Preparation of Al-AlN Bonded Corundum Based Refractories by in-situ Reaction

The Al-AlN bonded corundum based refractories was synthesized with the starting materials of fused alumina and metallic aluminium in nitrogen atmosphere through in-situ reaction. The study indicated that with the addition of 14% metallic aluminium (13% of Al powder and 1% of Al fiber), the material nitridized at 1 100 ℃ for 3 h has excellent physical properties. It is found that a massive quantity of AlN in the forms of both whiskers and hexagon pellet particles is formed, and a large quantity of Al remaine...     

提高刚玉质耐火材料热震稳定性的研究

利用微气孔和弥散的ＺｒＯ２能改善耐火材料热震稳定性的特点，在含有一定数量微气孔的刚玉质耐火材料中，加入弥散的ＺｒＯ２，将ＺｒＯ２的增韧作用应用于刚玉质耐火材料热震稳定性的设计中。实验结果表明，当气孔的数量控制在１４％左右，ＺｒＯ２的外加量达６～９ｗｔ％时，能有效地改善刚玉质耐火材料的热震稳定性。在１１００℃，水冷的条件下，经１０次热震试验后，耐压强度保持不变，残余抗折强度为４５％。     

Influence of Ultra-Fine B4C and Nano-SiO2 on the Properties of Alumina-Graphite Refractories

The role of nano-SiO2 and ultra-fine boron carbide on the properties of alumina-graphite materials was investigated.The study showed that the ultra-fine boron carbide added modified the microstructure of residual carbon and promoted the chemical bond between residual carbon from phenolic resin and flake graphite.The carbon white could strengthen the residual carbon from phenolic resin.These two additives improved the mechanical properties of AG refractories at both room temperature and high temperature,and thermal shock resistance was improved noticeably.When the two additives were doped together,carbon white could retard the evaporation of B2O3.Thermal shock resistance was guaranteed with a smaller amount of ultrafine born carbide.     

负压浇注对刚玉浇注料性能的影响

按板状刚玉颗粒70%(w)、板状刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉26%(w)、纯铝酸钙水泥3%(w)和减水剂1%(w),加适量水配制成刚玉浇注料,搅拌均匀后倒入真空浇注设备的模具中,分别于真空度为0、-0.03、-0.06和-0.09 MPa的时刻开始振动浇注成型,振动时继续抽真空2 min,试样经养护、烘干和1 500℃3 h热处理后,研究负压浇注对刚玉浇注料物理性能、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响,并借助压汞仪测定试样孔径分布,采用SEM观察试样断口形貌.结果表明:与常压浇注的试样相比,负压浇注可使试样中的气孔直径从10～20μm降到0.5～2μm,使试样结构更加致密,从而提高其机械强度和抗渣侵蚀性;负压浇注对试样的抗热震性略有负面影响,但负压浇注的试样热震后强度仍高于常压浇注的;在真空度为-0.03～-0.06 MPa之间开始振动浇注时,得到的浇注料试样综合性能最好.     

不同粒度红柱石对矾土基喷涂料性能的影响

以矾土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉为结合系统,分别研究了不同粒度的红柱石对矾土基喷涂料性能的影响。试样自然干燥24h脱模,再经110℃烘干24h,分别于1000℃、1300℃和1500℃热处理3h。检测各温度热处理后试样的线变化率、体积密度、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度以及试样的热膨胀系数、耐磨性能和抗热震性能。结果表明,添加粗粒度的红柱石并不能有效弥补矾土基喷涂料经高温热处理产生的收缩。矾土基喷涂料的体积密度随着红柱石粒度的增大而增大。不同粒度的红柱石未对矾土基喷涂料的中温强度产生明显影响,粗粒度的红柱石可以提高矾土基喷涂料的高温强度。矾土基喷涂料的耐磨性能随着红柱石粒度的增大而提高。细粒度的红柱石有利于改善矾土基喷涂料的抗热震性能。     

