计算机数控系统光滑时间最优轨迹规划

基于控制向量参数化(CVP)方法, 研究了计算机数控(CNC)系统光滑时间最优轨迹规划方法. 通过在规划问题中引入加加速度约束, 实现轨迹的光滑给进. 引入时间归一化因子, 将加加速度约束的时间最优轨迹规划问题转化为固定时间的一般性最优控制问题. 以路径参数对时间的三阶导数(伪加加速度)和终端时刻为优化变量, 并采用分段常数近似伪加加速度, 将最优控制问题转化为一般的非线性规划(NLP)问题进行求解. 针对加加速度、加速度等过程不等式约束, 引入约束凝聚函数, 将过程约束转化为终端时刻约束, 从而显著减少约束计算. 构造目标和约束函数的Hamiltonian函数, 利用伴随方法获得求解NLP问题所需的梯度.     

A computer model for power system control

A forward dynamic programming formulation of the optimal commitment of units for economic power generation is proposed, and it is shown how advantage is taken of the characteristics of the formulation as well as the structure of the problem itself to impose limiting conditions which reduce the size and complexity of the solution, while still ensuring that the generating schedules determined are costefficient. By employing a number of strategies which control the multiplicity of states, the proposed method eliminates the necessity for large computer storage—a drawback in the early dynamic programming methods. Operating constraints like non-linearities in the cost characteristics of units, deterministic spinning reserve, time-dependent start-up costs are incorporated in the model and operating schedules are produced over a 24-h horizon. Computational experience with the technique indicates its potentiality for on-line computer implementation.     

基于MATLAB的运动控制系统实验平台设计

针对运动控制系统课程在传统教学中,学生在课程理论知识学习和利用Matlab/Simulink仿真阶段,缺少实际控制单元设计与开发实际工程训练的问题,设计了一个基于Matlab的运动控制系统实验平台,在实验平台使用基于模型设计的方法可实现从仿真测试到实物测试一体化;通过介绍实验平台中的PC端环境配置流程以及实验平台中驱动器的构成给出了实验平台的总体设计方案;说明了实验平台应用基于模型设计的方法实现代码自动生成的流程,并对基于模型设计的开发流程进行了详细的阐述;通过案例永磁同步电机转速、电流双闭环控制系统在实验平台经过模型在环仿真、软件在环仿真、处理器在环仿真,最后到实验平台进行实物测试的流程与实验结果来达到验证实验平台的优点及其可行性和有效性的目的。     

A framework for fuzzy knowledge based control

Two major problems appear during the design of a framework. The first is related to synthesizing generic elements for a family of applications and connecting them to an integrated control flow. The second lies in the design of a powerful, modular, reliable architecture that is easy to (re)use and understand. The fact of including design patterns in the architecture of frameworks minimizes the second problem. Indeed, design patterns provide proven, flexible, well‐engineered design solutions at a higher abstraction level than classes. Their associated documentation records information from experienced object‐oriented designers about solutions to recurrent problems, about contexts in which the patterns are applicable, about forces involved and consequences related to their use. This paper presents a number of the benefits of integrating design patterns in the development of an object‐oriented framework related to fuzzy logic control. It also reports on an object‐oriented design for Fuzzy Knowledge Based Control (FKBC) that includes design patterns to facilitate the development, maintenance and documentation of the FKBC framework. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A decision-making framework model for design and manufacturing of mechanical transmission system development

Knowledge-based systems are proving to be a powerful tool with great potential for developing intelligent design support environments to improve quality of products and reduce product development costs by eliminating or minimizing many of the trial-and-error iterations involved in product development. This article describes an approach towards the development of intelligent design support environments for mechanical transmission systems, along with implementation details of a distributed knowledge-based gearing design and manufacturing system that is deployed over the Internet. The system embodies the various tasks of the design process, with modules that address: performance evaluation, process optimization, manufacturability analysis, and provides reasoning and decision-making capabilities for reducing the time between gear tooth creation, detailed design and final production. This methodology is highly desirable in that it is able to simulate real working conditions, evaluate and optimize the design effectively, prevent designers from time-consuming iterations and reduce long and expensive test phases.     

