工程实例给予进一步说明,可供同行借鉴.     

The use of tritium content as an indicator of the groundwater contamination by sanitary landfills leachates in the region of Belo Horizonte City, Brazil

Tritium content in the leachate of sanitary landfills, in concentrations well above those observed in global precipitation, can be used as a tracer for the evaluation of the contamination of groundwater in piezometers of the landfills and in neighbouring tubular wells. This possibility was first investigated in Brazil for sanitary landfills in the region of Belo Horizonte City. Tritium levels together with the content of metals present in water and the measurement of soil electrical conductivity, proved to be valuable for these studies and also as a tracer for hydrodynamic studies of the surface water in the Ressaca creek.     

离子交换对GCL防渗能力的影响

GCL在垃圾填埋场中的用量占其总用量的90%,而填埋场中的沥滤液含有大量高于1价的阳离子(如Ca2+,Mg2+等),它们与GCL中的阳离子发生离子交换,影响GCL的防渗性能。经研究分析GCL膨润土中的阳离子与沥滤液中的阳离子发生离子交换的条件、机理、过程以及它们对GCL防渗能力的影响,提出了有针对性的解决办法。     

生活垃圾填埋场对地下水的污染研究

从分析河北省生活垃圾及其渗沥液化学成分入手,确定生活垃圾及其渗沥液的主要成分。通过实例,采用污染指数法,分析研究生活垃圾填埋场对地下水的污染情况,并总结河北省18个生活垃圾填埋场对地下水的污染规律。结果表明:生活垃圾填埋场总体上已对地下水造成了较严重污染,其污染程度因垃圾填埋场所处的地貌单元不同而有差别。     

水库大坝帷幕防渗能力衰减问题之我见

根据对国内若干座大坝的防渗帷幕运行情况进行的工程实例调查和资料分析,讨论国内外热议的大坝帷幕防渗能力衰减问题。认为我国水库大坝防渗帷幕大部分运行正常或基本正常,不存在帷幕防渗能力普遍衰减的情况;少数帷幕防渗能力衰减的主要原因并非灌浆浆液太稀所致;影响防渗帷幕耐久性的主要因素有设计质量、施工质量、不良地质条件和浆材浆液等;欧洲一些水利工程发生帷幕防渗能力衰减现象较为普遍,有可能是灌浆方法简单和防渗标准较低所致。     

城市固体废弃物填埋场边坡地震响应分析

随着城市化进程的加快,城市垃圾存放已成为政府部门的棘手问题,而城市垃圾填埋场的稳定问题已经引起有关部门的重视。采用有限元分析法,结合某城市垃圾填埋场所处场地地震特性,选择人工合成地震波作为地震动输入,分别考虑边坡在有衬垫层和无衬垫层条件,以及本构模型(HSsmall模型和摩尔-库仑模型)等影响因素,对影响填埋场边坡动力响应的因素进行分析。结果表明,衬垫层的存在对边坡动力响应影响较大,HSsmall本构模型反映了土在动力作用下的特性,计算的结果更合理。分析结果可为垃圾填埋场边坡动力响应规律的研究提供依据。     

Use of clayey soils of quaternary deposits in anti-seepage curtains of water-development works

Quality control is presented for the placement of clayey soils in anti-seepage curtains.     

Toxicity and treatability of leachate: application of UASB reactor for leachate treatment from Okhla landfill, New Delhi

This study reports applicability of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process to treat the leachate from a municipal landfill located in Delhi. A laboratory scale reactor was operated at an organic loading rate of 3.00 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m(3) d corresponding to a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h for over 8 months. The effect of toxicity of leachate, and feed composition on the treatability of leachate was evaluated. Average COD of the leachate, during the study period varied between 8,880 and 66,420 mg/l. Toxicity of the leachate used during a period of 8 months varied from LC50 1.22 to 12.35 for 96 h. The removal efficiency of soluble COD ranged between 91 and 67% for fresh leachate and decreased drastically from 90 to 35% for old leachate having high toxicity. The efficiency varied from 81 to 65%. The reactor performed more efficiently for the treatment of fresh leachate (less toxic, LC50 11.64, 12.35, and 12.15 for 96 h) as compared with old leachate (more toxic, LC50 1.22 for 96 h). Toxicity of the leachate affected its treatment potential by the UASB.