Influences of ZrO_2-SiC Composite Powder and Commercial SiC on Properties of Al_2O_3-C Refractories

In order to improve oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3-C refractories, two groups of specimens were prepared with phenolic resin as binder, adding 0, 2 wt%, 4 wt% and 6 wt% commercial SiC or ZrO2-SiC composite powder synthesized from zircon respectively to Al2O3-C refractories, pressing at 200 MPa, drying fully at 250 ℃, and then carbon embedded firing at 1 400 ℃ for 2 h. Oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance were researched, phase composition was analyzed by XRD. The res...     

氧化铝原料对红柱石基耐火材料莫来石化行为的影响

研究了几种氧化铝原料对红柱石基耐火材料莫来石化行为的影响。对试样XRD数据的分析结果表明,所引入的烧结氧化铝、活性氧化铝和棕刚玉都对红柱石的分解转化有不同程度的抑制作用,其中棕刚玉对红柱石分解转化的抑制作用尤为强烈,原因在于引入的TiO2。但TiO2对二次莫来石的生成没有影响。红柱石的分解转化受制于高温液相中的氧化铝浓度。活性氧化铝加入量小于20%时,其加入量增加,对红柱石分解转化的抑制作用随之增大。氧化铝原料的反应活性取决于其在高温液相中的溶解速度。     

氮化铝抗水化性能及其在浇注料中的应用

研究了在空气中700-1050℃范围内热处理工艺对氮化铝抗水化性能的影响。结果表明氮化铝在空气中的氧化行为包括(1)氮化铝被氧化成θ-AlO;(2)进一步发生晶型转变形成α-AlO。经热处理,氮化铝的抗水化性能有一定的提高,将热处理的氮化铝引入刚玉-尖晶石浇注料中,浇注料的抗渣侵蚀性能有所改善。     

m-ZrO2和ZrSiO4对MgO-CaO砖性能的影响

以镁钙砂、中档镁砂、高纯镁砂粉、单斜氧化锆(m-ZrO2)、锆英石等为原料,研究了ZrO2的加入形式与加入量对MgO-CaO砖性能的影响。结果表明:当ZrO2以m-ZrO2的形式加入到MgO-CaO砖中时,可以提高试样的常温性能、抗水化性、抗热震性等,m-ZrO2加入量(质量分数,下同)为2%~7%时,试样具有良好的常温性能,加入量为5%时抗水化效果较好,加入量为10%~15%时抗热震效果较好;当ZrO2以锆英石细粉的形式加入时,会明显提高试样的抗水化性及抗热震性,锆英石加入量为5%时,试样的抗水化性及抗热震性优越,但随着锆英石加入量的增加,试样的体积密度、强度明显下降,加入量大于10%以后,制品大多疏松开裂。     

Role of ZrO2 in sintering and mechanical properties of CaO containing magnesia from cryptocrystalline magnesite

As main components of magnesia-based refractories, magnesia exhibits excellent properties such as high refractoriness and good basic slag corrosion resistance. However, magnesia produced from CaO containing cryptocrystalline magnesite has limited application owing to the low hydration resistance and poor thermal shock resistance (TSR). This work aimed to investigate the reinforcing effects of microscale monoclinic ZrO₂ on free CaO containing magnesia for optimizing mechanical properties, TSR and hydration resistance. The results showed that adding ZrO₂ could promote the removal of the open pores, strengthen the interface bonding between various grains and produce crack deflection, which improved flexural strength and fracture toughness. As a result, the TSR of the specimens was enhanced effectively due to increased strength and toughness and reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient. Besides, as the ZrO₂ was introduced, hydration resistance of the specimens improved significantly, mainly attributing to the decrease in apparent porosity and elimination of the free CaO by forming CaZrO₃ and cubic ZrO₂ phases.     

