基于PSOABC-SVM的软件可靠性预测模型

软件可靠性预测是指在软件开发初期对软件中各模块出错的可能性进行预测,对提高软件的可信性具有重要意义。提出了一种基于粒子群与人工蜂群优化支持向量机的软件可靠性预测模型,将粒子群优化算法与人工蜂群算法相结合的混合算法引入到支持向量机的参数选择中,提高软件可靠性预测的效果。实验结果表明,该模型比BP网络预测模型、粒子群优化支持向量机等预测模型收敛速度更快、预测精度更高,能更好的进行软件可靠性预测。     

基于免疫粒子群算法的参数估计方法

针对污水生化反应模型参数估计问题,提出一种基于免疫粒子群算法的估计方法。该方法采用免疫算法保持粒子群的多样性,避免粒子群算法的过早收敛而降低寻优能力。利用估计的参数值对实验数据进行拟合,仿真结果表明,拟合误差率低于标准的粒子群和遗传算法,进一步提高了污水生化反应模型参数估计精度。     

基于PSO的软件可靠性模型参数估计方法

软件可靠性建模是一个重要的研究领域,现有的软件可靠性模型基本上是非线性函数模型,估计这些模型的参数比较困难。粒子群优化是一类适合求解非线性优化问题的随机优化方法,提出一种基于粒子群优化的软件可靠性模型估计参数方法,该方法的关键是构造合适的适应函数。用该方法分别估计了5个实际软件系统的指数软件可靠性模型以及对数泊松执行时间模型,实验结果表明：该方法参数估计的精度高,对模型的适应性强。     

基于粒子群优化算法的非线性系统模型参数估计

非线性模型的参数估计是较为困难的寻优问题,经典方法常会陷入局部极值。由于粒子群算法是一种有效的解决优化问题的群集智能算法,它的突出特点是操作简便、容易实现且全局搜索功能较强,故将粒子群优化算法用于非线性系统模型参数估计,并通过对3种典型的非线性模型的参数估计进行了验证。实验结果表明：粒子群优化算法参数估计精度高,是一种有效的参数估计方法。     

基于粒子群优化算法的非线性系统模型参数估计

非线性模型的参数估计是较为困难的寻优问题,经典方法常会陷入局部极值.由于粒子群算法是一种有效的解决优化问题的群集智能算法,它的突出特点是操作简便、容易实现且全局搜索功能较强,故将粒子群优化算法用于非线性系统模型参数估计,并通过对3种典型的非线性模型的参数估计进行了验证.实验结果表明:粒子群优化算法参数估计精度高,是一种有效的参数估计方法.     

PSO算法在非线性回归模型参数估计中的应用

非线性回归模型的参数估计是较为困难的寻优问题,经典方法常会陷入局部极值。由于粒子群算法是一种有效的解决优化问题的群集智能算法,它的突出特点是操作简便、容易实现且全局搜索功能较强,故将粒子群优化算法用于非线性系统模型参数估计,并通过对6种非线性回归模型的参数估计进行了验证。实验结果表明：粒子群优化算法是一种有效的参数估计方法。     

基于拟合与粒子群优化的VG方程参数估计

考虑到粒子群算法受初值影响,易于产生局部最优解的缺陷,将lsqcurvefit拟合方法与粒子群算法相结合,提出一种新的混合型粒子群优化算法,用于Van Genuchten方程参数估计得到了较好的结果。数值实验结果分析表明,该算法在参数估计中求解精度高、收敛速度快、寻优能力强,而且不需要给出参数的初始值,是一种值得推广的方法。     

PSO算法在非线性回归模型参数估计中的应用

非线性回归模型的参数估计是较为困难的寻优问题,经典方法常会陷入局部极值.由于粒子群算法是一种有效的解决优化问题的群集智能算法,它的突出特点是操作简便、容易实现且全局搜索功能较强,故将粒子群优化算法用于非线性系统模型参数估计,并通过对6种非线性回归模型的参数估计进行了验证.实验结果表明:粒子群优化算法是一种有效的参数估计方法.     

