MgCl_2侵蚀对水泥-矿渣硬化浆体相组成与演变的影响

研究了10%质量浓度的MgCl_2侵蚀溶液下,不同矿渣掺量(0%、20%、40%、60%)水泥-矿渣硬化浆体在不同侵蚀龄期的水化程度、水化产物相组成、C-S-H凝胶的平均分子链长(MCL)、含铝相产物迁移与转变规律。XRD、29SiNMR、27AlNMR和SEM-EDS测试结果可知:随着矿渣掺量的增加,硬化浆体固化Cl-能力增加。同时,矿渣中的Al[4]-S水解可进入C-S-H凝胶硅氧链,C-S-H凝胶Al[4]/Si增加,进而提高硬化浆体的抗MgCl_2侵蚀溶液的脱铝作用;且矿渣的掺入降低了C-S-H凝胶Ca/Si,提高了C-S-H凝胶稳定性。随着MgCl_2侵蚀龄期的延长,纯水泥硬化浆体中含铝相水化产物向Al[6]-E转化,水泥-矿渣硬化浆体含铝相水化产物向Al[6]-M/F转化。     

模拟高盐、高碱中低放废液水泥固化体的浸出性能

针对高盐、高碱中低水平放射性废液的特性,研究了掺合料的种类、掺量对水泥固化体Sr^2＋,Cs^＋的浸出性能的影响。结果表明,矿渣和粉煤灰同时掺入,对降低Sr^2＋的浸出率较为明显;沸石、凹凸棒石的掺入,对降低Cs^＋的浸出率显著。当硅酸盐水泥：矿渣：粉煤灰：沸石：凹凸棒石=4：2：2：1：1时,42dCs^＋的累积浸出率仅为未含掺合料时的15．2％。浸出液的电导率表明,矿渣、粉煤灰、沸石、凹凸棒石的掺入对废液中的可溶性盐固化有利。用掺有矿渣、粉煤灰、沸石、凹凸棒石的硅酸盐水泥固化模拟高盐、高碱中低水平放射性废液时,固化体中Sr^2＋,Cs^＋的浸出率可以满足GB14569．1—2011的要求。     

硅灰对水泥基材料热膨胀性能影响的研究

通过在水泥基材料中加入矿物掺合料硅灰,利用差示热膨胀测试方法对其热膨胀率进行了研究,结果表明:掺入硅灰的水泥石热膨胀率变化趋势与纯水泥石相似,均表现为随着温度的升高先增加后显著降低的规律,而硅灰的加入使水泥石在高温时产生比纯水泥石更大的收缩。借助于TG-DTA和XRD测试手段,对掺加硅灰后水泥石的热膨胀性能变化规律进行了机理分析,得出硅灰的掺入形成了大量C-S-H凝胶,高温作用下凝胶脱水使其体积明显收缩的结论。     

活性矿物掺合料对超高性能水泥基材料的影响

通过复掺粉煤灰和硅灰,制备一种抗压强度超过200 MPa的超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC),采用扫描电镜、微区能谱分析、X射线衍射、汞压入法和差示扫描量热分析等现代测试手段,研究了活性矿物掺合料对UHPCC微观结构及性能的影响.实验结果表明,UHPCC水泥石主要以低mCa/mSi、结构致密的C-S-H凝胶和许多未水化颗粒组成;活性矿物掺合料的火山灰效应使水泥浆体与集料间界面过渡区得以改善;矿物掺合料的微集料效应使体系颗粒级配优化,致使基体内部结构致密,总孔隙率减小,孔尺寸得到细化,孔结构得以优化,材料性能得以提高.     