膨胀石墨对镁碳耐火材料显微结构和性能的影响

以膨胀石墨为碳源,部分取代镁碳耐火材料(含5wt％的鳞片石墨)中的鳞片石墨,借助X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪以及三点弯曲测试仪等研究了膨胀石墨的添加对热处理后镁碳材料的显微结构、力学性能、抗热震性和抗氧化性的影响.结果表明:镁碳材料中引入0.2wt％的膨胀石墨在高温下可促进材料基体内片状AlN相形成,进而使试样的抗折强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别为12.35 MPa和2.82 GPa;但是过量的添加将对材料的致密度产生负面影响,从而降低了材料的抗折强度和弯曲模量;膨胀石墨的添加显著提高了镁碳材料的抗热震性但对材料的抗氧化性不利;当膨胀石墨的加入量为0.5wt％时,镁碳材料的综合性能最好,若想加大膨胀石墨的添加量,需对其抗氧化性进行改善.     

Densification and Properties of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles added CaO Refractories

Up to 8 wt. % of Nano-iron oxide was added to CaO refractory matrix. The crystalline phases and microstructure characteristics of specimens sintered at 1650 °C for 5 h in an electric furnace were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The physical properties are reported in terms of bulk density, apparent porosity and hydration resistance. The mechanical behavior was studied by a cold crushing strength (CCS) and flexural strength at 1200 °C test. As a result, it was found that the presence of Nano-iron oxide in the CaO refractory matrix induced 2CaO.Fe₂O₃ (C₂F), CaO.Fe₂O₃ (CF) and 3CaO.Al₂O₃ (C₃A) phase’s formation, which improved the sintering process. Nano-iron oxide also influenced the bonding structure through a direct bonding enhancement. On the Other hand, the presence of Nano-iron oxide resulting in improvement properties of CaO refractory matrix refractories such as bulk density, hydration resistance and cold crushing strength. The maximum flexural strength at 1200 °C is achieved by the samples containing 4 wt. % nano-Fe₂O₃.     

AlF3对莫来石-刚玉质窑具性能与显微结构的影响

以莫来石(3~1mm)和刚玉(≤1mm)为骨料,以α-Al2O3(3~5μm)、硅线石(≤0.045mm)、硅微粉(3~5μm)、粘土(≤0.045mm)为基质料,分别外加0、9%和12%的添加剂AlF3(d50=12.03μm),成型后分别在1700℃和1725℃保温4h烧成,制得莫来石-刚玉质窑具试样,然后检测烧成后试样的显气孔率、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度和抗热震性能,并采用扫描电镜分析烧成后试样的显微结构。结果表明随着AlF3含量的增加,烧成后试样的显气孔率逐渐增大;引入AlF3后,烧成后试样的常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度和热震后抗折强度保持率均提高,且以外加9%的最高,外加12%的次之;加入AlF3的试样在1725℃烧成后,有类似晶须状的柱状莫来石形成,这有利于其强度和抗热震性能的提高。     

Si粉加入量对刚玉制品性能、组成和结构的影响

以电熔白刚玉和α-Al2O3微粉为原料,固定骨料质量分数为65%,基质质量分数为35%,调整基质组成,研究了在刚玉制品中分别加入质量分数为2%、5%、8%和14%的Si粉对1500℃埋炭烧后试样的常温物理性能、高温性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响,分析了1000～1500℃烧后刚玉制品的物相变化。结果表明:加入Si粉的试样烧后微膨胀,常温和高温强度明显提高,尤其是1400℃的高温抗折强度最高可提高近1.5倍;抗热震性显著提高,1100℃水冷1次后强度保持率从22.58%最高提高到80.65%。性能提高的主要原因是Si粉在埋炭条件下与碳反应生成SiC,填充在刚玉骨架结构中,起强化作用。Si粉的较佳质量分数为5%～8%。试样在加热过程相变化的研究结果表明:SiC的生成在1200℃已较明显,在1400℃反应基本完成。     