Performance of multiclass BCMP model for computer system based on fuzzy set theory

The purpose of this paper is to combine the ability of fuzzy set to represent more realistic situations with the well-established traditional queueing system model problem. We are forced to employ subjective probabilities when there is no information about a model or some parameters of a model are vague. The information and data are very fuzzy, because they are frequently very little, 'and may be sometimes obtained from experts subjectively. We apply fuzzy set theory to the closed multiclass model with the fuzzy queues. thus, we represent the characteristic and performance of the closed multiclass model based on the proposed fuzzy set theory.     

A framework for design of scheduled output feedback model predictive control

We present a stabilizing scheduled output feedback Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm for constrained nonlinear systems with large operating regions. We design a set of local output feedback predictive controllers with their estimated regions of stability covering the desired operating region, and implement them as a single scheduled output feedback MPC which on-line switches between the set of local controllers and achieves nonlinear transitions with guaranteed stability. This algorithm provides a general framework for scheduled output feedback MPC design.     

A personal computer based expert system framework for the design of experiments

In the field of industrial engineering, experimental design play a large role in the manufacturing quality. Knowledge based systems for parameter design will provide the quality engineer with a powerful tool to increase quality. Just as the past ten years saw a movement away from inspection to statistical process control, the future will see a shift from statistical process control to system and parameter design. Improvements in quality will increasingly come from products that are robust in design which will perform well in the very variable environment that is the global market.     

A web services framework for distributed model management

Distributed model management aims to support the wide-spread sharing and usage of decision support models. Web services is a promising technology for supporting distributed model management activities such as model creation and delivery, model composition, model execution and model maintenance to fulfill dynamic decision-support and problem solving requests. We propose a web services based framework for model management (called MM-WS) to support various activities of the model management life cycle. The framework is based on the recently proposed Integrated Service Planning and Execution (ISP & E) approach for web services integration. We discuss encoding of domain knowledge (as individual models) and utilize the MM-WS framework to interleave synthesis of composite models with their execution. A prototypical implementation with an example is used to illustrate the utility of the framework to enable distributed model management and knowledge integration. Benefits and issues of using the framework to support model-based decision-making in organizational contexts are outlined.

A nonlinear model predictive control system based on Wiener piecewise linear models

In this paper a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) based on a Wiener model with a piecewise linear gain is presented. This approach retains all the interested properties of the classical linear model predictive control (MPC) and keeps computations easy to solve due to the canonical structure of the nonlinear gain. Some guidelines for the identification of the nominal model as well as the uncertainty bounds are discussed, and two examples that show the possibility of application of this control scheme to real life problems are presented.     

A system integration framework for coupled multiphysics simulations

Multiphysics simulations are playing an increasingly important role in computational science and engineering for applications ranging from aircraft design to medical treatments. These simulations require integration of techniques and tools from multiple disciplines, and in turn demand new advanced technologies to integrate independently developed physics solvers effectively. In this paper, we describe some numerical, geometrical, and system software components required by such integration, with a concrete case study of detailed, three-dimensional, parallel rocket simulations involving system-level interactions among fluid, solid, and combustion, as well as subsystem-level interactions. We package these components into a software framework that provides common-refinement based methods for transferring data between potentially non-matching meshes, novel and robust face-offsetting methods for tracking Lagrangian surface meshes, as well as integrated support for parallel mesh optimization, remeshing, algebraic manipulations, performance monitoring, and high-level data management and I/O. From these general, reusable framework components we construct domain-specific building blocks to facilitate integration of parallel, multiphysics simulations from high-level specifications that are easy to read and can also be visualized graphically. These reusable building blocks are integrated with independently developed physics codes to perform various multiphysics simulations.     

Process control in CNC manufacturing for discrete components: A STEP-NC compliant framework

With today's highly competitive global manufacturing marketplace, the pressure for right-first-time manufacture has never been so high. New emerging data standards combined with machine data collection methods, such as in-process verification lead the way to a complete paradigm shift from the traditional manufacturing and inspection to intelligent networked process control. Low-level G and M codes offer very limited information on machine capabilities or work piece characteristics which consequently, results in no information being available on manufacturing processes, inspection plans and work piece attributes in terms of tolerances, etc. and design features to computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. One solution to the aforementioned problems is using STEP-NC (ISO 14649) suite of standards, which aim to provide higher-level information for process control. In this paper, the authors provide a definition for process control in CNC manufacturing and identify the challenges in achieving process control in current CNC manufacturing scenario. The paper then introduces a STEP-compliant framework that makes use of self-learning algorithms that enable the manufacturing system to learn from previous data and results in eliminating the errors and consistently producing quality products. The framework relies on knowledge discovery methods such as data mining encapsulated in a process analyser to derive rules for corrective measures to control the manufacturing process. The design for the knowledge-based process analyser and the various process control mechanisms conclude the paper.     