集料与硅酸盐水泥石界面区的若干研究

利用XRD层析法和SEM研究了集料与硅酸盐水泥石界面区的组成、CH晶体取向指数等。实验结果表明,界面区中水化产物主要是C-S-H凝胶、CH晶体、AFt、孔隙以及未水化的熟料矿物;界面区中CH晶体发育良好,取向作用较强,界面处它以(001)面平行于集料表面生长;水化龄期增长或水灰比提高时,CH晶体取向作用增强,而且水灰比高时,界面区中孔洞、裂纹增多,降低界面粘结强度;水泥中掺入5.0%wt硅灰后,CH晶体取向作用下降;水泥中掺入5.0wt%FDN减水剂,由于水泥早期水化程度低,对水泥石-集料早期粘结强度不利,但28d后其粘结强度就能赶上并超过其它试样。     

硅灰改性水泥固化含U（Ⅵ）模拟有机废液试验

以铝酸盐水泥（Aluminate Cement,AC）和普通硅酸盐水泥（Ordinary Portland Cement,OPC）为基材,活性炭为吸附剂,硅灰、聚合物外加剂为水泥改性剂,研究了水泥种类、改性剂掺量、水胶比等因素对模拟混合浆体流动度、固化体的有机废液最大包容量的影响,测定了优化配方条件下固化体的力学性能及U（Ⅵ）浸出性能。结果表明：硅灰（Silicon Fume,SF）和聚合物外加剂协同作用下,可以显著提高有机废液的最大包容量。当硅灰掺量为15%,聚合物外加剂掺量为2%,水胶比为0.45,OPC及AC固化体有机废液的包容量分别可达21%和24%;优化配方条件下,固化体28 d抗压强度均大于20 MPa,抗冲击性合格,U（Ⅵ）42 d浸出率均为2×10-6cm/d,符合GB 14569.1-93的要求。     

不同含铝材料对水泥石固化氯离子能力的影响

采用化学分析、XRD、SEM等方法研究了掺加不同含铝材料(矿渣、偏高岭土、高铝水泥)水泥石对氯离子固化能力的影响,同时又测定了其强度.研究结果表明：随着含铝材料掺量的增加,水泥石中弗里德尔盐(Friedel’s salt)的含量显著增加;矿渣、偏高岭土、高铝水泥掺量分别为50%,25%,20%时,固化率达到最大值;SO₄^2-会显著降低水泥石对氯离子的固化率;含铝材料掺入合适的量对水泥石的强度有促进作用,并确定偏高岭土、高铝水泥的最佳掺量分别为20%、10%.     

基于渗流理论的矿物掺合料效应分析方法

根据基于渗流理论的孔隙率强度模型的物理意义,认为利用矿物掺合料硬化浆体数据拟合的模型参数值以及不同龄期孔隙率-强度数据点与纯水泥拟合曲线的偏差,可分析矿物掺合料的掺合料效应。对钢渣、矿渣和粉煤灰等的掺合料效应分析表明,矿物掺合料均能在一定程度上提高孔在三维空间渗流临界点的水泥石强度σ0,体现了其微集料效应。因不同矿物掺合料的二次水化反应能力差异,在长短不一的水化早期内使其硬化浆体强度较纯水泥有一定下降,体现出不同程度的强度负效应,而在水化后期,各矿物掺合料均体现出一定的强度正效应。     

合成水化硅酸钙对水泥基材料微观力学性能的影响

采用水热法合成水化硅酸钙(C-S-H),并将其掺入水泥中,研究其对水泥基材料微纳米力学性能的影响.利用XRD对合成产物进行表征,采用纳米压痕技术对掺有C-S-H的水泥水化产物的弹性模量、硬度等纳米力学性能进行测试,并对纳米压痕试验数据进行分析.结果表明:人工制备的C-S-H能有效地促进水泥水化,填充水泥浆体中的孔隙;随...     

赤泥-粉煤灰-矿渣碱激发胶凝材料性质的研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰、矿渣等工业废渣为主要原料制备碱激发胶凝材料,通过正交实验找出了赤泥、矿渣和粉煤灰的最佳配比。当赤泥与粉煤灰比例为3∶1、矿渣的掺量为40%、12%硅酸钠促硬剂为0.12A、减水剂为0.7%时,所制备的碱激发胶凝材料力学性能较好。用蒸压养护制度可得出性能最优的碱激发胶凝材料。赤泥-粉煤灰-矿渣碱激发胶凝材料具有一定的耐酸碱盐腐蚀性、耐高温性能和良好的抗冻性能;吸水率由高到低依次为:水泥、净浆试体、胶砂试体Ⅰ(灰砂比为2∶1)、胶砂试体Ⅱ(灰砂比为1∶1)。X-射线衍射分析表明:在碱激发胶凝材料中生成了大量的铝硅酸盐和钙硅酸盐的复合反应产物,如:莫来石(K2O.Na2O.H2O、Al6Si2O13)、托勃莫来石和C-S-H、C2-S-H凝胶产物等。该类材料不仅具有类似有机聚合物的完整岛状结构及链状结构,还能与矿物颗粒表面的[SiO4]4-和[AlO4]4-四面体通过脱烃基作用形成化学键;来源于原料中Ca(OH)2的C-S-H凝胶多生成于水泥水化的C-S-H凝胶孔隙之中,从而大大提高了结构密实度,是其获得高强度的直接原因。     

