Optimization of central places in an industrial economy

This paper presents a model to determine the optimal number, size, location and allocation of central places in industrial economies. We consider a hierarchy of central places ranging from towns, cities and a regional capital. The model is based upon the minimization of the total cost (sum of the manufacturing cost and distribution cost). The manufacturing cost is taken as a function of city size and the optimal distribution of manufacturing firms is the same as the optimal distribution of central places. The total cost function is a non-linear one and it has integer variables. A heuristic procedure is described for the solution. To extend the model into a more generalized form by including other activities is also discussed.     

The hidden costs of gentrification: Displacement in central London

This paper explores the process of displacement fromgentrification in three areas in central London. Taking as itsfocus the recent stress in policy documents on the need for mixedcommunities, the paper argues that extensive gentrification inthe case study areas threatens the sustainability of communitynetworks and of those services which excluded groups rely on.Drawing on disparate sources of data, the paper pieces together apicture of the scale and experience of displacement. It arguesthat there is a need to rethink the laissez faire policytoward neighbourhoods and the desirability with which many viewinfluxes of wealthy households into previously poor areas.     

关于伸缩缝间距问题的讨论

讨论了近年来国内外有关伸缩缝设置间距问题的研究,分别阐述了＂抗＂和＂放＂两种观点,并提出了最有效的抑制温湿胀缩变形裂缝的好办法,以期完善对温度胀缩裂缝机理问题的认识。     

The neglected places of practice

This paper situates the micro-politics of planning in the array of places in which practice occurs. Using a case study of the attempted siting of a sanitary landfill in Iowa (USA), it argues that places of practice influence not only planning deliberations, but also who participates and the transparency of the planning process. These places are thus central to our understanding of planning events as well as to the realization of democratic and just planning. The paper concludes with a discussion of the differences among place, space, and context, and a call for practice-based theorists to attend to practice places.     

小净距隧道施工

以某高速公路隧道为例,阐述了小净距隧道的特点及施工原则,同时详细介绍了小净距隧道的施工方法及技术控制要点,从而促进小净距隧道设计与施工技术的发展。     

散热器背面与墙距离对散热量的影响

通过实验研究给出了几种常用散热器距墙不同时的散热量，并经过分析指出：散热器紧贴墙面安装会使散热量降低；板式散热器在距墙３ｃｍ时散热量最大；柱型散热器距墙１～５ｃｍ时散热量无大变化。     

公共娱乐场所火灾危险性分析及预防措施

就当前公共娱乐场所火灾频发,造成大量人员群死群伤,给国家和人民群众带来巨大财产损失和痛苦以及公共娱乐场所建筑特点、火灾原因进行简要论述和分析。通过简要论述和分析,提出了公共娱乐场所安全防火对策。     

桩基础设计中桩距的合理选取

通过对国内外研究资料的总结，分析了竖向荷载作用下桩距对群桩的侧阻力、端阻力和承台土抗力群桩效应以及承载力群桩效应的影响，提出了在合理选取桩距时应考虑的一些问题。     

小场所消防安全管理难点与对策

通过对小场所火灾危险性现状的调查,分析其产生的主要原因,探讨小场所消防监管的困难,提出明确消防责任主体、严格场所布局设置、落实日常管理措施、保障疏散与防火分隔、注重初期火灾扑救等小场所消防安全管理的对策,以期有效遏制小火亡人事故多发、易发的态势.     

试论公共场所消防监督管理难点

对于目前的公共场所来讲,其具有结构复杂以及人流量相对较大等特点,并且公共场所也存在着较大的安全隐患,一旦发生火灾,将很容易造成重大的财产损失或者人员伤亡.为此,就需要相关人士进一步地强化公共场所的管理工作,尤其是要切实的做好消防监督管理工作,这是目前值得深入思考的一大课题.本文主要对公共场所消防监督管理进行研究,以供相关专业人士进行参考和借鉴.     

探讨公共场所消防监督管理难点

近年来,我国经济发展速度不断加快,城市化发展日益繁盛,以商场、医院、娱乐场所为主的城市公共场所建设不断上升。这给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利,但是公共场所的消防安全管理工作形势却十分严峻。由于公共场所人流量较大、密集程度较高,因此,发生重大火灾事故的概率也相对较大,极容易给人民群众的生命安全造成严重的危害。为加强公共场所消防安全管理水平,消防部门需要加强公共场所的消防监督检查工作的力度。文章将从当前消防监督工作的现状出发,深入探讨公共聚集场所内部所存在的消防监督问题,并针对问题提出相关的解决意见。     

Knowing the impact costs

Though dealing with North American practice, this article on quantifying the true costs arising from changes during construction is considered from the analytical rather than the legal standpoint, and thus raises issues of wider interest. Four main guidelines for the contractor are presented and discussed, concerned principally with the logical analysis of the impact on ‘normal’ productivity and the methods of quantifying the effects correctly. The author is head of management consultants Revay and Associates, of Canada.