惯性权重正弦调整的粒子群算法

通过对标准粒子群算法中惯性权重的分析,提出了一种惯性权重正弦调整的粒子群算法。运用差分方程对粒子速度变化过程和位置变化过程进行分析,得到了粒子群算法的收敛条件。通过对4个典型的函数的测试,实验结果表明该方法在收敛速度和全局收敛性方面都比标准粒子群算法和随机惯性权重粒子群算法有明显改进。理论分析和仿真实验验证了新算法的正确性和有效性。     

神经网络在软件可靠性预测中的应用研究

关于应用软件保证在应用中安全可靠,应研究软件可靠性预测问题.针对软件可靠性预测系统是一个多因素的、非线性的复杂系统,传统设计高精度的准确数学模型预测方法是相当困难,RBF神经网络是一种非线性预测能力相当强的预测方法.为了提高软件可靠性预测的准确率,提出一种粒子群优化RBF神经网络的软件可靠性预测模型.模型首先将软件可靠性因子作为RBF神经网络的输入,软件可靠性准确率作为RBF神经网络的输出,然后将RBF神经网络的参数初始为粒子群中的粒子,软件可靠性准确率作为粒子优化的目标函数,通过粒子群之间的协作来获得RBF神经网络最优参数,用最优参数对RBF神经网络对软件可靠性进行预测.仿真结果表明,与传统软件可靠性预测方法相比,粒子群优化RBF神经网络对软件可靠性预测的精度更高,收敛速度更快,同时解决了传统RBF神经网络参数寻优难题,更加适合于软件可靠性预测.     

基于改进模拟退火算法的软件可靠性模型参数估计方法

为提升现有软件可靠性模型的拟合性能和求解精度,结合软件可靠性模型求解特征,提出一种改进的模拟退火算法。在此基础上,提出基于改进模拟退火算法的软件可靠性模型参数求解方法(简称为MSAE法),并将新方法应用于4组失效数据集。工程应用结果表明,与最大似然估计(MLE)法、和声搜索(HS)算法和蚁群(AC)算法相比,MSAE法可有效改善软件可靠性模型参数求解不收敛的情况,并且可以有效提升现有软件可靠性模型的拟合性能。     

基于软件体系结构和广义差分进化的测试资源动态分配算法

测试资源分配是软件测试中的一个基础问题,然而已有研究大都针对并串联模块软件模型而鲜有涉及体系结构软件模型。为此,首先针对可靠性和错误数动态变化的测试环境,构建了一种基于体系结构的多阶段多目标测试资源分配模型。然后基于参数重估计、种群重新初始化、广义差分进化和归一化加权求和设计了一种面向动态可靠性和错误数的多阶段多目标测试资源分配算法。最后,在仿真实验中,与已有的归一化加权求和多目标差分进化（WNS-MODE）算法进行对比,所提算法在不同结构的体系结构软件模型实例上所获解集更优,容量值提高了约16倍,覆盖值提高了约84个百分点,超体积提高了约6倍。实验结果表明,所提算法能够更好地适应可靠性和错误数的动态变化,可为体系结构软件模型的动态测试提供更多和更优的测试资源分配方案。     

Forecasting of Software Reliability Using Neighborhood Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Based Novel Neural Network

This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) based software reliability model trained by novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for enhanced forecasting of the reliability of software. The proposed ANN is developed considering the fault generation phenomenon during software testing with the fault complexity of different levels. We demonstrate the proposed model considering three types of faults residing in the software. We propose a neighborhood based fuzzy PSO algorithm for competent learning of the proposed ANN using software failure data. Fitting and prediction performances of the neighborhood fuzzy PSO based proposed neural network model are compared with the standard PSO based proposed neural network model and existing ANN based software reliability models in the literature through three real software failure data sets. We also compare the performance of the proposed PSO algorithm with the standard PSO algorithm through learning of the proposed ANN. Statistical analysis shows that the neighborhood fuzzy PSO based proposed neural network model has comparatively better fitting and predictive ability than the standard PSO based proposed neural network model and other ANN based software reliability models. Faster release of software is achievable by applying the proposed PSO based neural network model during the testing period.      

Estimation of reliability and cost relationship for architecture-based software

In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate the relationship between software reliability and software development cost taking into account the complexity for developing the software system and the size of software intended to develop during the implementation phase of the software development life cycle. On the basis of estimated relationship, a set of empirical data has been used to validate the correctness of the proposed model by comparing the result with the other existing models. The outcome of this work shows that the method proposed here is a relatively straightforward one in formulating the relationship between reliability and cost during implementation phase.     