超硫酸盐水泥的水化产物及孔结构特性

采用抗压强度试验、X射线衍射分析、电镜扫描及压汞仪法等测试技术,测试和分析了超硫酸盐水泥在不同龄期的强度、水化产物及孔结构,并将其与普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥对比,探讨超硫酸盐水泥的水化机理.研究结果表明,超硫酸盐水泥早期强度较低,但后期强度发展快,28 d强度高于42.5普硅水泥;超硫酸盐水泥的主要水化产物为水化硅酸钙、钙矾石及少量石膏晶体,未见普硅水泥及矿渣水泥的主要水化产物氢氧化钙;90 d时,超硫酸盐水泥硬化浆体的阈值孔径、最可几孔径、中孔孔径及平均孔径均小于普硅水泥和矿渣水泥,具有更小的孔隙率和更高的密实度,有效地促进了超硫酸盐水泥后期强度的增长.     

矿物掺合料对混凝土氯离子渗透扩散性研究

研究了不同种类、不同掺量的矿物掺合料对混凝土氯离子渗透性的影响,试验结果显示:单掺矿物掺合料(磨细粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰)改善混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力,且改善效果硅灰最佳,磨细粉煤灰其次,矿渣最差.从机理上分析,矿物掺合料的火山灰效应改善了混凝土中水泥石与集料之间的薄弱界面,降低孔隙率,使孔细化,同时生成更多低碱度的C-S-H凝胶增加混凝土的Cl-固化能力,从而提高了混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力.     

无熟料高炉矿渣水泥的物料配比与性能的关系

研究了Ca（OH）2、硬石膏及少量可溶性钙盐（甲酸钙、乙酸钙等）复合对高炉矿渣活性的激发作用及物料配比与性能的关系。结果表明：Ca（OH）2与硬石膏复合对矿渣活性有一定的激发效果,可溶性钙盐的加入降低了水泥的pH值,进一步激发了矿渣的活性,乙酸钙（Ca（CH2COOH）2）的激发效果好于甲酸钙（Ca（COOH）2）;在矿渣掺量为80％,Ca（OH）2掺量15％,硬石膏掺量5％,外加1．0％Ca（CH2COOH）2生产出的无熟料水泥28d抗压强度达54．6MPa;Ca（COOH）2与硬石膏促进高炉矿渣水化的主要水化产物为钙矾石和C—S—H凝胶。     

Influence of New Compound Admixture on Shotcrete Performance

To analyze the influence of new compound admixture on shotcrete performance, the ordinary Portland cement pr425 was used as matrix components. The optimum proportion of admixture was obtained by analyzing the influence of content on cement setting time and compressive strength. The microstructure of cement test block and the mechanism of reducing dust of composite macromolecule admixture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the ratio of polyacrylic acid was 0.02%. The ratio of J85 accelerator was 5%. The ratio of bentonite was 4.5% in composite admixture. The most optimal content of admixture in the slurry was 7%. The compound coagulant formed by additive together with C_3 A, C_4 AF which provided nucleation for hydration and crystallization of C_3S and C_3S, and played an active role to promote the activity of the mineral admixture in cement, and increased the elastic modulus of C-S-H gel and accelerated the hydration process of portland cement. Bentonite and polyacrylic acid promote the wettability, cohesiveness and workability of cement paste in the process of hydration. The formation of cement test block gel was even. The interface between the matrix phase and the aggregate phase was not obvious which ensured the matching between the matrix and the aggregate phase. The addition of bentonite formed hydrogen bonds in cement paste and improved the cohesiveness of the system. The J-85 accelerator promoted the combination of aluminate and gypsum which hindered the formation of calcium carbide around the cement particles which made cement rapid condensation. Polyacrylic acid mainly changed the strength of hydroxyl absorption peak in cement paste to improve the initial strength of cement test block. The addition of new admixtures promoted the process of cement hydration to be more thorough and affected the later strength development of concrete by affecting the formation of calcium carbonate stone.     