A distributed control framework for smart grid development: Energy/water system optimal operation and electric grid integration

In this work, we propose a conceptual distributed control framework for electrical grid integrated with distributed renewable energy generation systems in order to enable the development of the so-called “smart electrical grid”. First, we introduce the key elements and their interactions in the proposed control architecture and discuss the design of the distributed control systems which are able to coordinate their actions to account for optimization considerations on the system operation. Subsequently, we focus on a specific wind/solar energy generation system connected to a reverse osmosis water desalination system and the electrical grid and design two supervisory predictive controllers via model predictive control to operate the integrated system taking into account short-term and long-term optimal maintenance and operation considerations, respectively. Simulations are carried out to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A stabilizing model predictive control for networked control system with data packet dropout

A constrained model predictive control （MPC） algorithm for networked control system with data packet dropout is proposed in this paper. A buffer is designed to store the predicted control sequence between controller and actuator. It is shown that if the control horizon of MPC is not less than the number of data packets lost continuously, feasibility of MPC at initial time implies asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system. A simulation example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Case based reasoning method for computer aided welding fixture design

This paper presents a case-based reasoning (CBR) method for welding fixture design, a critical issue in the manufacturing of large and complicated equipment. However, previous fixture design research has mainly focused on machining fixtures rather than welding fixtures. In this paper, an approach of data abstraction for fixture design information representation is proposed, first to systemize and manage myriads of fixture related resources, e.g., past fixture design solutions, fixture units depository. Based on this approach, a multi-level CBR method for welding fixture design is then presented. This method could help designers, by referencing previous design cases, to make a conceptual fixturing solution quickly and, finally, finish the detailed solution of fixture design.     

A process control system for cryogenic CNC elastomer machining

The application of cryogenics in manufacturing has previously received significant attention in supporting manufacturing processes. This paper explores the continued application of cryogenic manufacturing for producing personalised products. This paper presents the novel concept of cryogenic CNC machining of elastomers and the development of a process control system for cryogenic CNC machining. The control process is illustrated alongside material dependent machining data and example soft elastomer machined parts. An enhancement to the process is also detailed within a closed loop thermally monitored cryogenic CNC machining facility.     

A model integration framework for linking SWAT and MODFLOW

Assessment of long-term anthropogenic impacts on agro-ecosystems requires comprehensive modelling capabilities to simulate water interactions between the surface and groundwater domains. To address this need, a modelling framework, called “SWATmf”, was developed to link and integrate the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a widely used surface watershed model with the MODFLOW, a groundwater model. The SWATmf is designed to serve as a project manager, builder, and model performance evaluator, and to facilitate dynamic interactions between surface and groundwater domains at the watershed scale, thus providing a platform for simulating surface and groundwater interactions. Using datasets from the Fort Cobb Reservoir experimental watershed (located in Oklahoma, USA), the SWATmf to facilitate linkage and dynamic simulation of SWAT and MODFLOW models. Simulated streamflow and groundwater levels generally agreed with observations trends showing that the SWATmf can be used for simulating surface and groundwater interactions.     

Design of internal model control based fractional order PID controller

This article presents a design of the internal model control(IMC)based single degree of freedom(SDF) fractional order(FO)PID controller with a desired bandwidth specification for a class of fractional order system(FOS). The drawbacks of the SDF FO-IMC are eliminated with the help of the two-degree of freedom(TDF)FO PID controller. The robust stability and robust performance of the designed controller are analyzed using an example.     

一种基于多Agent系统的企业应用集成框架

在利用Agent模板语言(APL)进行多Agent系统(MAS)快速开发的基础上,提出了基于APL和多Agent系统的面向过程的企业应用集成框架。根据业务过程的一般结构与特征,框架采用分层的业务逻辑模型,实现业务逻辑与业务执行的分离。通过这种方式避免企业业务流程的局部变化引起系统整体结构的较大变动。同时在利用APL对业务过程进行描述的过程中引入了角色与结构化活动,一方面使得用户能够根据角色把业务过程分解为子过程,另外结构化活动的引入弥补了APL在描述复杂业务流程方面的不足。通过这种方式,使得用户能够利用所提出框架,提高企业应用集成系统的开发效率,增强系统的灵活性。