航天软件测试模型构建与应用

针对航天软件高可靠性的特点,构建一种输入与输出模型测试方案,提出基于覆盖测试算法的测试方法,测试覆盖算法主要包含三种功能测试方法和三种结构测试方法。功能测试主要使用基于边界的方法、定义等价类、使用决策表分析三种方法。结构测试主要使用基于路径的测试、数据流测试、片测试三种方法。实例验证,该方法清晰明了、便于发现航天软件缺陷、降低航天软件开发风险与代价以及保证航天软件质量。     

基于Bayes方法的软件运行剖面建模

软件运行剖面对于软件可靠性和软件测试具有重要意义,关于软件运行剖面建模,已提出多种方法。但是这些方法都未考虑先验信息,在现场测试数据匮乏的情况下,将这些先验信息丢弃不用,难以对实际运行剖面作出适当的估计。论文讨论了基于Bayes方法的软件运行剖面建模,该方法能够把先验信息与实际测试信息很好地结合起来,并给出了相应的算法。经仿真验证,基于Bayes方法的软件运行剖面建模方法能够较好地估计软件的实际运行剖面。     

The determination of optimal software release times at different confidence levels with consideration of learning effects

As most software reliability models do not clearly explain the variance in the mean value function of cumulative software errors, they might not be effective in deducing the confidence interval regarding the mean value function. In such cases, software developers cannot estimate the possible risk variation in software reliability by using the randomness of the mean value function, thus reducing the decision‐making reliability when determining an optimal software release time. In this paper, the method of stochastic differential equations is used to build a software reliability model, which is validated based on practical data previously used in six published papers. Moreover, the estimation of the parameters of the proposed model, which can be defined as the autonomous error‐detected factor and the learning factor, is also illustrated, and the results of model validation empirically confirm that the proposed model is able to account for a fairly large portion of the variance of the mean value function. Additionally, the confidence intervals of the mean value function regarding software faults are employed to assist software developers in determining the optimal release times at different confidence levels. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于UML的软件Markov链使用模型的构建

构建软件的使用模型是进行软件可靠性测试及软件可靠性评估的基础.近年来,如何由软件的UML模型构造软件的使用模型成为研究热点.对于大型的软件系统来说,应用现有方法构建的软件Markov链使用模型的状态空间过于庞大,模型描述困难,不利于测试用例的自动生成及软件可靠性评估.针对以上问题,提出了一种由UML模型构建Markov链使用模型的方法.该方法将场景的前置条件和后置条件作为Markov链使用模型的状态,将场景的执行及执行概率作为状态之间的转移及转移概率.与现有方法相比,新方法构建的Markov链使用模型的状态空间小且无需人为干预,而且可以很方便地生成测试输入从而进行可靠性测试.针对UML模型的有效性,提出了经过可靠性评估扩展的UML模型生成Markov链使用模型的验证算法.最后通过一个卫星控制系统的实例对新方法的性能进行了验证.     

Robust feedforward and recurrent neural network based dynamic weighted combination models for software reliability prediction

Traditional parametric software reliability growth models (SRGMs) are based on some assumptions or distributions and none such single model can produce accurate prediction results in all circumstances. Non-parametric models like the artificial neural network (ANN) based models can predict software reliability based on only fault history data without any assumptions. In this paper, initially we propose a robust feedforward neural network (FFNN) based dynamic weighted combination model (PFFNNDWCM) for software reliability prediction. Four well-known traditional SRGMs are combined based on the dynamically evaluated weights determined by the learning algorithm of the proposed FFNN. Based on this proposed FFNN architecture, we also propose a robust recurrent neural network (RNN) based dynamic weighted combination model (PRNNDWCM) to predict the software reliability more justifiably. A real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to train the ANNs. Predictability of the proposed models are compared with the existing ANN based software reliability models through three real software failure data sets. We also compare the performances of the proposed models with the models that can be developed by combining three or two of the four SRGMs. Comparative studies demonstrate that the PFFNNDWCM and PRNNDWCM present fairly accurate fitting and predictive capability than the other existing ANN based models. Numerical and graphical explanations show that PRNNDWCM is promising for software reliability prediction since its fitting and prediction error is much less relative to the PFFNNDWCM.