Hydration products of cement-silica fume-quartz powder mixture under different curing regimes

Composition, morphology, and structure of hydration products in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement(cement-silica fume, cement-quartz powder and cement-silica fume-quartz powder) hydrated under different curing regimes(standard curing, 90 ℃ steam curing, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ autoclave curing) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with EDAX system. Results showed that the main hydration products in three kinds of hardened pastes under standard curing condition are all C-S-H gels, CH, and AFt. Under 90 ℃ steam curing condition, the main hydration products of cement-silica fume and cement-silica fume-quartz powder are C-S-H gels, whereas those of cement-quartz powder are C-S-H and CH. Under 200 or 250 ℃ autoclave curing condition, no obvious crystallized CH phase is found in hardened pastes of three kinds of blended cement, and C-S-H gels are transformed into one or more crystalline phases such as tobermorite, jennite, and xonotlite. The chemical composition and morphology of these crystalline phases depend on the composition of mixture and autoclave temperature.     

Influence of Thermally Treated Flue Gas Desulfurization （FGD） Gypsum on Performance of the Slag Powder Concrete

The feasibility of flue gas desulphurization （FGD） as concrete admixture was studied. A combined concrete admixture of the thermally-treated FGD gypsum and slag powder was explored. The FGD gypsum was roasted at 200℃ for 60 min and then mixed with the slag powder to form FGD gypsum-slag powder combined admixture in which the SO3 content was 3.5wt%. Cement was partially and equivalently replaced by slag powder alone or FGD gypsum-slag powder, at concentration of 25wt%, 40wt%, and 50wt%, respectively. The setting times, hydration products, total porosity and pore size distributions of the paste were determined. The compressive strength and drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete were also tested. The experimental results show that, in the presence of FGD gypsum, the setting times are much slower than those of pastes in the absence of FGD gypsum. The combination of FGD gypsum and slag powder provides synergistic benefits above that of slag powder alone. The addition of FGD gypsum provides benefit by promoting ettringite formation and forms a compact microstructure, increasing the compressive strength and reduces the drying shrinkage of cement mortar and concrete.     

掺大量混合材水泥组分优化与性能研究

研究了在混磨工艺下,大掺量混合材水泥中粉煤灰、矿渣的优化比例.固定混合材总量为44%和粉磨时间不变,对不同粉煤灰、矿渣用量的水泥颗粒级配和力学强度进行了测试,同时分析了掺混合材对水泥石孔隙结构和微观形貌的影响.结果表明：矿渣掺量占总混合材料用量的27%～34%时,水泥颗粒级配和力学性能最佳.掺配比例合理的大量混合材使水泥石孔隙结构细化,水泥石中大于100μm的粗孔明显减少或消失,即显著增加了小于0.1μm的细孔含量;同时可使水泥石微观结构均匀致密,大量层片状聚集的氢氧化钙晶体消失.     

The influence of steel slag with high Al2O3 content on the initial hydration of cement

The initial hydration of steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content and its influence on the initial hydration of cement were investigated in this study. Steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content may contain much calcium aluminate mineral but very little gypsum. The steel slag hydrates much more quickly than cement in the initial hydration period, producing many flake products which have a great influence on the fluidity, initial setting time, and adsorption level of superplasticizer of paste. Replacing part of cement by steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content can change the hydration condition of calcium aluminate mineral of the cement by decreasing the gypsum to calcium aluminate mineral ratio, resulting in accelerating the hydration rate of calcium aluminate mineral in the initial hydration period. Paste containing steel slag with high Al₂O₃ content has a shorter initial setting time, higher adsorption level of superplasticizer, and greater loss in fluidity than the pure cement paste.