钛酸铝对刚玉质耐火材料性能的影响

探讨了在刚玉质耐火材料的基质中引入TiO2 原位形成钛酸铝对其性能的影响。结果表明 :钛酸铝的形成可显著提高刚玉质耐火材料的热震稳定性及热态强度 ,从而有望生产出性能更加优良的刚玉质耐火材料。     

CaO含量对刚玉质浇注料性能与显微结构的影响

通过控制铝酸钙水泥加入量,研究了CaO含量分别为0、0.5%、1.3%、1.7%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4.9%、5.6%和7.5%时对刚玉质浇注料烧结性能、抗热震性和显微结构的影响,同时借助XRD、SEM、EDS和高温热膨胀仪等手段对浇注料的物相变化、热膨胀系数和显微结构进行了分析和观察。结果表明:刚玉质浇注料中CaO含量显著影响着浇注料的烧结性能、抗热震性及其显微结构,当CaO含量低于2.5%时,随着CaO含量的增加,浇注料中片状CA6逐渐增多,并伴随着大量的体积膨胀,导致浇注料体积密度下降,显气孔率上升;当CaO含量超过2.5%时,随着CaO含量增加,浇注料中CA2相含量增加,CA6相含量逐渐减少,浇注料体积密度开始增加,显气孔率下降,线膨胀率减小,CaO含量高于5.6%的浇注料出现了收缩;刚玉质浇注料的抗热震性与显微结构密切相关,CaO含量为4.9%～7.5%的刚玉质浇注料具有很好的抗热震性,这是由于浇注料基质中粒状CA2与片状CA6相互穿插,刚玉骨料边缘片状CA6向基质中生长,强化了基质与骨料的结合,同时CA2相具有低膨胀性,导致浇注料具有较高的强度保持率和抗热震性。     

The microstructures and properties of Fe2O3 and TiO2 co-doped corundum ceramics for solar thermal absorbing materials

Solar thermal absorbing materials are the key components of concentrating solar power. In this study, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ co-doped corundum ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering. The effects of different Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ ratios on the phase composition, microstructure, thermal shock resistance and solar absorptance were investigated via XRD and EPMA testing. The results showed that, with the decrease of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ ratio, the appropriate amount of FeAlTiO₅ would decompose into ferrite particles, which played a bridging role between the corundum grains making the samples have excellent thermal shock resistance. A6 (90% bauxite, 9.5% Fe₂O₃ and 0.5% TiO₂) sintered at 1460 °C had the optimum comprehensive properties, with a bending strength of 154.80 MPa and an absorptance of 89.20% in the spectral range from 0.3 to 2.5 μm. After 30 thermal shock cycles (1000 °C–25 °C, air-cooled), the bending strength of A6 was 222.05 MPa, and the absorptance was 90.40%, which were 43.44% and 1.35% higher than those before thermal shock, respectively. Therefore, it was suitable as an excellent solar thermal absorbing materials.     

Preparation and thermal shock resistance of solar thermal absorbing corundum ceramics for concentrated solar power

The absorptivity of solar thermal absorber materials affects the heliothermal conversion efficiency of concentrated solar power systems. The solar absorbing ceramics were prepared by the fixed mixture of bauxit, Fe₂O₃, and TiO₂ with adding CuO in different percentages. The absorptivity and thermal shock resistance with the effect of adding CuO in different percentages were studied. Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ have excellent optical properties, and CuO decreases the material's band gap to boost the electronic transition and increase the material absorptivity. The results showed that the material is sintered at 1380°C with an excellent absorptivity of 94.00% in the spectrum range of 0.3–2.5 μm, and the bending strength is 132.94 MPa. The bending strength was increased by 21.07% after 30 thermal shock cycles (1000°C-room temperature, air cooling). The liquid phase facilitates the synthesis of hercynite with excellent high temperature properties. The hercynite improves the thermal shock resistance of the material.