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生物降解性塑料的开发现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、前言随着塑料制品广泛使用,塑料垃圾给环境造成污染,依靠再生回收、焚烧处理或掩埋的办法都难以解决。特别是废弃的薄膜,因其不能分解而残留地层,影响耕种,已引起世界各国的关注。为根除隐患,自1988年和1989年起,美国和日本已将开发和应用生物降解性塑料摆到议事日程,规定每年举行专业年会加强学术开发交流,积极开发新产品。日本为此拨出专款,加强调研开发和应 相似文献
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本文介绍了当今国内外开发研究生物降解性塑料的概况,重点评介应用于食品包装膜和农用地膜的生物降解性塑料的性能及其开发现状。 相似文献
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一、前言塑料制品随着人民生活水平提高,应用日益广泛,数量骤增,带来塑料垃圾堆积成山而成为环境的公害,依靠再生回收、焚烧处理或掩埋的办法都难以解决。现行各种通用塑料,无论在大气、河海或地下掩埋均不易分解,特别是农用地膜残留地层造成耕地严重污染,已成为当今世界各国的关注。寻找一种能自动消失的新型生物降解性塑料,保持物理性能和应用范围,甚至优于通用塑料,是解决当前塑料垃圾的环境公害问题最积极的措施和最佳的出路。 相似文献
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生物降解塑料的开发与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了生物降解塑料的降解机理和特点,综述了国内外生物降解塑料的研究现状和进展,并总结了降解塑料所存在的问题,对今后的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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生物降解塑料的研究现状及问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物降解塑料这一领域的研究和发展正成为人们普遍关注的焦点。生物降解塑料根据其降解机理和破坏形式,可分为完全生物降解塑料和生物崩坏性(致劣性)塑料两种。这种新型塑料涉及化工、高分子、生物学等多门学科,属于一项高新技术。尽管各国投入了较大的人力、物力,但至今还未普遍达到实用阶段,在研究开发、市场、应用等方面还存在许多问题。 相似文献
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利用淀粉制备可生物降解的淀粉基塑料并替代传统的石化产品合成非降解塑料,对改善并解决白色污染问题有重要意义。由于淀粉本身力学性能较差,需要对其进行物理或化学改性,以提高其力学性能。本文综述了常见的改性方法有:热塑性处理,使淀粉转变为热塑性淀粉,以改善淀粉的延展性能和成膜性;将淀粉和高聚物(PVA、PLA、PBAT)共混制备的复合降解塑料,较纯淀粉基塑料成膜性能和力学性能明显改善;将淀粉与增强剂(纤维素、壳聚糖、木质素、石墨烯等)共混,产品的力学性能、阻水性能、热稳定性、透氧性、透明度等性能得以改善,成本降低;在制备淀粉基塑料的过程中添加增塑剂,可干扰淀粉分子间强的相互作用,使其柔韧性增加。淀粉基生物降解塑料作为包装材料在食品、农业、制药等行业具有广泛的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Biodegradable plastics (GSD) based on soy dreg (SD) were prepared by compression‐molding, with glycerol as the plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross‐linker. The structure and properties of the GSD sheets were investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and tensile test methods. The results indicate that when GA content was 6.8%, the tensile strength (σb) of the sheet reached the maximum value of 14.5 MPa. Moreover, the strength and water resistance of the sheets coated with castor‐oil‐based polyurethane/nitrochitosan interpenetrating network (IPN) coating were significantly enhanced to 24.6 MPa in the dry state and 9.8 MPa in the wet state. Simultaneously, the test of biodegradability of the GSD sheet in a mineral salts medium containing microorganisms and agar proved that GSD could be fully biodegradable. This work has provided a novel way to utilize low‐cost SD to prepare biodegradable plastics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 422–427, 2003 相似文献
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Biodegradable plastics were synthesized for the effective use of sago starch‐extraction residue, which has been discarded as a waste. Two types of esterified sago starch‐extraction residue, P‐SP and L‐SP, were obtained. It had black color for P‐SP160 (esterified by palm oil) to light yellow color for L‐SP80 (esterified by lauric acid) and showed high carbon content, ranging from 399.3 to 537.1 g kg−1. Biodegradable plastics from the residue, which had high esterification degree showed thermoplasticity and slower decomposition in Andisols in Japan and Inceptisols in Philippines. The esterification degrees of P‐SP160 and L‐SP were 3.23 and 2.95 to 5.18 mmol g−1, respectively. In addition, L‐SP80 exhibited the most appropriate thermal softening behavior by heating. The cumulative decomposition of P‐SP160 in Andisols and Inceptisols showed 16.7 and 32.8% of total carbon during 31 day of the incubation. On the other hand, the decomposition rates of L‐SP80 in Andisols and Inceptisols were less than 10% of total carbon during 31 day of the incubation. The addition of triacetin as plasticizer to P‐SP160 and L‐SP80 remarkably influenced the decomposition rate of both molded P‐SP160 and L‐SP80. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
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阐述了植物合成生物降解塑料的可能性及其机理,并详细论述了目前用转基因植物拟南芥、油菜、棉花、马铃薯、蓝细菌等合成生物降解塑料的研究进展,阐明了存在的问题和今后的发展前景。 相似文献
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