板料凹弯边橡皮成形回弹分析与控制方法

橡皮成形是飞机制造业中的一种非常重要的加工方法,凹弯边成形是橡皮成形的典型形式之一。该文采用正交试验方法分析了不同因素对凹弯边回弹的影响。发现,随着模具半径的增加,回弹增加;随着倒角半径、翻边高度的增加,回弹先降低后增大;随着压力的增加,回弹先增加后降低。并选择一典型凹弯边实际零件进行回弹分析,建立了模拟模型。发现,模拟过程能够很好的预测回弹量。基于模拟和实验结果进行修模,成形后的零件回弹均达到要求。对于下陷成形,采用硬度较高的聚氨酯和较大压力,即可达到一次成形的目的。     

橡皮液压成形直弯边回弹试验与分析研究

橡皮成形是飞机制造业中的一种非常重要的加工方法,直弯边成形是橡皮成形的主要形式之一。分析了不同材料厚度和圆角半径下90°直弯边的翻边成形高度和回弹量,并采用试验进行了比较。发现随着厚度和弯曲圆角半径的增加,翻边高度增大。翻边高度理论和试验间存在偏差是由于中性层向内移动所致。回弹随着弯曲半径的增加而增加,随着厚度的增加而下降。分析值比试验值普遍要高0.5°左右。对橡皮成形过程的影响因素压力和保压时间进行了试验,发现压力和保压时间对回弹影响较小。     

TB5钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形简化模型及成形极限研究

基于凸弯边橡皮成形模拟分析和试验验证,分析了橡皮的不同简化模型对凸弯边橡皮成形起皱模拟精度的影响。在用ABAQUS模拟凸弯边橡皮成形时,橡皮简化为厚向4 mm的体单元网格,并用增强的沙漏控制模型,可兼顾计算精度和计算效率。基于工艺参数对凸弯边橡皮成形起皱规律的影响规律,确定了影响凸弯边橡皮成形的橡皮硬度和压力的最佳工艺参数。基于有限元模拟和试验设计,获取不同几何结构的凸弯边橡皮成形极限弯边高度。通过数学分析方法,建立了TB5钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形极限预测模型,并用试验验证其预测的准确性。     

大曲率高翻边钣金零件橡皮成形起皱控制

起皱是橡皮液压成形主要缺陷之一,大飞机固定前缘安装着一系列鱼头状钣金隔板件,曲率大、翻边高,成形时易起皱,控制起皱是需要解决的关键问题。借助于PAMSTAMP板料成形模拟软件建立橡皮成形有限元模型,对大曲率、高翻边钣金件橡皮成形起皱缺陷进行数值分析,研究侧压块模具结构与压边圈模具结构对橡皮成形消皱技术的影响效果,确定展开毛坯、模具结构、橡皮硬度等的最佳数值,并加以试验验证,最终形成了一种可直接采用无余量展开毛坯完整机械加工凸弯边零件的橡皮成形技术,实现了大曲率、高翻边零件的无皱橡皮精确成形,为大型飞机钣金制造提供参考。     

飞机凸翻边零件橡皮成形起皱控制方法研究

针对飞机凸翻边零件橡皮成形的起皱问题,利用PAMSTAMP2G软件对凸翻边零件的橡皮成形进行了有限元数值模拟研究。分析了摩擦系数、加载速率以及橡皮硬度对起皱的影响,得到不同的模拟结果及成形参数。采取增加侧压块的方法,通过一系列的正交模拟得出了侧压块的外形设计的参数依据。综合试验和模拟的结果,表明侧压块方法对起皱控制是可行的。     

Ti-15-3钛合金橡皮成形凸弯边起皱预测

基于ABAQUS／Explicit对Ti-15-3钛合金室温锥杯成形实验中悬空侧壁起皱现象进行分析,通过对零件边缘的皱纹波长和峰高的定量研究,获取较适合Ti-15-3钛合金室温成形侧壁起皱的模拟参数。将Ti-15—3钛合金室温锥杯成形起皱获取的模拟参数,用于Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的预测,通过定量比较凸弯边边缘的皱纹波长和峰高,分析不同硬度的橡皮对Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的影响。经实验验证,有限元模拟对Ti-15—3钛合金凸弯边上皱纹的模拟与实验结果有很好的一致性。     

基于90°凸腹板反向翻边件的新工艺

对于90°凸腹板反向翻边件的成形,当腹板弯曲半径较小、反向翻边较高时,翻边极易破裂,翻边高度将受到材料延伸率的限制,解决的办法通常都是很消极的,或降低高度,或采用复杂的多工序成形法.本文提出的在伸长变形区压波浪型储料法,可以很好地解决破裂的难题,其工艺施行容易,模具结构简单,翻边质量好,用展开件成形可以大大提高材料利用率,效果十分显著.     

基于有限元模拟的变截面辊弯成形起皱缺陷预测

针对变截面辊弯成形过程中凸弧受压失稳起皱问题,利用改进后的C-B起皱预测准则和有限元仿真技术,计算起皱因子以评价板料凸弧各处起皱发生的难易程度,生成起皱云图以观察材料各部分的稳定状态并预测可能出现起皱的部位。根据此准则,通过正交实验研究板厚、圆弧半径、边腿高度和圆弧圆心角对起皱的影响规律,为修改辊弯成形工艺和模型提供依据。有限元仿真模拟结果与理论推导数据吻合良好,证明了起皱准则的有效性和精确性。     

基于ACO BP NN的飞机零件橡皮囊成形起皱预测

利用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元分析软件对2A12 O态铝合金橡皮囊成形凸曲线弯边零件起皱现象进行分析,借助正交试验工具,进行了橡皮囊成形数值模拟试验。通过分析材料性能参数和工艺参数对凸弯边橡皮囊成形零件的影响,获取了影响凸曲线弯边零件起皱的主效应参数,并在此试验基础上建立了基于蚁群神经网络的起皱预测模型。在利用大量试验数据对其训练之后,使用该模型预测橡皮囊成形零件的起皱情况,同时对2A12 O态铝合金板材橡皮囊成形凸弯边零件进行工艺试验验证,结果表明：该模型能够在研究新零件成形过程中快速获得最佳成形参数,并且可以提高效率的工业,且预测误差控制在5%以内,且满足工业应用标准。     

基于ACO-BP NN的飞机零件橡皮囊成形起皱预测（英文）

利用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元分析软件对2A12-O态铝合金橡皮囊成形凸曲线弯边零件起皱现象进行分析,借助正交试验工具,进行了橡皮囊成形数值模拟试验。通过分析材料性能参数和工艺参数对凸弯边橡皮囊成形零件的影响,获取了影响凸曲线弯边零件起皱的主效应参数,并在此试验基础上建立了基于蚁群神经网络的起皱预测模型。在利用大量试验数据对其训练之后,使用该模型预测橡皮囊成形零件的起皱情况,同时对2A12-O态铝合金板材橡皮囊成形凸弯边零件进行工艺试验验证,结果表明:该模型能够在研究新零件成形过程中快速获得最佳成形参数,并且可以提高效率的工业,且预测误差控制在5%以内,且满足工业应用标准。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.